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Literature summary for 4.1.3.16 extracted from
- 2-keto-4-Hydroxyglutarate aldolase: purification of the homogeneous enzyme from bovine kidney (1992), J. Biol. Chem., 267, 10507-10514.
Activating Compound
| Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2-mercaptoethanol | activates kidney enzyme | Bos taurus |  |
| 2-mercaptoethanol | 50 mM, enhances activity 2fold | Bos taurus | |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| dithiodipyridine | kidney enzyme | Bos taurus | |
| Hg2+ | 100% inhibition at 1 microM; kidney enzyme, complete inhibition at 1 mM | Bos taurus | |
| Mn2+ | 65% inhibition at 10 mM; kidney enzyme, 65% inhibition at 10 mM | Bos taurus | |
| additional information | not inhibitory: mercaptoethanol, EDTA, 1,10-phenanthroline, alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl, or 8-hydroxyquinoline up to 10 mM | Bos taurus | |
| NaBH4 | incubation of the enzyme with either pyruvate or glyoxylate in the presence of NaBH4 causes extensive loss of aldolase activity concomitant with stable binding of about 1.0-1.5 mol of substrate/mol of enzyme | Bos taurus | |
| p-mercuribenzoate | kidney enzyme | Bos taurus | |
| sulfhydryl-reacting reagents | - |
Bos taurus |
KM Value [mM]
| KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.024 | - |
L-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate | pH 8.3, 37°C | Bos taurus | |
| 0.031 | - |
D-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate | pH 8.3, 37°C | Bos taurus | |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | no requirement | Bos taurus |
Molecular Weight [Da]
| Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 35700 | - |
4 * 35700, SDS-PAGE | Bos taurus |
| 36000 | - |
4 * 36000, SDS-PAGE, amino acid composition, kidney enzyme | Bos taurus |
| 138000 | - |
sucrose density gradient centrifugation | Bos taurus |
| 140000 | - |
gel filtration | Bos taurus |
| 144000 | - |
gel filtration, sucrose density gradient centrifugation, kidney enzyme | Bos taurus |
| 144500 | - |
sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation | Bos taurus |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bos taurus | - |
- |
- |
| Bos taurus | - |
bovine | - |
Purification (Commentary)
| Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
- |
Bos taurus |
| kidney enzyme | Bos taurus |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| kidney | - |
Bos taurus | - |
Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]
| Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9.23 | - |
kidney enzyme | Bos taurus |
| 9.23 | - |
pH 8.4, 37°C | Bos taurus |
Storage Stability
| Storage Stability | Organism |
|---|---|
| 4¦C, Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.4, 40% saturated with ammonium sulfate, 6 months, kidney enzyme | Bos taurus |
| 4°C, in either 50 mM Tris-HCl or potassium phosphate, pH 7.4, plus 5 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, 0.02% sodium azide, 40% saturated with ammonium sulfate, 100% of initial activity for at least 6 months | Bos taurus |
| 4°C, in either 50 mM Tris-HCl or potassium phosphate, pH 7.4, plus 5 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, 0.02% sodium azide, no substantial loss of enzymatic activity for up to 1 month | Bos taurus |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate | - |
Bos taurus | pyruvate + glyoxylate | - |
r | |
| L-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate | - |
Bos taurus | pyruvate + glyoxylate | - |
r | |
| additional information | enzyme shows no stereospecificity in catalyzing the aldol cleavage of the two optical isomers of 2-keto-4-hydroxyglutarate. Enzyme also catalyzes the beta-decarboxylation of oxalacetate, its decarboxylase/aldolae activity ratio is lower than that seen with the pure enzyme from either bovine liver or Escherichia coli | Bos taurus | ? | - |
? | |
| Oxaloacetate | - |
Bos taurus | CO2 + pyruvate | - |
? | |
| pyruvate + glyoxylate | - |
Bos taurus | D-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate | - |
r | |
Subunits
| Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| tetramer | 4 * 36000, SDS-PAGE, amino acid composition, kidney enzyme | Bos taurus |
| tetramer | 4 * 35700, SDS-PAGE | Bos taurus |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8.8 | - |
- |
Bos taurus |
| 8.8 | - |
2-keto-4-hydroxyglutarate cleavage | Bos taurus |
pH Range
| pH Minimum | pH Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6.3 | - |
50% of maximum activity | Bos taurus |
| 9.6 | - |
60% of maximum activity | Bos taurus |
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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)
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