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Literature summary extracted from
- Identification of the gene encoding hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase, an enzyme that metabolizes 4-hydroxybutyrate (2006), FEBS Lett., 580, 2347-2350.
Activating Compound
| EC Number | Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.99.24 | additional information | no effect by EDTA and EGTA | Rattus norvegicus |
Cloned(Commentary)
| EC Number | Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| 1.1.99.24 | DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, expression in HEK-293 cells as soluble protein | Mus musculus |
Inhibitors
| EC Number | Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.99.24 | 1,10-phenanthroline | IC50: 0.75 mM | Rattus norvegicus |  |
| 1.1.99.24 | cyanide | IC50: 0.075 mM | Rattus norvegicus | |
| 1.1.99.24 | additional information | no effect by EDTA and EGTA; no inhibition with EDTA, EGTA | Rattus norvegicus |
KM Value [mM]
| EC Number | KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.99.24 | additional information | - |
additional information | no activity with L-isomer of 2-hydroxybutyrate, Km for succinate semialdehyde is below 0.01 mM, 30°C, pH 7.1 | Rattus norvegicus | |
| 1.1.99.24 | 0.01 | - |
Succinic semialdehyde | below, pH 7.1, 30°C | Rattus norvegicus | |
| 1.1.99.24 | 0.06 | - |
4-hydroxybutyrate | pH 7.1, 30°C | Rattus norvegicus | |
| 1.1.99.24 | 0.06 | - |
4-hydroxybutyrate | +/- 0.006 mM, 30°C, pH 7.1 | Rattus norvegicus | |
| 1.1.99.24 | 0.067 | - |
4-hydroxybutyrate | +/-0.012 mM, in overepressed HEK cells, in presence of 0.5 mM 2-oxoglutarate | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.1.99.24 | 0.067 | - |
4-hydroxybutyrate | pH 7.1, 30°C, recombinant enzyme | Mus musculus | |
| 1.1.99.24 | 0.077 | - |
2-oxoglutarate | +/-0.009 mM, in overexpressed HEK cells, in presence of 0.1 mM 4-hydroxybutyrate | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.1.99.24 | 0.077 | - |
2-oxoglutarate | pH 7.1, 30°C, recombinant enzyme | Mus musculus | |
| 1.1.99.24 | 0.085 | - |
2-oxoglutarate | pH 7.1, 30°C | Rattus norvegicus | |
| 1.1.99.24 | 0.085 | - |
2-oxoglutarate | +/-0.007 mM, 30°C, pH 7.1 | Rattus norvegicus | |
| 1.1.99.24 | 4.5 | - |
D-2-hydroxyglutarate | pH 7.1, 30°C | Rattus norvegicus | |
| 1.1.99.24 | 4.5 | - |
D-2-hydroxybutyrate | no activity with L-isomer, 30°C, pH 7.1 | Rattus norvegicus | |
Localization
| EC Number | Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.99.24 | mitochondrion | - |
Rattus norvegicus | 5739 | - |
Metals/Ions
| EC Number | Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.99.24 | additional information | bi or trivalent, no stimulation with 0.01-0.05 mM Fe2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Mg2+ or Ca2+ | Rattus norvegicus | |
| 1.1.99.24 | additional information | not affected by 0.5 mM Fe2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+, or 1 mM Mg2+ and Ca2+ | Rattus norvegicus |
Molecular Weight [Da]
| EC Number | Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.99.24 | 45000 | 55000 | gel filtration | Rattus norvegicus |
| 1.1.99.24 | 45000 | 50000 | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
| 1.1.99.24 | 50000 | - |
1 * 50000, about, SDS-PAGE | Rattus norvegicus |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| EC Number | Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.99.24 | 4-hydroxybutyrate + 2-oxoglutarate | Homo sapiens | - |
D-2-hydroxyglutarate + succinate semialdehyde | - |
? | |
| 1.1.99.24 | 4-hydroxybutyrate + 2-oxoglutarate | Rattus norvegicus | - |
D-2-hydroxyglutarate + succinate semialdehyde | - |
? | |
| 1.1.99.24 | 4-hydroxybutyrate + 2-oxoglutarate | Rattus norvegicus | - |
succinic semialdehyde + D-2-hydroxyglutarate | - |
r | |
| 1.1.99.24 | 4-hydroxybutyrate + 2-oxoglutarate | Mus musculus | recombinant enzyme in HEK-293 cells | succinic semialdehyde + D-2-hydroxyglutarate | - |
? | |
Organism
| EC Number | Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.99.24 | Homo sapiens | - |
- |
- |
| 1.1.99.24 | Mus musculus | - |
- |
- |
| 1.1.99.24 | Rattus norvegicus | - |
- |
- |
Purification (Commentary)
| EC Number | Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| 1.1.99.24 | 1300fold, partial from liver | Rattus norvegicus |
| 1.1.99.24 | native enzyme from liver 1300fold by precipitation using PEG 6000, anion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and gel filtration | Rattus norvegicus |
Source Tissue
