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Literature summary for 6.4.1.1 extracted from
- Structure, function and regulation of pyruvate carboxylase (1999), Biochem. J., 340, 1-16.
No PubMed abstract available
Activating Compound
| Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| acetyl-CoA | activation by short-chain derivatives of CoA | Mammalia |  |
| L-aspartate | allosteric activator | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | |
| palmitoyl-CoA | activated by long-chain acyl-CoA derivatives | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | |
Application
| Application | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| medicine | pyruvate decarboxylase deficiency is an autosomal, recessively inherited disease, patients have less than 5% of normal enzyme activity. Four single point mutations are responsible for some forms of the disease: V145A, R451C, A610T and M743I | Homo sapiens |
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
- |
Mammalia |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2-oxoglutarate | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | |
| aspartate | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cytosol | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 5829 | - |
| mitochondrial inner membrane | - |
Mammalia | 5743 | - |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATP + pyruvate + HCO3- | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | - |
ADP + phosphate + oxaloacetate | - |
r | |
| ATP + pyruvate + HCO3- | Geobacillus stearothermophilus | - |
ADP + phosphate + oxaloacetate | - |
r | |
| ATP + pyruvate + HCO3- | Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus | - |
ADP + phosphate + oxaloacetate | - |
r | |
| ATP + pyruvate + HCO3- | Homo sapiens | - |
ADP + phosphate + oxaloacetate | - |
r | |
| ATP + pyruvate + HCO3- | Rhizobium etli | essential for normal growth | ADP + phosphate + oxaloacetate | - |
r | |
| ATP + pyruvate + HCO3- | Mammalia | role in gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, biosynthesis of neurotransmitter substances and in glucose-induced insulin secretion by pancreatic islets | ADP + phosphate + oxaloacetate | - |
r | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Geobacillus stearothermophilus | - |
- |
- |
| Homo sapiens | P11498 | - |
- |
| Mammalia | - |
- |
- |
| Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus | - |
- |
- |
| Rhizobium etli | - |
- |
- |
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae | - |
- |
- |
Posttranslational Modification
| Posttranslational Modification | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| side-chain modification | one biotin moiety is covalently attached to the side chain of a lysine residue located near the C-terminus of each protomer | Mammalia |
Reaction
| Reaction | Comment | Organism | Reaction ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATP + pyruvate + HCO3- + H+ = ADP + phosphate + oxaloacetate | mechanism | Mammalia | |
| ATP + pyruvate + HCO3- + H+ = ADP + phosphate + oxaloacetate | mechanism | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | |
| ATP + pyruvate + HCO3- + H+ = ADP + phosphate + oxaloacetate | mechanism | Geobacillus stearothermophilus | |
| ATP + pyruvate + HCO3- + H+ = ADP + phosphate + oxaloacetate | mechanism | Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus | |
| ATP + pyruvate + HCO3- + H+ = ADP + phosphate + oxaloacetate | mechanism | Rhizobium etli | |
| ATP + pyruvate + HCO3- + H+ = ADP + phosphate + oxaloacetate | mechanism | Homo sapiens |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| adipose tissue | high activity | Mammalia | - |
| adrenal gland | moderate activity | Mammalia | - |
| brain | moderate activity | Mammalia | - |
| fibroblast | low activity | Mammalia | - |
| heart | moderate activity | Mammalia | - |
| kidney | high activity | Mammalia | - |
| liver | high activity | Mammalia | - |
| mammary gland | high activity | Mammalia | - |
| pancreas | high activity | Mammalia | - |
| white blood cell | low activity | Mammalia | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATP + pyruvate + HCO3- | - |
Mammalia | ADP + phosphate + oxaloacetate | - |
r | |
| ATP + pyruvate + HCO3- | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | ADP + phosphate + oxaloacetate | - |
r | |
| ATP + pyruvate + HCO3- | - |
Geobacillus stearothermophilus | ADP + phosphate + oxaloacetate | - |
r | |
| ATP + pyruvate + HCO3- | - |
Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus | ADP + phosphate + oxaloacetate | - |
r | |
| ATP + pyruvate + HCO3- | - |
Rhizobium etli | ADP + phosphate + oxaloacetate | - |
r | |
| ATP + pyruvate + HCO3- | - |
Homo sapiens | ADP + phosphate + oxaloacetate | - |
r | |
| ATP + pyruvate + HCO3- | essential for normal growth | Rhizobium etli | ADP + phosphate + oxaloacetate | - |
r | |
| ATP + pyruvate + HCO3- | role in gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, biosynthesis of neurotransmitter substances and in glucose-induced insulin secretion by pancreatic islets | Mammalia | ADP + phosphate + oxaloacetate | - |
r | |
Subunits
| Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| More | each protomer consists of two polypeptide chains, with alpha and beta subunits arranged in an (alphabeta)4 structure | Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus |
| tetramer | four identical subunits | Mammalia |
Cofactor
| Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| biotin | activates through biotinylation of apoenzyme to holoenzyme | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | |
| biotin | activates through biotinylation of apoenzyme to holoenzyme | Geobacillus stearothermophilus | |
| biotin | activates through biotinylation of apoenzyme to holoenzyme | Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus | |
| biotin | activates through biotinylation of apoenzyme to holoenzyme | Rhizobium etli | |
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