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Literature summary for 4.1.1.28 extracted from

  • Hadjiconstantinou, M.; Neff, N.H.
    Enhancing aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase activity: implications for L-DOPA treatment in Parkinsons disease (2008), CNS Neurosci. Ther., 14, 340-351.
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Activating Compound

Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
amantadine drug acting on glutamatergic receptor type enhances AAAD activity Rattus norvegicus
budipine drug acting on glutamatergic receptor type enhances AAAD activity Rattus norvegicus
clonidine drug acting on alpha adrenergic receptor type enhances AAAD activity Rattus norvegicus
clozapine drug acting on serotonerg receptor type enhances AAAD activity Mus musculus
clozapine enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute treatment with the D2-like receptor antagonist Rattus norvegicus
dextrometorphan drug acting on glutamatergic receptor type enhances AAAD activity Rattus norvegicus
flupenthixol enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute treatment with the D2-like receptor antagonist Rattus norvegicus
flupenthixol enhances activity in rat striatum Rattus norvegicus
forskolin intracerebroventricularly injection enhances the enzyme activity, a response, that can be blocked by selective inhibitors of protein kinase A Mus musculus
haloperidol enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute and chronic treatment with the D2-like receptor antagonist Homo sapiens
haloperidol enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute and chronic treatment with the D2-like receptor antagonist Rattus norvegicus
ketanserin drug acting on serotonerg receptor type enhances AAAD activity Mus musculus
L-745,870 enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute treatment with the D2-like receptor antagonist Rattus norvegicus
light increases AAAD activity in retina Mus musculus
light increases AAAD activity in retina Homo sapiens
light increases AAAD activity in retina Rattus norvegicus
mecamylamine drug acting on cholinerg receptor type enhances AAAD activity Homo sapiens
memantine drug acting on glutamatergic receptor type enhances AAAD activity Rattus norvegicus
metergoline drug acting on serotonerg receptor type enhances AAAD activity Mus musculus
MK-801 drug acting on glutamatergic receptor type enhances AAAD activity Rattus norvegicus
additional information activation in vivo occurs in response to the acute action of physiological stimuli, drugs that act at neurotransmitter receptors, or modulation of the activity of endogenous kinases and phospatases Mus musculus
additional information activation in vivo occurs in response to the acute action of physiological stimuli, drugs that act at neurotransmitter receptors, or modulation of the activity of endogenous kinases and phospatases Homo sapiens
additional information the early activation of AAAD is followed by a late, longer lasting (hours) response, which is accompanied by an increase of mRNA and protein Mus musculus
additional information the early activation of AAAD is followed by a late, longer lasting (hours) response, which is accompanied by an increase of mRNA and protein Homo sapiens
phencyclidine drug acting on glutamatergic receptor type enhances AAAD activity Rattus norvegicus
phorbol-12,13-myristic acid intracerebroventricularly injection enhances the enzyme activity, a response, that can be blocked by selective inhibitors of protein kinase A Mus musculus
pimozide enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute treatment with the D2-like receptor antagonist Rattus norvegicus
protein kinase A phosphorylates and activates AAAD in vitro Mus musculus
remoxipride enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute treatment with the D2-like receptor antagonist Rattus norvegicus
SCH 23390 enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute and chronic treatment with the D1-like receptor antagonist Rattus norvegicus
SKF 38393 enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by chronic treatment with the D1-like receptor agonist Rattus norvegicus
spiperone drug acting on serotonerg receptor type enhances AAAD activity Mus musculus
spiperone enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute and chronic treatment with the D2-like receptor antagonist Rattus norvegicus
sulpiride enhanced AAAD activity by in the striatum by acute and chronic treatment with the D2-like receptor antagonist Rattus norvegicus
Way 100635 drug acting on serotonerg receptor type enhances AAAD activity Mus musculus

Application

Application Comment Organism
medicine therapy of Parkinson disease Mus musculus
medicine therapy of Parkinson disease Homo sapiens
medicine therapy of Parkinson disease Rattus norvegicus

