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Literature summary for 4.3.1.24 extracted from

  • Reichert, A.I.; He, X.Z.; Dixon, R.A.
    Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum): characterization of the four tobacco PAL genes and active heterotetrameric enzymes (2009), Biochem. J., 424, 233-242.
    View publication on PubMed
Search for more literature for 4.3.1.24

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
C- or N-terminal His-tagged enzymes are expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta 2 (DE3) cells Nicotiana tabacum

Inhibitors

Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
2-mercaptoethanol competitive inhibition; competitive inhibition; competitive inhibition; competitive inhibition Nicotiana tabacum

KM Value [mM]

KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
0.0364
-
 L-phenylalanine isoform PAL3, at 30°C in 50 mM Tris/HCl, pH 8.5 Nicotiana tabacum
0.0395
-
 L-phenylalanine isoform PAL2, at 30°C in 50 mM Tris/HCl, pH 8.5 Nicotiana tabacum
0.0524
-
 L-phenylalanine isoform PAL4, at 30°C in 50 mM Tris/HCl, pH 8.5 Nicotiana tabacum
0.0598
-
 L-phenylalanine isoform PAL1, at 30°C in 50 mM Tris/HCl, pH 8.5 Nicotiana tabacum

Molecular Weight [Da]

Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
70000
-
 SDS-PAGE Nicotiana tabacum
262000
-
 PAL1 with a C-terminal His-tag, gel filtration Nicotiana tabacum

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Nicotiana tabacum C6ZIA5 isoform PAL4; cultivar Xanthi
-
Nicotiana tabacum P25872 isoform PAL1; cultivar Xanthi
-
Nicotiana tabacum P35513 isoform PAL2; cultivar Xanthi
-
Nicotiana tabacum P45733 isoform PAL3; cultivar Xanthi
-

Purification (Commentary)

Purification (Comment) Organism
using the MagneHis protein purification system Nicotiana tabacum

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
leaf
-
 Nicotiana tabacum
-
petal
-
 Nicotiana tabacum
-
pith
-
 Nicotiana tabacum
-
root
-
 Nicotiana tabacum
-
stamen
-
 Nicotiana tabacum
-
stem cortex
-
 Nicotiana tabacum
-
xylem
-
 Nicotiana tabacum
-

Storage Stability

Storage Stability Organism
-80°C, storage buffer, several months, no loss of activity Nicotiana tabacum

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
L-phenylalanine
-
 Nicotiana tabacum (E)-cinnamate + NH3
-
 ?

Subunits

Subunits Comment Organism
heterotetramer
-
 Nicotiana tabacum

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
-
 Nicotiana tabacum
PAL
-
 Nicotiana tabacum
PAL1
-
 Nicotiana tabacum
PAL2
-
 Nicotiana tabacum
PAL3
-
 Nicotiana tabacum

Turnover Number [1/s]

Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
0.78
-
 L-phenylalanine isoform PAL3, at 30°C in 50 mM Tris/HCl, pH 8.5 Nicotiana tabacum
1.09
-
 L-phenylalanine isoform PAL1, at 30°C in 50 mM Tris/HCl, pH 8.5 Nicotiana tabacum
1.14
-
 L-phenylalanine isoform PAL2, at 30°C in 50 mM Tris/HCl, pH 8.5 Nicotiana tabacum
1.53
-
 L-phenylalanine isoform PAL4, at 30°C in 50 mM Tris/HCl, pH 8.5 Nicotiana tabacum

Ki Value [mM]

Ki Value [mM] Ki Value maximum [mM] Inhibitor Comment Organism Structure
3
-
 2-mercaptoethanol isoform PAL1 Nicotiana tabacum

pI Value

Organism Comment pI Value Maximum pI Value
Nicotiana tabacum isoform PAL1 with His-tag, isoelectric focusing
-
 6.8

Expression

Organism Comment Expression
Nicotiana tabacum expression of PAL transcripts peak 4 h after exposure to 0.05 mg/ml yeast elicitor, whereas 0.025 mM methyl jasmonate induction of PAL transcripts is slower up

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
metabolism L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase is the first enzyme of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis Nicotiana tabacum

kcat/KM [mM/s]

kcat/KM Value [1/mMs-1] kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs-1] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
18.28
-
 L-phenylalanine isoform PAL1, at 30°C in 50 mM Tris/HCl, pH 8.5 Nicotiana tabacum
21.1
-
 L-phenylalanine isoform PAL3, at 30°C in 50 mM Tris/HCl, pH 8.5 Nicotiana tabacum
28.93
-
 L-phenylalanine isoform PAL2, at 30°C in 50 mM Tris/HCl, pH 8.5 Nicotiana tabacum
29.09
-
 L-phenylalanine isoform PAL4, at 30°C in 50 mM Tris/HCl, pH 8.5 Nicotiana tabacum