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Literature summary extracted from

  • Peat, T.S.; Newman, J.; Balotra, S.; Lucent, D.; Warden, A.C.; Scott, C.
    The structure of the hexameric atrazine chlorohydrolase AtzA (2015), Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D, 71, 710-720.
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
3.8.1.8 gene atzA, recombinant expression of His-tagged wild-type and mutant enzymes in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) Pseudomonas sp.

Crystallization (Commentary)

EC Number Crystallization (Comment) Organism
3.8.1.8 purified recombinant detagged wildtype and mutant enzymes, mixing of 11.6 mg/ml protein in 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, and 100 mM NaCl with a reservoir solution containing 5.5% w/v PEG 8000, 2.7% v/v diethylene glycol, 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.1 or 50 mM HEPES pH 7.3, 4.6% w/v PEG 10 000, at 8°C, resulting in two different crystal forms, X-ray diffraction structure determination and analysis at 2.8 A and 2.2 A resolution, respectively, modeling Pseudomonas sp.

Protein Variants

EC Number Protein Variants Comment Organism
3.8.1.8 A170T/M256I/P258T/Y261S commercially prepared mutant gene Pseudomonas sp.

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
3.8.1.8 Fe2+ the AtzA hexamer contains one essential Fe2+ per monomer and active site Pseudomonas sp.

Molecular Weight [Da]

EC Number Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
3.8.1.8 315000
-
 hexameric recombinant detagged enzyme, gel filtration Pseudomonas sp.

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
3.8.1.8 atrazine + H2O Pseudomonas sp.
-
 4-(ethylamino)-2-hydroxy-6-(isopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazine + chloride
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
3.8.1.8 Pseudomonas sp. P72156 gene atzA
-

Purification (Commentary)

EC Number Purification (Comment) Organism
3.8.1.8 recombinant His-tagged wild-type and mutant enzymes from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography, gel filtration, tag cleavage by by thrombin proteolysis, and again gel filtration Pseudomonas sp.

Reaction

EC Number Reaction Comment Organism Reaction ID
3.8.1.8 atrazine + H2O = hydroxyatrazine + chloride two plausible reaction mechanisms are proposed involving either bidentate (a) or mondentate (b) coordination of the atrazine Cl atom to the Fe2+ centre of the AtzA active site, comparisons, overview Pseudomonas sp.
a

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
3.8.1.8 atrazine + H2O
-
 Pseudomonas sp. 4-(ethylamino)-2-hydroxy-6-(isopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazine + chloride
-
 ?
3.8.1.8 additional information AtzA can only hydrolyze triazine halides. The relatively high Km of AtzA, which is greater than the water solubility of atrazine, leads to a less efficient catalytic rate by the enzyme compared to the alternative dimeric chlorohydrolase TrzN Pseudomonas sp. ?
-
 ?

Subunits

EC Number Subunits Comment Organism
3.8.1.8 hexamer the AtzA hexamer is a trimer of dimers, (alphabeta)3, the dimer interface is significantly larger than the individual protomer interfaces used to make up the hexamer, three-dimensional structure analysis Pseudomonas sp.

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
3.8.1.8 AtzA
-
 Pseudomonas sp.

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
3.8.1.8 evolution both enzyme AtzA and the alternative chlorohydrolase TrzN from Arthrobacter aurescens belong to the same large family of amidohydrolases, although they are so different physically and phylogenetically that it is likely that atrazine chlorohydrolase activity evolved independently in each enzyme, comparison of enzyme features, overview. In contrast to most other known hydrolytic dehalogenases, which use an active-site carboxylic acid (Asp) to displace the halide ion, the metal-dependent reaction mechanisms of AtzA and TrzN make these two enzyme lineages somewhat unusual in nature Pseudomonas sp.
3.8.1.8 metabolism the enzyme catalyzes the first and necessary step in the breakdown of atrazine by the soil organism Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP Pseudomonas sp.
3.8.1.8 additional information enzyme active site structure, overview. The channel, substrate-binding pocket and active site are comprised of His66, His68, Gln71, Phe84, Tyr85, Trp87, Leu88, Phe89, Val92, Tyr93, Asp128, Met155, Phe157, Met160, Asp161, Ile164, Gln165, Val168, Leu180, Ser182, Ile183, Met184, Ala216, Thr217, Thr219, Ala220, His243, Glu246, Asp250, His276, Leu305, Asp327, Asn328 and Ser331. Structure comparison of AtzA and the alternative chlorohydrolase TrzN from Arthrobacter aurescens, overview Pseudomonas sp.
3.8.1.8 physiological function the enzyme catalyzes dechlorination of atrazine Pseudomonas sp.