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Literature summary extracted from

  • Liu, Y.; Li, X.; Luo, J.; Su, T.; Si, M.; Chen, C.
    A novel mycothiol-dependent thiol-disulfide reductase in Corynebacterium glutamicum involving oxidative stress resistance (2021), 3 Biotech, 11, 372 .
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
1.8.4.15 gene ncgl2478, quantitative real-time PCR analysis, sequence comparisons, recombinant expression of His6-tagged wild-type and mutant enzymes in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) Corynebacterium glutamicum
5.3.4.1 gene ncgl2478, quantitative real?time PCR analysis, sequence comparisons, recombinant expression of His6-tagged wild-type and mutant enzymes in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) Corynebacterium glutamicum

Protein Variants

EC Number Protein Variants Comment Organism
1.8.4.15 C21S site-directed mutagenesis, almost inactive mutant Corynebacterium glutamicum
1.8.4.15 C24S site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows increased activity compared to wild-type enzyme with a mixed disulfide substrate Corynebacterium glutamicum
1.8.4.15 additional information ncgl2478 gene in-frame deletion increasing the size of growth inhibition zones. Site-directed mutagenesis confirms Cys24 as the resolving Cys residue, while Cys21 is the nucleophilic cysteine that is oxidized to a sulfenic acid and then forms an intramolecular disulfide bond with Cys24 or a mixed disulfide with MSH under oxidative stress Corynebacterium glutamicum
5.3.4.1 C21S site-directed mutagenesis, almost inactive mutant Corynebacterium glutamicum
5.3.4.1 C24S site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows increased activity compared to wild-type enzyme with a mixed disulfide substrate Corynebacterium glutamicum
5.3.4.1 additional information ncgl2478 gene in-frame deletion increasing the size of growth inhibition zones. Site-directed mutagenesis confirms Cys24 as the resolving Cys residue, while Cys21 is the nucleophilic cysteine that is oxidized to a sulfenic acid and then forms an intramolecular disulfide bond with Cys24 or a mixed disulfide with MSH under oxidative stress Corynebacterium glutamicum

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
1.8.4.15 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene
-
Corynebacterium glutamicum
1.8.4.15 cumene hydroperoxide
-
Corynebacterium glutamicum
1.8.4.15 hydrogen peroxide
-
Corynebacterium glutamicum
1.8.4.15 iodoacetamide
-
Corynebacterium glutamicum
1.8.4.15 sodium hypochlorite
-
Corynebacterium glutamicum
5.3.4.1 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene
-
Corynebacterium glutamicum
5.3.4.1 cumene hydroperoxide
-
Corynebacterium glutamicum
5.3.4.1 hydrogen peroxide
-
Corynebacterium glutamicum
5.3.4.1 iodoacetamide
-
Corynebacterium glutamicum
5.3.4.1 sodium hypochlorite
-
Corynebacterium glutamicum

KM Value [mM]

EC Number KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
5.3.4.1 0.46
-
HED-SSM recombinant mutant C24S, pH 7.6, 30°C Corynebacterium glutamicum
5.3.4.1 0.51
-
HED-SSM recombinant wild-type enzyme, pH 7.6, 30°C Corynebacterium glutamicum
5.3.4.1 33.69
-
HED-SSM recombinant mutant C21S, pH 7.6, 30°C Corynebacterium glutamicum