Inhibitors

Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine MPTP, after 7 days of treatment, AAAD activities are decreased by more than 50% in the mouse striatum Mus musculus
7-hydroxy-N,N-di-n-propyl-2-aminotetralin reduced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute treatment with the D2-like receptor agonist Rattus norvegicus
apomorphine inhibition in rat striatum Rattus norvegicus
bromocryptine reduced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute and chronic treatment with the D2-like receptor agonist Rattus norvegicus
Clorgyline reduced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute treatment with the dopamine receptor indirect agonist Rattus norvegicus
L-Dopa 20.3% decrease in activity in corpus striatum following a 2 years treatment Homo sapiens
L-Dopa reduced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute and chronic treatment with the dopamine receptor indirect agonist Rattus norvegicus
additional information diminished AAAD activity in dopaminergic cells that overexpress alpha-sinuclein Homo sapiens
additional information dopamine receptor activation decreases AAAD activity Rattus norvegicus
Pargyline reduced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute treatment with the dopamine receptor indirect agonist Rattus norvegicus
quinpirole reduced AAAD activity in the striatum by chronic treatment with the D2-like receptor agonist Rattus norvegicus

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine Mus musculus L-dopa, levodopa, substrate alleviates the clinical symptoms of Parkinson disease Dopamine + CO2
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine Homo sapiens L-dopa, levodopa, substrate alleviates the clinical symptoms of Parkinson disease Dopamine + CO2
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine Rattus norvegicus L-dopa, levodopa, substrate alleviates the clinical symptoms of Parkinson disease Dopamine + CO2
-
?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Homo sapiens
-
-
-
Mus musculus
-
-
-
Rattus norvegicus
-
-
-

Posttranslational Modification

Posttranslational Modification Comment Organism
phosphoprotein plays a role in the activation of the enzyme in vivo Mus musculus
phosphoprotein plays a role in the activation of the enzyme in vivo Homo sapiens
phosphoprotein plays a role in the activation of the enzyme in vivo Rattus norvegicus

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
brain
-
Homo sapiens
-
corpus striatum
-
Mus musculus
-
corpus striatum
-
Rattus norvegicus
-
locus ceruleus
-
Mus musculus
-
locus ceruleus
-
Rattus norvegicus
-
midbrain
-
Mus musculus
-
midbrain
-
Rattus norvegicus
-
raphe nucleus
-
Mus musculus
-
raphe nucleus
-
Rattus norvegicus
-
retina
-
Mus musculus
-
retina
-
Homo sapiens
-
retina
-
Rattus norvegicus
-
substantia nigra
-
Mus musculus
-
substantia nigra
-
Rattus norvegicus
-

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] Comment Organism
additional information
-
altered enzyme activity and regulation contributes to the decreasing therapeutic response of L-dopa Homo sapiens
additional information
-
enzyme activity is closely associated with substrate response and is a determining factor for the formation of dopamine Mus musculus
additional information
-
enzyme activity is closely associated with substrate response and is a determining factor for the formation of dopamine Homo sapiens
additional information
-
enzyme activity is closely associated with substrate response and is a determining factor for the formation of dopamine Rattus norvegicus
additional information
-
in striatum and retina, kinetic activation of AAAD is rapid, short-lasting and characterized by changes in the apparent Vmax for both the substrate and the cofactor pyridoxal 5'-phosphate Mus musculus
additional information
-
in striatum and retina, kinetic activation of AAAD is rapid, short-lasting and characterized by changes in the apparent Vmax for both the substrate and the cofactor pyridoxal 5'-phosphate Rattus norvegicus

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine L-dopa, levodopa, substrate alleviates the clinical symptoms of Parkinson disease Mus musculus Dopamine + CO2
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine L-dopa, levodopa, substrate alleviates the clinical symptoms of Parkinson disease Homo sapiens Dopamine + CO2
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine L-dopa, levodopa, substrate alleviates the clinical symptoms of Parkinson disease Rattus norvegicus Dopamine + CO2
-
?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
5-hydroxytryptophan hydroxylase
-
Mus musculus
5-hydroxytryptophan hydroxylase
-
Homo sapiens
5-hydroxytryptophan hydroxylase
-
Rattus norvegicus
AAAD
-
Mus musculus
AAAD
-
Homo sapiens
AAAD
-
Rattus norvegicus
Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase
-
Mus musculus
Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase
-
Homo sapiens
Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase
-
Rattus norvegicus
DOPA decarboxylase
-
Mus musculus
DOPA decarboxylase
-
Homo sapiens
DOPA decarboxylase
-
Rattus norvegicus
Tryptophan decarboxylase
-
Mus musculus
Tryptophan decarboxylase
-
Homo sapiens
Tryptophan decarboxylase
-
Rattus norvegicus

Cofactor

Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
-
Mus musculus
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
-
Homo sapiens
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
-
Rattus norvegicus