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Literature summary extracted from

  • Huang, D.; Lin, W.; Deng, B.; Ren, Y.; Miao, Y.
    Dual-located WHIRLY1 interacting with LHCA1 alters photochemical activities of photosystem I and is involved in light adaptation in Arabidopsis (2017), Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18, E2352 .
    View publication on PubMed

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
1.97.1.12 PSI genes quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis Arabidopsis thaliana

Protein Variants

EC Number Protein Variants Comment Organism
1.97.1.12 additional information generation of Arabidopsis thaliana whirly1 knockout (kowhy1) and plastid-localized WHIRLY1 overexpression (oepWHY1) plants. The WHY1 knockout line (kowhy1) has a T-DNA insertion in exon1. Loss of WHIRLY1 leads to a higher photochemical quantum yield of photosystem I Y(I) and electron transport rate and a lower non-photochemical quenching involved in the thermal dissipation of excitation energy of chlorophyll fluorescence than the wild-type. Higher Y(I) in kowhy1 mutant demonstrates an elevated redox rate of P700 caused by the lack of WHY1 at an early stage of leaf senescence. Under high light conditions, both kowhy1 and ko1/3 plants show lower electron transport rate than wild-type which are contrary to that under normal light condition. Moreover, the expression of several PSI-NDH encoding genes and ERF109, which is related to jasmonate response, varies in kowhy1 under different light conditions. Mutation of WHY1 leads to the increased expression level of ERF109 and ERF13 compared to wild-type plants in response to high light treatment. ERF13 is a CE1 (coupling element 1) binding protein and confers ABA hypersensitivity in Arabidopsis thaliana Arabidopsis thaliana

Localization

EC Number Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
1.97.1.12 chloroplast
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana 9507
-
1.97.1.12 thylakoid membrane
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana 42651
-

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
1.97.1.12 reduced plastocyanin + oxidized ferredoxin + hv Arabidopsis thaliana
-
 oxidized plastocyanin + reduced ferredoxin
-
 ?
1.97.1.12 reduced plastocyanin + oxidized ferredoxin + hv Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0
-
 oxidized plastocyanin + reduced ferredoxin
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.97.1.12 Arabidopsis thaliana
-
-
-
1.97.1.12 Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0
-
-
-

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
1.97.1.12 leaf fully expanded rosette leaves Arabidopsis thaliana
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.97.1.12 reduced plastocyanin + oxidized ferredoxin + hv
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana oxidized plastocyanin + reduced ferredoxin
-
 ?
1.97.1.12 reduced plastocyanin + oxidized ferredoxin + hv
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 oxidized plastocyanin + reduced ferredoxin
-
 ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
1.97.1.12 PSI
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
1.97.1.12 Ferredoxin
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana

Expression

EC Number Organism Comment Expression
1.97.1.12 Arabidopsis thaliana protein WHY1 affects the expression of PSI-LHCI encoding genes. A large number of genes encoding the PSI core complex are upregulated in both the nucleus and plastids of overexpressing WHY1 plants (oepnWHY1), whereas the transcription level of LHCA1-6 is steady up

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
1.97.1.12 malfunction photosynthetic performance is affected in WHY1 knockout mutant under different light conditions. Loss of WHIRLY1 decreases chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase-like complex (NDH) activity and the accumulation of NDH supercomplex. Loss of WHIRLY1 leads to a higher photochemical quantum yield of photosystem I Y(I) and electron transport rate and a lower non-photochemical quenching involved in the thermal dissipation of excitation energy of chlorophyll fluorescence than the wild-type. Several genes encoding the PSI-NDH complexes are also upregulated in kowhy1 and the whirly1whirly3 double mutant (ko1/3) but steady in oepWHY1 plants. Under high light conditions, both kowhy1 and ko1/3 plants show lower electron transport rate than wild-type which are contrary to that under normal light condition. Moreover, the expression of several PSI-NDH encoding genes and ERF109, which is related to jasmonate (JA) response, varies in kowhy1 under different light conditions. Loss of WHY1 seems to increase photosystem I quantum yield but not photosystem II quantum yield, phenotype, overview. Overexpression of WHY1 in both nucleus and plastid improves the transcription level of a number of genes encoding PSI core subunits which are essential to the formation of super complexes of PSI Arabidopsis thaliana
1.97.1.12 physiological function plastid-nucleus-located WHIRLY1 protein, which plays a role in regulating leaf senescence and is believed to associate with the increase of reactive oxygen species delivered from redox state of the photosynthetic electron transport chain, interacts with light-harvesting protein complex I (LHCA1) and affects the expression of genes encoding photosystem I (PSI) and light harvest complexes (LHCI). WHY1 might not regulate the NDH-PSI super complex genes directly in transcriptional level, but have a role in the formation of NDH-PSI super complex. WHY1 in chloroplast may have a protective effect on photosystem I, and WHIRLY1 may act as a communicator between the plastids and the nucleus Arabidopsis thaliana