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
1.8.1.15 mycothione + NADPH + H+ Corynebacterium glutamicum
-
2 mycothiol + NADP+
-
?
5.3.4.1 HED-SSM Corynebacterium glutamicum a mixed disulfide MSH + HED
-
?
5.3.4.1 HED-SSM Corynebacterium glutamicum LMG 3730 a mixed disulfide MSH + HED
-
?
5.3.4.1 HED-SSM Corynebacterium glutamicum BCRC 11384 a mixed disulfide MSH + HED
-
?
5.3.4.1 HED-SSM Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 a mixed disulfide MSH + HED
-
?
5.3.4.1 HED-SSM Corynebacterium glutamicum JCM 1318 a mixed disulfide MSH + HED
-
?
5.3.4.1 HED-SSM Corynebacterium glutamicum NCIMB 10025 a mixed disulfide MSH + HED
-
?
5.3.4.1 HED-SSM Corynebacterium glutamicum DSM 20300 a mixed disulfide MSH + HED
-
?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.8.1.15 Corynebacterium glutamicum
-
-
-
1.8.4.15 Corynebacterium glutamicum Q8NMK6
-
-
1.8.4.15 Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 Q8NMK6
-
-
1.8.4.15 Corynebacterium glutamicum BCRC 11384 Q8NMK6
-
-
1.8.4.15 Corynebacterium glutamicum DSM 20300 Q8NMK6
-
-
1.8.4.15 Corynebacterium glutamicum JCM 1318 Q8NMK6
-
-
1.8.4.15 Corynebacterium glutamicum LMG 3730 Q8NMK6
-
-
1.8.4.15 Corynebacterium glutamicum NCIMB 10025 Q8NMK6
-
-
5.3.4.1 Corynebacterium glutamicum Q8NMK6
-
-
5.3.4.1 Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 Q8NMK6
-
-
5.3.4.1 Corynebacterium glutamicum BCRC 11384 Q8NMK6
-
-
5.3.4.1 Corynebacterium glutamicum DSM 20300 Q8NMK6
-
-
5.3.4.1 Corynebacterium glutamicum JCM 1318 Q8NMK6
-
-
5.3.4.1 Corynebacterium glutamicum LMG 3730 Q8NMK6
-
-
5.3.4.1 Corynebacterium glutamicum NCIMB 10025 Q8NMK6
-
-

Purification (Commentary)

EC Number Purification (Comment) Organism
1.8.4.15 recombinant His6-tagged wild-type and mutant enzymes from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography and gel filtration Corynebacterium glutamicum
5.3.4.1 recombinant His6-tagged wild-type and mutant enzymes from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography and gel filtration Corynebacterium glutamicum

Reaction

EC Number Reaction Comment Organism Reaction ID
1.8.4.15 a [DsbA protein] carrying a disulfide bond + a [protein] with reduced L-cysteine residues = a [DsbA protein] with reduced L-cysteine residues + a [protein] carrying a disulfide bond NCgl2478 reduces S-mycothiolated mixed disulfides and intramolecular disulfides via a monothiol-disulfide and a dithiol-disulfide exchange mechanism, respectively. NCgl2478 reduces mycothiolated mixed disulfides preferably via a monothiol mechanism. NCgl2478 reduces intramolecular disulfide bonds via a dithiol mechanism. NCgl2478 lacks oxidase activity Corynebacterium glutamicum
5.3.4.1 catalyses the rearrangement of -S-S- bonds in proteins NCgl2478 reduces S-mycothiolated mixed disulfides and intramolecular disulfides via a monothiol-disulfide and a dithiol-disulfide exchange mechanism, respectively. NCgl2478 reduces mycothiolated mixed disulfides preferably via a monothiol mechanism. NCgl2478 reduces intramolecular disulfide bonds via a dithiol mechanism. NCgl2478 lacks oxidase activity Corynebacterium glutamicum

