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Literature summary for 4.3.1.24 extracted from

  • Li, W.; Yang, Y.; Qiao, C.; Zhang, G.; Luo, Y.
    Functional characterization of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase- and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase-encoding genes from Lycoris radiata, a galanthamine-producing plant (2018), Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 117, 1264-1279 .
    View publication on PubMed
Search for more literature for 4.3.1.24

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
overexpression in Escherichia coli Lycoris radiata

Inhibitors

Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
Ca2+ 1 mM, about 5% loss of activity Lycoris radiata
Cu2+ 1 mM, about 50% loss of activity Lycoris radiata
Fe2+ 1 mM, about 20% loss of activity Lycoris radiata
Fe3+ 1 mM, about 10% loss of activity Lycoris radiata
Mn2+ 1 mM, about 10% loss of activity Lycoris radiata
Na+ 1 mM, about 20% loss of activity Lycoris radiata
Zn2+ 1 mM, about 80% loss of activity Lycoris radiata

Metals/Ions

Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
Ca2+
-
 Lycoris radiata
Co2+ 1 mM, about 50% activation Lycoris radiata
K+ 1 mM, about 5% activation Lycoris radiata

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
L-phenylalanine Lycoris radiata the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of galanthamine trans-cinnamate + NH3
-
 ?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Lycoris radiata B9VU66
-
-

Purification (Commentary)

Purification (Comment) Organism
-
 Lycoris radiata

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
bulb high transcript level Lycoris radiata
-
flower the transcriptional level of LrPAL3 is positively associated with the galanthamine contents within the leaves and flowers, which suggested that the expression and function is coregulated and involved in the biosynthesis of galanthamine Lycoris radiata
-
leaf the transcriptional level of LrPAL3 is positively associated with the galanthamine contents within the leaves and flowers, which suggested that the expression and function is coregulated and involved in the biosynthesis of galanthamine Lycoris radiata
-
root low transcript level Lycoris radiata
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
3-chloro-L-phenylalanine
-
 Lycoris radiata 3-chloro-trans-cinnamate + NH3
-
 ?
4-fluoro-L-phenylalanine
-
 Lycoris radiata 4-fluoro-trans-cinnamate + NH3
-
 ?
L-phenylalanine
-
 Lycoris radiata trans-cinnamate + NH3
-
 ?
L-phenylalanine the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of galanthamine Lycoris radiata trans-cinnamate + NH3
-
 ?
trans-cinnamate + NH3
-
 Lycoris radiata L-phenylalanine
-
 ?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
LrPAL3
-
 Lycoris radiata
Phe ammonia-lyase
-
 Lycoris radiata

Temperature Optimum [°C]

Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
37
-
-
 Lycoris radiata

Temperature Range [°C]

Temperature Minimum [°C] Temperature Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
30 45 30°C: about 40% of maximal activity, 45°C: about 65% of maximal activity Lycoris radiata

pH Optimum

pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
8.5 9.5
-
 Lycoris radiata

pH Range

pH Minimum pH Maximum Comment Organism
7 11 pH 7.0: about 45% of maximal activity, pH 11.0: about 70% of maximal activity Lycoris radiata

Cofactor

Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
3,5-dihydro-5-methylidene-4H-imidazol-4-one dependent on Lycoris radiata

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
metabolism the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of galanthamine, a Amaryllidaceae alkaloid, that is a clinically used drug for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease Lycoris radiata

kcat/KM [mM/s]

kcat/KM Value [1/mMs-1] kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs-1] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
0.51
-
 L-phenylalanine pH 8.8, 37°C Lycoris radiata
0.81
-
 3-chloro-L-phenylalanine pH 8.8, 37°C Lycoris radiata
0.84
-
 4-fluoro-L-phenylalanine pH 8.8, 37°C Lycoris radiata