| EC Number | Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.99.24 | brain | low enzyme activity | Rattus norvegicus | - |
| 1.1.99.24 | heart | low enzyme activity | Rattus norvegicus | - |
| 1.1.99.24 | heart | highest activity in liver and kidney and an intermediate activity in heart | Rattus norvegicus | - |
| 1.1.99.24 | HEK-293 cell | mouse homologue expressed in | Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.1.99.24 | kidney | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| 1.1.99.24 | kidney | highest activity in liver and kidney and an intermediate activity in heart | Rattus norvegicus | - |
| 1.1.99.24 | liver | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| 1.1.99.24 | liver | highest activity in liver and kidney and an intermediate activity in heart | Rattus norvegicus | - |
| 1.1.99.24 | lung | very low enzyme activity | Rattus norvegicus | - |
| 1.1.99.24 | additional information | tissue distribution, overview | Rattus norvegicus | - |
| 1.1.99.24 | additional information | no activity in brain and skeletal muscle | Rattus norvegicus | - |
| 1.1.99.24 | skeletal muscle | low enzyme activity | Rattus norvegicus | - |
Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]
| EC Number | Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.99.24 | 0.0013 | - |
recombinant soluble enzyme in HEK-293 cells | Mus musculus |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| EC Number | Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.99.24 | 4-hydroxybutyrate + 2-oxoglutarate | - |
Homo sapiens | D-2-hydroxyglutarate + succinate semialdehyde | - |
? | |
| 1.1.99.24 | 4-hydroxybutyrate + 2-oxoglutarate | - |
Rattus norvegicus | D-2-hydroxyglutarate + succinate semialdehyde | - |
? | |
| 1.1.99.24 | 4-hydroxybutyrate + 2-oxoglutarate | - |
Mus musculus | succinic semialdehyde + D-2-hydroxyglutarate | - |
? | |
| 1.1.99.24 | 4-hydroxybutyrate + 2-oxoglutarate | - |
Rattus norvegicus | succinic semialdehyde + D-2-hydroxyglutarate | - |
r | |
| 1.1.99.24 | 4-hydroxybutyrate + 2-oxoglutarate | recombinant enzyme in HEK-293 cells | Mus musculus | succinic semialdehyde + D-2-hydroxyglutarate | - |
? | |
| 1.1.99.24 | 4-hydroxybutyrate + 2-oxoglutarate | stereospecific reaction, no activity with L-2-hydroxyglutarate | Rattus norvegicus | succinic semialdehyde + D-2-hydroxyglutarate | - |
r | |
| 1.1.99.24 | D-2-hydroxybutyrate + 2-oxoglutarate | - |
Rattus norvegicus | ? | - |
r | |
Subunits
| EC Number | Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.99.24 | monomer | 1 * 50000, about, SDS-PAGE | Rattus norvegicus |
Synonyms
| EC Number | Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.99.24 | HOT | - |
Mus musculus |
| 1.1.99.24 | HOT | - |
Homo sapiens |
| 1.1.99.24 | HOT | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
| 1.1.99.24 | transhydrogenase, hydroxy acid-oxo acid | - |
Homo sapiens |
| 1.1.99.24 | transhydrogenase, hydroxy acid-oxo acid | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
Temperature Optimum [°C]
| EC Number | Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.99.24 | 30 | - |
assay at | Mus musculus |
| 1.1.99.24 | 30 | - |
assay at | Rattus norvegicus |
pH Optimum
| EC Number | pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.99.24 | 7.1 | - |
- |
Rattus norvegicus |
| 1.1.99.24 | 7.1 | - |
assay at | Mus musculus |
| 1.1.99.24 | 7.1 | - |
assay at | Rattus norvegicus |
Cofactor
| EC Number | Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.99.24 | additional information | enzymatic activity is unaffected by NAD+ or NADP+ up to 1 mM | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.1.99.24 | additional information | enzymatic activity is unaffected by NAD+ or NADP+ up to 1 mM | Rattus norvegicus | |
| 1.1.99.24 | additional information | no requirement for NAD+ or NADP+ | Rattus norvegicus |
Ki Value [mM]
| EC Number | Ki Value [mM] | Ki Value maximum [mM] | Inhibitor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.99.24 | 0.075 | - |
cyanide | 30°C, pH 7.1 | Rattus norvegicus | |
| 1.1.99.24 | 0.75 | - |
1,10-phenanthroline | 30°C, pH 7.1 | Rattus norvegicus | |
IC50 Value
| EC Number | IC50 Value | IC50 Value Maximum | Comment | Organism | Inhibitor | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.99.24 | 0.075 | - |
IC50: 0.075 mM | Rattus norvegicus | cyanide | |
| 1.1.99.24 | 0.75 | - |
IC50: 0.75 mM | Rattus norvegicus | 1,10-phenanthroline | |
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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)
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