Literature summary for 2.7.11.1 extracted from

Bidnenko, V.; Shi, L.; Kobir, A.; Ventroux, M.; Pigeonneau, N.; Henry, C.; Trubuil, A.; Noirot-Gros, M.; Mijakovic, I.
Bacillus subtilis serine/threonine protein kinase YabT is involved in spore development via phosphorylation of a bacterial recombinase (2013), Mol. Microbiol., 88, 921-935 .

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Activating Compound

Activating Compound	Comment	Organism	Structure
DNA	YabT possesses a DNA-binding motif essential for its activation: in the cytosolic part of YabT, partially overlapping with the catalytic domain, there is a region rich in lysine and arginine residues stretching from residues 230-315, which forms the DNA binding site. The entire region of amino acid residues 230-315 is required for DNA binding. YabT is capable of binding both ssDNA and dsDNA, binding of ssDNA seems to be more efficient. YabT binding of DNA is not sequence specific, and can be achieved with DNA fragments with minimal length of 15 bases. Also the activation of YabT is more efficient with ssDNA	Bacillus subtilis

Protein Variants

Protein Variants	Comment	Organism
K55D	site-directed mutagenesis of the catalytic Lys residue, inactive mutant	Bacillus subtilis
additional information	enzyme mutant YabTDELTA1 containing residues 1-284, and thus preserves the entire kinase domain, but it missing the positively-charged residues 285-315, is severely impaired in DNA binding. Enzyme mutant YabTDELTA2 contains the residues 1-230, thus being devoid of the entire region of positively charged residues, but it also inevitably lacks a part of the kinase domain (residues 231-284) leading to loss of the ability to bind DNA and all autokinase activity, irrespective of presence of DNA. Phenotypes of DELTAyabT and recA point-mutants during sporulation, overview	Bacillus subtilis

Localization

Localization	Comment	Organism	GeneOntology No.	Textmining
chromosome	-	Bacillus subtilis	5694	-
membrane	YabT is a putative transmembrane kinase that lacks the canonical extracellular signal receptor domain. In vivo YabT is expressed during sporulation and localizes to the asymmetric septum. Septal localization of YabT is growth stage specific, its enrichment at the septum occurs specifically during sporulation, and requires the putative transmembrane domain of YabT	Bacillus subtilis	16020	-

Metals/Ions

Metals/Ions	Comment	Organism	Structure
Mg2+	required	Bacillus subtilis

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.	Reac.
ATP + DNA-recombinase RecA	Bacillus subtilis	phosphorylation at Ser2 by YabT	ADP + phospho-DNA-recombinase RecA	-	?

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Bacillus subtilis	-	-	-

Posttranslational Modification

Posttranslational Modification	Comment	Organism
phosphoprotein	YabT performs autophosphorylation	Bacillus subtilis

Source Tissue

Source Tissue	Comment	Organism	Textmining
additional information	in vivo YabT is expressed during sporulation and localizes to the asymmetric septum	Bacillus subtilis	-
spore	-	Bacillus subtilis	-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
ATP + DNA-recombinase RecA	phosphorylation at Ser2 by YabT	Bacillus subtilis	ADP + phospho-DNA-recombinase RecA	-	?
ATP + DNA-recombinase RecA	phosphorylation at Ser2 by YabT, recombinant N- or C-terminally His6-tagged substrate	Bacillus subtilis	ADP + phospho-DNA-recombinase RecA	-	?
additional information	YabT can autophosphorylate in the absence of DNA, but the presence of either dsDNA or ssDNA enhanced the phosphorylation activity of YabT significantly	Bacillus subtilis	?	-	?

Subunits

Subunits	Comment	Organism
More	YabT possesses the catalytic domain followed by a putative transmembrane helix, but lacks the external sensing domain, and YabT is a putative transmembrane kinase that lacks the canonical extracellular signal receptor domain. In the cytosolic part of YabT, partially overlapping with the catalytic domain, there is a region rich in lysine and arginine residues stretching from residues 230-315, which forms the DNA binding site	Bacillus subtilis

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
YabT	-	Bacillus subtilis

Cofactor

Cofactor	Comment	Organism	Structure
ATP	-	Bacillus subtilis

General Information

General Information	Comment	Organism
evolution	YabT is a serine/threonine kinase of the superfamily of Hanks-type protein kinases, although YabT architecture is unusual for a Hanks-type kinase. YabT is capable of trans molecular autophosphorylation like its homologues, but this reaction does not require DNA. During spore development, before the septum is sealed, one copy of the chromosome has to go through and enter the spore. There it can encounter YabT, and this encounter can presumably activate the YabT kinase function	Bacillus subtilis
malfunction	cells devoid of YabT sporulate more slowly and exhibit reduced resistance to DNA damage during sporulation compared to wild-type. A non-phosphorylatable mutant of substrate DNA-recombinase RecA exhibits the same phenotype as the DELTAyabT mutant, and a phosphomimetic mutant of RecA complements DELTAyabT, suggesting that YabT acts via RecA phosphorylation in vivo. Enzyme mutant YabTDELTA1 containing residues 1-284, and thus preserves the entire kinase domain, but it missing the positively-charged residues 285-315, is severely impaired in DNA binding. Enzyme mutant YabTDELTA2 contains the residues 1-230, thus being devoid of the entire region of positively charged residues, but it also inevitably lacks a part of the kinase domain (residues 231-284) leading to loss of the ability to bind DNA and all autokinase activity, irrespective of presence of DNA. Loss of YabT leads to increased sensitivity to DNA damage during spore development	Bacillus subtilis
additional information	YabT possesses a DNA-binding motif essential for its activation	Bacillus subtilis
physiological function	Bacillus subtilis serine/threonine protein kinase YabT is involved in spore development via phosphorylation of a bacterial recombinase, YabT acts via DNA-recombinase RecA phosphorylation in vivo. During spore development, phosphorylation facilitates the formation of transient and mobile RecA foci that exhibit a scanning-like movement associated to the nucleoid in the mother cell. persistent RecA foci, which presumably coincide with irreparable lesions, are mutually exclusive with the completion of spore morphogenesis. RecA transient, mobile focus is associated with the chromosome during spore development	Bacillus subtilis

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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)