Literature summary for 4.1.1.15 extracted from

Hwang, I.K.; Li, H.; Yoo, K.-Y.; Choi, J.H.; Lee, C.H.; Chung, D.W.; Kim, D.W.; Seong, J.K.; Yoon, Y.S.; Lee, I.S.; Won, M.-H.
Comparison of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 immunoreactive neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region at various age stages in dogs (2008), Neurosci. Lett., 431, 251-255 .

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Application

Application	Comment	Organism
diagnostics	glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is a rate-limiting enzyme for GABA synthesis and used as a reliable marker for inhibitory interneurons. There are differences in the distribution of inhibitory neurons according to the layer in the hippocampus. GAD67 immunoreactive neurons in the dog CA1 region are markedly decreased in the strata pyramidale and radiatum in aged dogs	Canis lupus familiaris

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.	Reac.
L-glutamate	Canis lupus familiaris	-	4-aminobutanoate + CO2	-	?

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Canis lupus familiaris	-	-	-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue	Comment	Organism	Textmining
brain	determination of GABAergic neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region at various ages of dogs using glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67), which is a rate-limiting enzyme for GABA synthesis, and extent of alterations in number and function of inhibitory GABAergic interneurons in the hippocampus as a function of age, overview. GAD67 immunoreactive neurons in 1-year-old dogs are mainly detected in the stratum oriens. In the 6-year-old group, GAD67 immunoreactive neurons are evenly distributed in the CA1 region, and numbers of the neurons are highest among all experimental groups. Thereafter, GAD67 immunoreactive neurons are significantly decreased region with age: GAD67 immunoreactive neurons are scarcely found in the CA1 region in 10-year-old dogs. GAD67 immunoreactive neurons in the dog CA1 region are markedly decreased in the strata pyramidale and radiatum in aged dogs, overview	Canis lupus familiaris	-
neuron	in the hippocampal CA1 region	Canis lupus familiaris	-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
L-glutamate	-	Canis lupus familiaris	4-aminobutanoate + CO2	-	?

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
GAD67	-	Canis lupus familiaris
glutamic acid decarboxylase 67	-	Canis lupus familiaris

Cofactor

Cofactor	Comment	Organism	Structure
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate	-	Canis lupus familiaris

General Information

General Information	Comment	Organism
physiological function	glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67), which is a rate-limiting enzyme for GABA synthesis, GAD67 is responsible for maintaining GABA baseline levels for both neurotransmitter and metabolite. Determination of GABAergic neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region at various ages of dogs using GAD67, and extent of alterations in number and function of inhibitory GABAergic interneurons in the hippocampus as a function of age, overview. The reduction of GAD67 immunoreactive neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region may be closely related to highly susceptibility to memory loss in old aged dogs	Canis lupus familiaris

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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)