Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
C30A | mutation of Cys30 to Ala abolishes the presynaptic clustering of GAD65 in primary hippocampal neurons | Homo sapiens |
C45A | mutation of Cys30 to Ala abolishes the presynaptic clustering of GAD65 in primary hippocampal neurons | Homo sapiens |
Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
axon | - |
Mus musculus | 30424 | - |
axon | - |
Rattus norvegicus | 30424 | - |
axon | - |
Homo sapiens | 30424 | - |
endosome | palmitoylated GAD65 co-localizes with Rab5 in Golgi membranes and axons, and Rab5 regulates the trafficking of palmitoylated GAD65 from Golgi membranes to axons in an endosomal trafficking pathway | Mus musculus | 5768 | - |
endosome | palmitoylated GAD65 co-localizes with Rab5 in Golgi membranes and axons, and Rab5 regulates the trafficking of palmitoylated GAD65 from Golgi membranes to axons in an endosomal trafficking pathway | Rattus norvegicus | 5768 | - |
endosome | palmitoylated GAD65 co-localizes with Rab5 in Golgi membranes and axons, and Rab5 regulates the trafficking of palmitoylated GAD65 from Golgi membranes to axons in an endosomal trafficking pathway | Homo sapiens | 5768 | - |
Golgi membrane | palmitoylated GAD65 co-localizes with Rab5 in Golgi membranes and axons, and Rab5 regulates the trafficking of palmitoylated GAD65 from Golgi membranes to axons in an endosomal trafficking pathway | Mus musculus | 139 | - |
Golgi membrane | palmitoylated GAD65 co-localizes with Rab5 in Golgi membranes and axons, and Rab5 regulates the trafficking of palmitoylated GAD65 from Golgi membranes to axons in an endosomal trafficking pathway | Rattus norvegicus | 139 | - |
Golgi membrane | palmitoylated GAD65 co-localizes with Rab5 in Golgi membranes and axons, and Rab5 regulates the trafficking of palmitoylated GAD65 from Golgi membranes to axons in an endosomal trafficking pathway | Homo sapiens | 139 | - |
additional information | GAD67 is evenly distributed throughout the cell | Homo sapiens | - |
- |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L-glutamate | Homo sapiens | GAD is the rate-limiting enzyme in controlling GABA synthesis, GABA is synthesized by GAD67 is used for the other functions such as trophic factor for neuronal development or energy source. GAD67 is constitutively active and is responsible for the basal GABA production | 4-aminobutanoate + CO2 | - |
? | |
L-glutamate | Mus musculus | GAD is the rate-limiting enzyme in controlling GABA synthesis, GABA is synthesized by GAD67 is used for the other functions such as trophic factor for neuronal development or energy source. GAD67 is constitutively active and is responsible for the basal GABA production while GAD65 is transiently activated in response to the extra demand of GABA in neurotransmission | 4-aminobutanoate + CO2 | - |
? | |
L-glutamate | Rattus norvegicus | GAD is the rate-limiting enzyme in controlling GABA synthesis, GABA is synthesized by GAD67 is used for the other functions such as trophic factor for neuronal development or energy source. GAD67 is constitutively active and is responsible for the basal GABA production while GAD65 is transiently activated in response to the extra demand of GABA in neurotransmission | 4-aminobutanoate + CO2 | - |
? | |
L-glutamate | Homo sapiens | GAD is the rate-limiting enzyme in controlling GABA synthesis, GAD65 is transiently activated in response to the extra demand of GABA in neurotransmission | 4-aminobutanoate + CO2 | - |
? | |
additional information | Homo sapiens | GAD65 plays an essential role in neurotransmission, and is a typical autoantigen in several human autoimmune diseases, such as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM and Stiffman-Person syndrome, SPS. Posttranslational regulation of the enzyme in brain, overview | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | Mus musculus | GAD65 plays an essential role in neurotransmission, overview | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | Rattus norvegicus | GAD65 plays an essential role in neurotransmission, overview | ? | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Homo sapiens | Q05329 | GAD65 | - |
Homo sapiens | Q99259 | GAD67 | - |
Mus musculus | - |
- |
- |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
- |
- |
Posttranslational Modification | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
lipoprotein | palmitoylation of cysteines 30 and 45 is critical for post-Golgi trafficking of GAD65 to presynaptic sites and for its relative dendritic exclusion, leading to the presynaptic clustering of GAD65 | Mus musculus |
lipoprotein | palmitoylation of cysteines 30 and 45 is critical for post-Golgi trafficking of GAD65 to presynaptic sites and for its relative dendritic exclusion, leading to the presynaptic clustering of GAD65 | Rattus norvegicus |
lipoprotein | palmitoylation of cysteines 30 and 45 is critical for post-Golgi trafficking of GAD65 to presynaptic sites and for its relative dendritic exclusion, leading to the presynaptic clustering of GAD65 | Homo sapiens |
phosphoprotein | protein kinase A is responsible for phosphorylation and inhibition of GAD67 activity, while calcineurin is the phosphatase responsible for dephosphorylation and activation of GAD67 | Mus musculus |
phosphoprotein | protein kinase A is responsible for phosphorylation and inhibition of GAD67 activity, while calcineurin is the phosphatase responsible for dephosphorylation and activation of GAD67 | Rattus norvegicus |