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.8.1.15 mycothione + NADPH + H+
-
Corynebacterium glutamicum 2 mycothiol + NADP+
-
?
1.8.4.15 additional information NCgl2478 reduces S-mycothiolated mixed disulfides and intramolecular disulfides via a monothiol-disulfide and a dithiol-disulfide exchange mechanism, respectively. NCgl2478 lacks oxidase activity. HED-SSM is a mixed disulfide between monothiol-disulfide (MSH) and 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide (HED) and a substrate of the enzyme. The enzyme performs reduction of insulin occurring via a dithiol mechanism Corynebacterium glutamicum ?
-
-
1.8.4.15 additional information NCgl2478 reduces S-mycothiolated mixed disulfides and intramolecular disulfides via a monothiol-disulfide and a dithiol-disulfide exchange mechanism, respectively. NCgl2478 lacks oxidase activity. HED-SSM is a mixed disulfide between monothiol-disulfide (MSH) and 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide (HED) and a substrate of the enzyme. The enzyme performs reduction of insulin occurring via a dithiol mechanism Corynebacterium glutamicum LMG 3730 ?
-
-
1.8.4.15 additional information NCgl2478 reduces S-mycothiolated mixed disulfides and intramolecular disulfides via a monothiol-disulfide and a dithiol-disulfide exchange mechanism, respectively. NCgl2478 lacks oxidase activity. HED-SSM is a mixed disulfide between monothiol-disulfide (MSH) and 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide (HED) and a substrate of the enzyme. The enzyme performs reduction of insulin occurring via a dithiol mechanism Corynebacterium glutamicum BCRC 11384 ?
-
-
1.8.4.15 additional information NCgl2478 reduces S-mycothiolated mixed disulfides and intramolecular disulfides via a monothiol-disulfide and a dithiol-disulfide exchange mechanism, respectively. NCgl2478 lacks oxidase activity. HED-SSM is a mixed disulfide between monothiol-disulfide (MSH) and 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide (HED) and a substrate of the enzyme. The enzyme performs reduction of insulin occurring via a dithiol mechanism Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 ?
-
-
1.8.4.15 additional information NCgl2478 reduces S-mycothiolated mixed disulfides and intramolecular disulfides via a monothiol-disulfide and a dithiol-disulfide exchange mechanism, respectively. NCgl2478 lacks oxidase activity. HED-SSM is a mixed disulfide between monothiol-disulfide (MSH) and 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide (HED) and a substrate of the enzyme. The enzyme performs reduction of insulin occurring via a dithiol mechanism Corynebacterium glutamicum JCM 1318 ?
-
-
1.8.4.15 additional information NCgl2478 reduces S-mycothiolated mixed disulfides and intramolecular disulfides via a monothiol-disulfide and a dithiol-disulfide exchange mechanism, respectively. NCgl2478 lacks oxidase activity. HED-SSM is a mixed disulfide between monothiol-disulfide (MSH) and 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide (HED) and a substrate of the enzyme. The enzyme performs reduction of insulin occurring via a dithiol mechanism Corynebacterium glutamicum NCIMB 10025 ?
-
-
1.8.4.15 additional information NCgl2478 reduces S-mycothiolated mixed disulfides and intramolecular disulfides via a monothiol-disulfide and a dithiol-disulfide exchange mechanism, respectively. NCgl2478 lacks oxidase activity. HED-SSM is a mixed disulfide between monothiol-disulfide (MSH) and 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide (HED) and a substrate of the enzyme. The enzyme performs reduction of insulin occurring via a dithiol mechanism Corynebacterium glutamicum DSM 20300 ?
-
-
5.3.4.1 HED-SSM a mixed disulfide Corynebacterium glutamicum MSH + HED
-
?
5.3.4.1 HED-SSM a mixed disulfide Corynebacterium glutamicum LMG 3730 MSH + HED
-
?
5.3.4.1 HED-SSM a mixed disulfide Corynebacterium glutamicum BCRC 11384 MSH + HED
-
?
5.3.4.1 HED-SSM a mixed disulfide Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 MSH + HED
-
?
5.3.4.1 HED-SSM a mixed disulfide Corynebacterium glutamicum JCM 1318 MSH + HED
-
?
5.3.4.1 HED-SSM a mixed disulfide Corynebacterium glutamicum NCIMB 10025 MSH + HED
-
?
5.3.4.1 HED-SSM a mixed disulfide Corynebacterium glutamicum DSM 20300 MSH + HED
-
?
5.3.4.1 additional information NCgl2478 reduces S-mycothiolated mixed disulfides and intramolecular disulfides via a monothiol-disulfide and a dithiol-disulfide exchange mechanism, respectively. NCgl2478 lacks oxidase activity. HED-SSM is a mixed disulfide between monothiol-disulfide (MSH) and 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide (HED) and a substrate of the enzyme. The enzyme performs reduction of insulin occurred via a dithiol mechanism Corynebacterium glutamicum ?
-
-
5.3.4.1 additional information NCgl2478 reduces S-mycothiolated mixed disulfides and intramolecular disulfides via a monothiol-disulfide and a dithiol-disulfide exchange mechanism, respectively. NCgl2478 lacks oxidase activity. HED-SSM is a mixed disulfide between monothiol-disulfide (MSH) and 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide (HED) and a substrate of the enzyme. The enzyme performs reduction of insulin occurred via a dithiol mechanism Corynebacterium glutamicum LMG 3730 ?
-
-
5.3.4.1 additional information NCgl2478 reduces S-mycothiolated mixed disulfides and intramolecular disulfides via a monothiol-disulfide and a dithiol-disulfide exchange mechanism, respectively. NCgl2478 lacks oxidase activity. HED-SSM is a mixed disulfide between monothiol-disulfide (MSH) and 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide (HED) and a substrate of the enzyme. The enzyme performs reduction of insulin occurred via a dithiol mechanism Corynebacterium glutamicum BCRC 11384 ?
-
-
5.3.4.1 additional information NCgl2478 reduces S-mycothiolated mixed disulfides and intramolecular disulfides via a monothiol-disulfide and a dithiol-disulfide exchange mechanism, respectively. NCgl2478 lacks oxidase activity. HED-SSM is a mixed disulfide between monothiol-disulfide (MSH) and 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide (HED) and a substrate of the enzyme. The enzyme performs reduction of insulin occurred via a dithiol mechanism Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 ?
-
-
5.3.4.1 additional information NCgl2478 reduces S-mycothiolated mixed disulfides and intramolecular disulfides via a monothiol-disulfide and a dithiol-disulfide exchange mechanism, respectively. NCgl2478 lacks oxidase activity. HED-SSM is a mixed disulfide between monothiol-disulfide (MSH) and 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide (HED) and a substrate of the enzyme. The enzyme performs reduction of insulin occurred via a dithiol mechanism Corynebacterium glutamicum JCM 1318 ?
-
-
5.3.4.1 additional information NCgl2478 reduces S-mycothiolated mixed disulfides and intramolecular disulfides via a monothiol-disulfide and a dithiol-disulfide exchange mechanism, respectively. NCgl2478 lacks oxidase activity. HED-SSM is a mixed disulfide between monothiol-disulfide (MSH) and 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide (HED) and a substrate of the enzyme. The enzyme performs reduction of insulin occurred via a dithiol mechanism Corynebacterium glutamicum NCIMB 10025 ?
-
-
5.3.4.1 additional information NCgl2478 reduces S-mycothiolated mixed disulfides and intramolecular disulfides via a monothiol-disulfide and a dithiol-disulfide exchange mechanism, respectively. NCgl2478 lacks oxidase activity. HED-SSM is a mixed disulfide between monothiol-disulfide (MSH) and 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide (HED) and a substrate of the enzyme. The enzyme performs reduction of insulin occurred via a dithiol mechanism Corynebacterium glutamicum DSM 20300 ?
-
-

