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Literature summary for 6.3.2.24 extracted from
- Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase A potential kyotorphin synthetase in mammals (2018), Peptides, 101, 60-68 .
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| expression in Escherichia coli | Homo sapiens |
| real-time PCR enzyme expression analysis, recombinant expression of N-terminally His6-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) | Homo sapiens |
KM Value [mM]
| KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | - |
additional information | Michaelis-Menten kinetics | Homo sapiens | |
| 0.2 | - |
L-tyrosine | pH 7.4, 37°C | Homo sapiens |  |
| 0.2 | - |
L-tyrosine | pH 7.4, 37°C, recombinant His-tagged enzyme | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.4 | - |
L-arginine | pH 7.4, 37°C | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.4 | - |
L-arginine | pH 7.4, 37°C, recombinant His-tagged enzyme | Homo sapiens | |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mg2+ | required. Assay in presence of 100 mM | Homo sapiens | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Homo sapiens | - |
- |
- |
| Mus musculus | - |
- |
- |
| Mus musculus C57BL/6 | - |
- |
- |
| Rattus norvegicus | - |
- |
- |
Purification (Commentary)
| Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| recombinant His6-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography | Homo sapiens |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| adrenal gland | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| amygdala | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| brain | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| brain | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| brain | expression pattern in mouse brain of TyrRS and KTP synthesis after Arg administration | Mus musculus | - |
| cerebellum | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| cerebral cortex | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| hippocampus | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| hypothalamus | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| medulla oblongata | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| medulla oblongata | TyrRS levels are greater in the midbrain and medulla oblongata than in other brain regions. When arginine is administered 2 h prior to brain dissection, the kyotorphin levels in these regions plus olfactory bulb significantly increase, although basal brain KTP levels remain relatively even | Mus musculus | - |
| midbrain | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| midbrain | TyrRS levels are greater in the midbrain and medulla oblongata than in other brain regions. When arginine is administered 2 h prior to brain dissection, the kyotorphin levels in these regions plus olfactory bulb significantly increase, although basal brain KTP levels remain relatively even | Mus musculus | - |
| additional information | expression in all organs tested | Homo sapiens | - |
| olfactory bulb | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| pancreas | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| pancreas | highest expression level | Homo sapiens | - |
| PC-12 cell | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| skeletal muscle | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| striatum | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| testis | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| thalamus | - |
Mus musculus | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATP + L-tyrosine + L-arginine | - |
Mus musculus | AMP + diphosphate + L-tyrosyl-L-arginine | - |
? | |
| ATP + L-tyrosine + L-arginine | - |
Homo sapiens | AMP + diphosphate + L-tyrosyl-L-arginine | - |
? | |
| ATP + L-tyrosine + L-arginine | - |
Rattus norvegicus | AMP + diphosphate + L-tyrosyl-L-arginine | - |
? | |
| ATP + L-tyrosine + L-arginine | - |
Mus musculus C57BL/6 | AMP + diphosphate + L-tyrosyl-L-arginine | - |
? | |
| additional information | recombinant hTyrRS also shows tyrosine tRNA ligase activity, cf. EC 6.1.1.1 | Mus musculus | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | recombinant hTyrRS also shows tyrosine tRNA ligase activity, cf. EC 6.1.1.1 | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | recombinant hTyrRS also shows tyrosine tRNA ligase activity, cf. EC 6.1.1.1 | Rattus norvegicus | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | recombinant hTyrRS also shows tyrosine tRNA ligase activity, cf. EC 6.1.1.1 | Mus musculus C57BL/6 | ? | - |
? | |
Subunits
| Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| ? | x * 59000, recombinant His6-tagged enzyme, SDS-PAGE | Homo sapiens |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| KTP synthetase | - |
Mus musculus |
| KTP synthetase | - |
Homo sapiens |
| KTP synthetase | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
| kyotorphin synthetase | - |
Mus musculus |
| kyotorphin synthetase | - |
Homo sapiens |
| kyotorphin synthetase | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
| TyrRS | - |
Mus musculus |
| TyrRS | - |
Homo sapiens |
Temperature Optimum [°C]
| Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37 | - |
assay at | Mus musculus |
| 37 | - |
assay at | Rattus norvegicus |
| 50 | - |
- |
Homo sapiens |
Temperature Range [°C]
| Temperature Minimum [°C] | Temperature Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37 | 70 | 60% of maximal activity at 37°C , 30% at 70°C , maximal activity at 50°C, no activity at 100°C | Homo sapiens |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7.4 | - |
- |
Homo sapiens |
pH Range
| pH Minimum | pH Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2.2 | 9.5 | KTP production is highest at pH 7.4, and is approximately half of that at pH 9.5. Production is markedly lower under acidic conditions at pH 3.8 and pH 2.2 | Homo sapiens |
Cofactor
| Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATP | - |
Mus musculus | |
| ATP | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| ATP | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| malfunction | TyrRS knockdown of PC12 cells with a small interfering RNA (siRNA) in the presence of 1.6mM tyrosine, arginine, proline, or tryptophan significantly reduces the level of KTP, but not those of tyrosine-tyrosine, tyrosine-proline, or tyrosine-tryptophan. siRNA treatment does not affect cell survival or proliferation | Rattus norvegicus |
| malfunction | when arginine is administered 2 h prior to brain dissection, the KTP levels in these regions plus olfactory bulb significantly increase, although basal brain KTP levels remain relatively even | Mus musculus |
| physiological function | tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase is a potential kyotorphin synthetase (i.e. tyrosine-arginine ligase, EC 6.3.2.24) in mammals, positive correlation across brain regions between TyrRS expression and arginine-accelerated KTP production | Mus musculus |
| physiological function | tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase is a potential kyotorphin synthetase (i.e. tyrosine-arginine ligase, EC 6.3.2.24) in mammals, positive correlation across brain regions between TyrRS expression and arginine-accelerated KTP production | Homo sapiens |
| physiological function | tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase is a potential kyotorphin synthetase (i.e. tyrosine-arginine ligase, EC 6.3.2.24) in mammals, positive correlation across brain regions between TyrRS expression and arginine-accelerated KTP production | Rattus norvegicus |
| physiological function | TyrRS knockdown of PC12 cells with siRNA in the presence of 1.6 mM tyrosine, arginine, proline, or tryptophan significantly reduces the level of product kyotorphin, but not those of tyrosine-tyrosine, tyrosine-proline, or tyrosine-tryptophan. siRNA treatment does not affect cell survival or proliferation | Homo sapiens |
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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)
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