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Literature summary extracted from
- A novel geranylgeranyl reductase from the methanogenic archaeon Methanosarcinaacetivorans displays unique regiospecificity (2014), FEBS J., 281, 3165-3176 .
Cloned(Commentary)
| EC Number | Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| 1.3.7.11 | gene MA_1492, sequence comparisons, recombinant expression of N-terminally poly-His-tagged enzyme MA1492 in Escherichia coli KRX cells, which are genetically modified to produce unsaturated archaeal-type lipids, leads to production of partially saturated lipid derivatives | Methanosarcina acetivorans |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| EC Number | Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.3.7.11 | a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster | Methanosarcina acetivorans | - |
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+ | - |
? |  |
| 1.3.7.11 | a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster | Methanosarcina acetivorans DSM 2834 | - |
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+ | - |
? | |
| 1.3.7.11 | additional information | Methanosarcina acetivorans | enzyme MA1492 reacts with membrane lipid biosynthetic intermediates, i.e. geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) and geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate (GGGP), suggesting that the enzyme also reduces the intermediates | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.3.7.11 | additional information | Methanosarcina acetivorans DSM 2834 | enzyme MA1492 reacts with membrane lipid biosynthetic intermediates, i.e. geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) and geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate (GGGP), suggesting that the enzyme also reduces the intermediates | ? | - |
? | |
Organism
| EC Number | Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.3.7.11 | Methanosarcina acetivorans | Q8TQP8 | - |
- |
| 1.3.7.11 | Methanosarcina acetivorans DSM 2834 | Q8TQP8 | - |
- |
Purification (Commentary)
| EC Number | Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| 1.3.7.11 | recombinant N-terminally poly-His-tagged enzyme MA1492 from Escherichia coli strain KRX by cobalt affinity chromatography | Methanosarcina acetivorans |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| EC Number | Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.3.7.11 | a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 dithionite + 16 H+ | i.e. DGGGP-glycerol | Methanosarcina acetivorans | a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized dithionite | - |
? | |
| 1.3.7.11 | a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 dithionite + 16 H+ | i.e. DGGGP-glycerol | Methanosarcina acetivorans DSM 2834 | a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized dithionite | - |
? | |
| 1.3.7.11 | a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+ | i.e. DGGGP-glycerol | Methanosarcina acetivorans | a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster | - |
? | |
| 1.3.7.11 | a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+ | i.e. DGGGP-glycerol | Methanosarcina acetivorans DSM 2834 | a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster | - |
? | |
| 1.3.7.11 | a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster | - |
Methanosarcina acetivorans | a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+ | - |
? | |
| 1.3.7.11 | a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster | - |
Methanosarcina acetivorans DSM 2834 | a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+ | - |
? | |
| 1.3.7.11 | geranylgeraniol + reduced ferredoxin | MA1492 selectively reduces the x-double bond of a geranylgeranyl group | Methanosarcina acetivorans | 14,15-dihydrogeranylgeraniol + oxidized ferredoxin | - |
? | |
| 1.3.7.11 | additional information | enzyme MA1492 reacts with membrane lipid biosynthetic intermediates, i.e. geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) and geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate (GGGP), suggesting that the enzyme also reduces the intermediates | Methanosarcina acetivorans | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.3.7.11 | additional information | substrate specificity and regiospecificity of recombinant MA1492, overview. The enzyme is definitely specific to compounds containing C20 geranylgeranyl groups and reduces only one of four double bonds in a geranylgeranyl chain. GC-MS analysis of the product from geranylgeraniol confirms that the reduction selectively occurs on the omega-terminal double bond | Methanosarcina acetivorans | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.3.7.11 | additional information | enzyme MA1492 reacts with membrane lipid biosynthetic intermediates, i.e. geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) and geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate (GGGP), suggesting that the enzyme also reduces the intermediates | Methanosarcina acetivorans DSM 2834 | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.3.7.11 | additional information | substrate specificity and regiospecificity of recombinant MA1492, overview. The enzyme is definitely specific to compounds containing C20 geranylgeranyl groups and reduces only one of four double bonds in a geranylgeranyl chain. GC-MS analysis of the product from geranylgeraniol confirms that the reduction selectively occurs on the omega-terminal double bond | Methanosarcina acetivorans DSM 2834 | ? | - |
? | |
Subunits
| EC Number | Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.3.7.11 | ? | x * 48300, about, sequence calculation | Methanosarcina acetivorans |
Synonyms
| EC Number | Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.3.7.11 | CrtI homologue | - |
Methanosarcina acetivorans |
| 1.3.7.11 | MA1492 | - |
Methanosarcina acetivorans |
| 1.3.7.11 | MA_1492 | - |
Methanosarcina acetivorans |
| 1.3.7.11 | phytoene dehydrogenase family protein | UniProt | Methanosarcina acetivorans |
Temperature Optimum [°C]
| EC Number | Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.3.7.11 | 40 | - |
assay at | Methanosarcina acetivorans |
pH Optimum
| EC Number | pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.3.7.11 | 7 | - |
assay at | Methanosarcina acetivorans |
Cofactor
| EC Number | Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.3.7.11 | FAD | a short motif is assigned as an FAD binding site | Methanosarcina acetivorans | |
| 1.3.7.11 | Ferredoxin | - |
Methanosarcina acetivorans | |
| 1.3.7.11 | additional information | no activity with NAD(P)H, the bound flavin is reduced with dithionite but not with NAD(P)H | Methanosarcina acetivorans |
General Information
| EC Number | General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.3.7.11 | evolution | MA1492 is a distinct type of archaeal geranylgeranyl reductase that is not homologous to known geranylgeranyl reductases, but is homologous to phytoene desaturase CrtI, which is the carotenogenic enzyme that catalyzes oxidation/isomerization of phytoene to lycopene, CrtI, EC 1.3.5.6 | Methanosarcina acetivorans |
| 1.3.7.11 | physiological function | MA1492 might play a physiological role in the membrane lipid biosynthesis | Methanosarcina acetivorans |
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