Subunits

EC Number Subunits Comment Organism
1.8.4.15 More formation of an intramolecular disulfide bond Cys21-Cys24 in the enzyme structure under oxidative stress Corynebacterium glutamicum
5.3.4.1 More formation of an intramolecular disulfide bond Cys21-Cys24 in the enzyme structure under oxidative stress Corynebacterium glutamicum

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
1.8.1.15 MTR
-
Corynebacterium glutamicum
1.8.4.15 More see also EC 5.3.4.1 and EC 1.8.1.15 Corynebacterium glutamicum
1.8.4.15 MSH-dependent thiol-disulfide reductase
-
Corynebacterium glutamicum
1.8.4.15 mycothiol-dependent thiol-disulfide reductase
-
Corynebacterium glutamicum
1.8.4.15 ncgl2478
-
Corynebacterium glutamicum
1.8.4.15 thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase
-
Corynebacterium glutamicum
5.3.4.1 dithiol-disulfide isomerase
-
Corynebacterium glutamicum
5.3.4.1 More see also EC 1.8.4.2 Corynebacterium glutamicum
5.3.4.1 ncgl2478
-
Corynebacterium glutamicum
5.3.4.1 thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase
-
Corynebacterium glutamicum

Temperature Optimum [°C]

EC Number Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
1.8.4.15 30
-
assay at Corynebacterium glutamicum
5.3.4.1 30
-
assay at Corynebacterium glutamicum

Turnover Number [1/s]

EC Number Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
5.3.4.1 0.0009
-
HED-SSM recombinant mutant C21S, pH 7.6, 30°C Corynebacterium glutamicum
5.3.4.1 8.55
-
HED-SSM recombinant wild-type enzyme, pH 7.6, 30°C Corynebacterium glutamicum
5.3.4.1 11.37
-
HED-SSM recombinant mutant C24S, pH 7.6, 30°C Corynebacterium glutamicum

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
1.8.4.15 7.6
-
assay at Corynebacterium glutamicum
5.3.4.1 7.6
-
assay at Corynebacterium glutamicum

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
1.8.1.15 NADPH dependent on Corynebacterium glutamicum

