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Literature summary for 6.2.1.12 extracted from
- Functional characterization of evolutionarily divergent 4-coumarate:coenzyme a ligases in rice (2011), Plant Physiol., 157, 574-586.
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| gene Os4CL1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, gene structure and phylogenetic analysis | Oryza sativa |
| gene Os4CL2, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, gene structure and phylogenetic analysis | Oryza sativa |
| gene Os4CL3, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, gene structure and phylogenetic analysis | Oryza sativa |
| gene Os4CL4, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, gene structure and phylogenetic analysis | Oryza sativa |
| gene Os4CL5, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, gene structure and phylogenetic analysis | Oryza sativa |
KM Value [mM]
| KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.0022 | - |
ferulate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl2 | Oryza sativa |  |
| 0.0035 | - |
ferulate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl3 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.0039 | - |
4-coumarate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl4 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.0046 | - |
ferulate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl4 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.0049 | - |
4-coumarate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl3 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.0058 | - |
caffeate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl4 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.0069 | - |
ferulate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl5 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.0083 | - |
ferulate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl1 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.0094 | - |
cinnamate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl1 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.0103 | - |
4-coumarate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl5 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.0109 | - |
caffeate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl3 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.0119 | - |
4-coumarate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl1 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.0157 | - |
cinnamate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl4 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.0168 | - |
4-coumarate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl2 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.0217 | - |
cinnamate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl2 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.0261 | - |
caffeate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl5 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.0276 | - |
caffeate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl2 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.0282 | - |
cinnamate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl3 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.0293 | - |
caffeate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl1 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.0544 | - |
cinnamate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl5 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.0589 | - |
sinapate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl5 | Oryza sativa | |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mg2+ | required | Oryza sativa | |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA | Oryza sativa | - |
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oryza sativa | P17814 | Os4Cl1; isozyme Os4Cl1 | - |
| Oryza sativa | Q42982 | Os4Cl2; isozyme Os4Cl2 | - |
| Oryza sativa | Q67W82 | Os4Cl4; isozyme Os4Cl4 | - |
| Oryza sativa | Q6ETN3 | Os4Cl3; isozyme Os4Cl3 | - |
| Oryza sativa | Q6ZAC1 | Os4Cl5; isozyme Os4Cl5 | - |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| flower | - |
Oryza sativa | - |
| flower | in the lemma, palea, stamens, and pistil | Oryza sativa | - |
| leaf | - |
Oryza sativa | - |
| leaf | in developing vascular bundle cells as well as in parenchyma cells | Oryza sativa | - |
| additional information | Os4CL3 is expressed in thickening vascular cells and non-thickening parenchyma cells throughout rice growth, immunohistochemic in situ analysis, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR expression analysis of isozymes during growth and development, overview | Oryza sativa | - |
| additional information | quantitative reverse transcription-PCR expression analysis of isozymes during growth and development, overview | Oryza sativa | - |
| root | - |
Oryza sativa | - |
| root | exodermis and epidermis cells | Oryza sativa | - |
| stem | - |
Oryza sativa | - |
| stem | in epidermis cells and sheath parenchyma cells, in which no lignin is being synthesized | Oryza sativa | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA | - |
Oryza sativa | AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA | - |
? | |
| ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA | high activity | Oryza sativa | AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA | - |
? | |
| ATP + caffeate + CoA | - |
Oryza sativa | AMP + diphosphate + caffeoyl-CoA | - |
? | |
| ATP + caffeate + CoA | low activity | Oryza sativa | AMP + diphosphate + caffeoyl-CoA | - |
? | |
| ATP + cinnamate + CoA | - |
Oryza sativa | AMP + diphosphate + cinnamoyl-CoA | - |
? | |
| ATP + cinnamate + CoA | low activity | Oryza sativa | AMP + diphosphate + cinnamoyl-CoA | - |
? | |
| ATP + ferulate + CoA | - |
Oryza sativa | AMP + diphosphate + feruloyl-CoA | - |
? | |
| ATP + ferulate + CoA | high activity | Oryza sativa | AMP + diphosphate + feruloyl-CoA | - |
? | |
| ATP + ferulate + CoA | strong preference for ferulate by isozyme Os4CL2, high activity | Oryza sativa | AMP + diphosphate + feruloyl-CoA | - |
? | |
| ATP + sinapate + CoA | - |
Oryza sativa | AMP + diphosphate + sinapoyl-CoA | - |
? | |
| additional information | high affinity for 4-coumarate and ferulate by isozyme Os4Cl4 | Oryza sativa | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | high affinity for 4-coumarate and ferulate by isozyme Os4Cl4, no activity with sinapate | Oryza sativa | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | no activity with sinapate | Oryza sativa | ? | - |
? | |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| 4-Coumarate:coenzyme A ligase | - |
Oryza sativa |
| 4CL | - |
Oryza sativa |
| Os4Cl1 | - |
Oryza sativa |
| Os4Cl2 | - |
Oryza sativa |
| Os4Cl3 | - |
Oryza sativa |
| Os4Cl4 | - |
Oryza sativa |
| Os4Cl5 | - |
Oryza sativa |
Turnover Number [1/s]
| Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] | Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | - |
additional information | isozyme Os4CL1 displays a very low turnover rate | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.0061 | - |
cinnamate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl1 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.0068 | - |
ferulate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl1 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.0082 | - |
4-coumarate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl1 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.0087 | - |
caffeate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl1 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.014 | - |
caffeate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl5 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.017 | - |
cinnamate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl5 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.0188 | - |
cinnamate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl2 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.0213 | - |
cinnamate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl4 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.032 | - |
ferulate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl4 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.034 | - |
ferulate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl5 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.036 | - |
caffeate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl4 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.0385 | - |
ferulate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl2 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.0395 | - |
4-coumarate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl2 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.0445 | - |
caffeate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl2 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.047 | - |
4-coumarate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl4 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.048 | - |
4-coumarate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl5 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.053 | - |
sinapate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl5 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.182 | - |
cinnamate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl3 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.255 | - |
caffeate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl3 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.285 | - |
4-coumarate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl3 | Oryza sativa | |
| 0.299 | - |
ferulate | pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme Os4Cl3 | Oryza sativa | |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7.5 | - |
assay at | Oryza sativa |
Cofactor
| Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATP | - |
Oryza sativa | |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| evolution | in rice, Os4CL2 belongs to the same clade as type II 4CLs in dicots, while the rest of the 4CLs (Os4CL1/3/4/5) belongs to a separate cluster, named type III, which is distinct from the lignin-associated type I 4CLs found in dicots | Oryza sativa |
| malfunction | suppression of Os4CL3 expression results in significant lignin reduction, shorter plant growth, and other morphological changes. 4CL-suppressed transgenics also display decreased panicle fertility, which may be attributed to abnormal anther development as a result of disrupted lignin synthesis, isozyme Os4Cl3 suppressed phenotype, overview | Oryza sativa |
| metabolism | key enzyme in the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathways for monolignol and flavonoid biosynthesis | Oryza sativa |
| additional information | rice 4CL isoforms display different substrate specificities and catalytic turnover rates | Oryza sativa |
| physiological function | Os4CL3 may play a role in the synthesis of lignin as well as other phenolic compounds | Oryza sativa |
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