phosphoprotein | protein kinase A is responsible for phosphorylation and inhibition of GAD67 activity, while calcineurin is the phosphatase responsible for dephosphorylation and activation of GAD67 | Homo sapiens |
proteolytic modification | conversion of full-length GAD65 to truncated GAD65 is not the result of random post-mortem degradation, but that it is an intracellular process that is highly regulated. The cleavage is mediated by calpain, a Ca2+-dependent cysteine protease | Mus musculus |
proteolytic modification | conversion of full-length GAD65 to truncated GAD65 is not the result of random post-mortem degradation, but that it is an intracellular process that is highly regulated. The cleavage is mediated by calpain, a Ca2+-dependent cysteine protease | Rattus norvegicus |
proteolytic modification | conversion of full-length GAD65 to truncated GAD65 is not the result of random post-mortem degradation, but that it is an intracellular process that is highly regulated. The cleavage is mediated by calpain, a Ca2+-dependent cysteine protease | Homo sapiens |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
brain | - |
Mus musculus | - |
brain | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
brain | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
additional information | GAD67 is evenly distributed throughout the cell | Mus musculus | - |
additional information | GAD67 is evenly distributed throughout the cell | Rattus norvegicus | - |
additional information | GAD67 is evenly distributed throughout the cell | Homo sapiens | - |
neuron | - |
Mus musculus | - |
neuron | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
neuron | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L-glutamate | - |
Mus musculus | 4-aminobutanoate + CO2 | - |
? | |
L-glutamate | - |
Rattus norvegicus | 4-aminobutanoate + CO2 | - |
? | |
L-glutamate | - |
Homo sapiens | 4-aminobutanoate + CO2 | - |
? | |
L-glutamate | GAD is the rate-limiting enzyme in controlling GABA synthesis, GABA is synthesized by GAD67 is used for the other functions such as trophic factor for neuronal development or energy source. GAD67 is constitutively active and is responsible for the basal GABA production | Homo sapiens | 4-aminobutanoate + CO2 | - |
? | |
L-glutamate | GAD is the rate-limiting enzyme in controlling GABA synthesis, GABA is synthesized by GAD67 is used for the other functions such as trophic factor for neuronal development or energy source. GAD67 is constitutively active and is responsible for the basal GABA production while GAD65 is transiently activated in response to the extra demand of GABA in neurotransmission | Mus musculus | 4-aminobutanoate + CO2 | - |
? | |
L-glutamate | GAD is the rate-limiting enzyme in controlling GABA synthesis, GABA is synthesized by GAD67 is used for the other functions such as trophic factor for neuronal development or energy source. GAD67 is constitutively active and is responsible for the basal GABA production while GAD65 is transiently activated in response to the extra demand of GABA in neurotransmission | Rattus norvegicus | 4-aminobutanoate + CO2 | - |
? | |
L-glutamate | GAD is the rate-limiting enzyme in controlling GABA synthesis, GAD65 is transiently activated in response to the extra demand of GABA in neurotransmission | Homo sapiens | 4-aminobutanoate + CO2 | - |
? | |
additional information | GAD65 plays an essential role in neurotransmission, and is a typical autoantigen in several human autoimmune diseases, such as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM and Stiffman-Person syndrome, SPS. Posttranslational regulation of the enzyme in brain, overview | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | GAD65 plays an essential role in neurotransmission, overview | Mus musculus | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | GAD65 plays an essential role in neurotransmission, overview | Rattus norvegicus | ? | - |
? |
Subunits | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
More | 25 and 44 kDa GAD through differential GAD67 RNA splicing, the 25 kDa is enzymatically inactive and is present usually early in the development, the 44 kDa GAD is enzymatically active | Mus musculus |
More | 25 and 44 kDa GAD through differential GAD67 RNA splicing, the 25 kDa is enzymatically inactive and is present usually early in the development, the 44 kDa GAD is enzymatically active | Rattus norvegicus |
More | 25 and 44 kDa GAD through differential GAD67 RNA splicing, the 25 kDa is enzymatically inactive and is present usually early in the development, the 44 kDa GAD is enzymatically active | Homo sapiens |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
GAD | - |
Mus musculus |
GAD | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
GAD | - |
Homo sapiens |
GAD65 | - |
Mus musculus |
GAD65 | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
GAD65 | - |
Homo sapiens |
GAD67 | - |
Mus musculus |
GAD67 | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
GAD67 | - |
Homo sapiens |
Glutamic acid decarboxylase | - |
Mus musculus |
Glutamic acid decarboxylase | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
Glutamic acid decarboxylase | - |
Homo sapiens |
L-Glutamic acid decarboxylase | - |
Mus musculus |
L-Glutamic acid decarboxylase | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
L-Glutamic acid decarboxylase | - |
Homo sapiens |