Expression

EC Number Organism Comment Expression
1.8.4.15 Corynebacterium glutamicum ncgl2478 expression is induced in the stress-responsive extra-cytoplasmic function-sigma (ECF-sigma) factor SigH-dependent manner by stress. SigH positively regulates NCgl2478 expression in Corynebacterium glutamicum. SigH directly activates the expression of ncgl2478 by specifically recognizing an operator within the ncgl2478 promoter region up
5.3.4.1 Corynebacterium glutamicum ncgl2478 expression is induced in the stress-responsive extra-cytoplasmic function-sigma (ECF-sigma) factor SigH-dependent manner by stress. SigH positively regulates NCgl2478 expression in Corynebacterium glutamicum. SigH directly activates the expression of ncgl2478 by specifically recognizing an operator within the ncgl2478 promoter region up

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
1.8.4.15 malfunction deletion of the ncgl2478 gene increases the size of growth inhibition zones. Site-directed mutagenesis confirms Cys24 as the resolving Cys residue, while Cys21 is the nucleophilic cysteine that is oxidized to a sulfenic acid and then forms an intramolecular disulfide bond with Cys24 or a mixed disulfide with MSH under oxidative stress Corynebacterium glutamicum
1.8.4.15 metabolism the enzyme receives electrons preferentially from the mycothiol (MSH)/mycothione reductase (Mtr)/NADPH pathway, see EC 5.3.4.1 and EC 1.8.1.15 Corynebacterium glutamicum
1.8.4.15 additional information the enzyme preserves a Cys-Pro-Phe-Cys active-site motif, which is presumed to be an exclusive characteristic of the DsbA-mycoredoxin 1 (Mrx1, EC 1.20.4.3) cluster. Cys24 is the resolving Cys residue, while Cys21 is the nucleophilic cysteine that is oxidized to a sulfenic acid and then forms an intramolecular disulfide bond with Cys24 or a mixed disulfide with MSH under oxidative stress Corynebacterium glutamicum
1.8.4.15 physiological function enzyme NCgl2478 plays an important role in stress resistance. The enzyme receives electrons preferentially from the mycothiol (MSH)/mycothione reductase (Mtr, EC 1.8.1.15)/NADPH pathway. NCgl2478 protects against various stresses by acting as an MSH-dependent thiol-disulfide reductase, belonging to a DsbA-Mrx1 cluster Corynebacterium glutamicum
5.3.4.1 malfunction deletion of the ncgl2478 gene increases the size of growth inhibition zones. Site-directed mutagenesis confirms Cys24 as the resolving Cys residue, while Cys21 is the nucleophilic cysteine that is oxidized to a sulfenic acid and then forms an intramolecular disulfide bond with Cys24 or a mixed disulfide with MSH under oxidative stress Corynebacterium glutamicum
5.3.4.1 metabolism the enzyme receives electrons preferentially from the mycothiol (MSH)/mycothione reductase (Mtr)/NADPH pathway Corynebacterium glutamicum
5.3.4.1 additional information the enzyme preserves a Cys-Pro-Phe-Cys active-site motif, which is presumed to be an exclusive characteristic of the DsbA-mycoredoxin 1 (Mrx1) cluster. Cys24 is the resolving Cys residue, while Cys21 is the nucleophilic cysteine that is oxidized to a sulfenic acid and then forms an intramolecular disulfide bond with Cys24 or a mixed disulfide with MSH under oxidative stress Corynebacterium glutamicum
5.3.4.1 physiological function enzyme NCgl2478 plays an important role in stress resistance. The enzyme receives electrons preferentially from the mycothiol (MSH)/mycothione reductase (Mtr)/NADPH pathway. NCgl2478 protects against various stresses by acting as an MSH-dependent thiol-disulfide reductase, belonging to a DsbA-Mrx1 cluster Corynebacterium glutamicum

kcat/KM [mM/s]

EC Number kcat/KM Value [1/mMs-1] kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs-1] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
5.3.4.1 0.000027
-
HED-SSM recombinant mutant C21S, pH 7.6, 30°C Corynebacterium glutamicum
5.3.4.1 16.77
-
HED-SSM recombinant wild-type enzyme, pH 7.6, 30°C Corynebacterium glutamicum
5.3.4.1 24.72
-
HED-SSM recombinant mutant C24S, pH 7.6, 30°C Corynebacterium glutamicum