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Organism related
Word Map for Organism Vitis vinifera
- Vitis vinifera
- berry
- anthocyanins
- vineyard
- proanthocyanidins
- aroma
- resveratrol
- vine
- ripening
- sauvignon
-
winemaking
-
cabernet
- cinerea
- mildew
-
pomace
- botrytis
- stilbene
- catechin
-
procyanidins
- amurensis
-
flavan-3-ols
-
bunch
- fastidiosa
- necator
-
varietal
- flavanols
-
ochratoxin
- strawberry
- cranberry
- gallate
- phytoalexins
- peach
- dentin
- almond
-
downy
- plum
- pomegranate
- blueberry
- xylella
-
so2
-
pierce
-
fruity
- bacillaris
- mannoproteins
-
astringency
-
polyphenol-rich
- sirt1
- trichocarpa
- kiwifruit
- geraniol
- enamel
TaxTree of Organism Vitis vinifera
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EC NUMBER 
COMMENTARY 
-
preliminary BRENDA-supplied EC number
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
PATHWAY
BRENDA Link
KEGG Link
MetaCyc Link
(-)-maackiain biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-2464
(-)-medicarpin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-2463
(1,4)-beta-D-xylan degradation
-
-
PWY-6717
(3R)-linalool biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7709
(3S)-linalool biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7141
(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosa-4,7,10,13,16-pentaenoate biosynthesis II (4-desaturase)
-
-
PWY-7728
(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosapentaenoate biosynthesis (6-desaturase)
-
-
PWY-7726
(9Z)-tricosene biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7035
(aminomethyl)phosphonate degradation
-
-
PWY-7805
(R)-cysteate degradation
-
-
PWY-6642
(S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen
-
-
PWY-8086
(S)-propane-1,2-diol degradation
-
-
PWY-7013
(S)-reticuline biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-3581
(S)-reticuline biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY-6133
1,3-beta-D-glucan biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6773
1,3-dimethylbenzene degradation to 3-methylbenzoate
-
-
PWY-5428
1,3-propanediol biosynthesis (engineered)
-
-
PWY-7385
1,4-dimethylbenzene degradation to 4-methylbenzoate
-
-
PWY-5429
1,5-anhydrofructose degradation
-
-
PWY-6992
1,8-cineole degradation
-
-
6-HYDROXYCINEOLE-DEGRADATION-PWY
1-butanol autotrophic biosynthesis (engineered)
-
-
PWY-6886
1-methylpyrrolinium biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5315
11-oxyandrogens biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-8202
15-epi-lipoxin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY66-393
1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthesis III (Spirodela polyrrhiza)
-
-
PWY-4661
1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthesis IV (Dictyostelium)
-
-
PWY-6372
2'-deoxymugineic acid phytosiderophore biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5912
2,3-cis-flavanols biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6035
2,3-dihydroxybenzoate biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5901
2,3-trans-flavanols biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6029
2,5-xylenol and 3,5-xylenol degradation
-
-
PWY-7698
2-arachidonoylglycerol biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-8052
2-carboxy-1,4-naphthoquinol biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5837
2-deoxy-D-glucose 6-phosphate degradation
-
-
PWY-8121
2-methylpropene degradation
-
-
PWY-7778
24-epi-campesterol, fucosterol, and clionasterol biosynthesis (diatoms)
-
-
PWY-8238
3,5-dimethoxytoluene biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7076
3,8-divinyl-chlorophyllide a biosynthesis I (aerobic, light-dependent)
-
-
CHLOROPHYLL-SYN
3,8-divinyl-chlorophyllide a biosynthesis III (aerobic, light independent)
-
-
PWY-7159
3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5886
3-chlorotoluene degradation II
-
-
PWY-6104
3-dehydroquinate biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-6164
3-methyl-branched fatty acid alpha-oxidation
-
-
PWY66-387
3-methylbutanol biosynthesis (engineered)
-
-
PWY-6871
3-phosphoinositide biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6352
3-phosphoinositide degradation
-
-
PWY-6368
4-aminobutanoate degradation V
-
-
PWY-5022
4-coumarate degradation (aerobic)
-
-
PWY-8002
4-coumarate degradation (anaerobic)
-
-
PWY-7046
4-hydroxy-2(1H)-quinolone biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6661
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal detoxification
-
-
PWY-7112
4-hydroxybenzoate biosynthesis I (eukaryotes)
-
-
PWY-5754
4-hydroxybenzoate biosynthesis III (plants)
-
-
PWY-6435
4-nitrophenol degradation I
-
-
PWY-5487
4-nitrophenol degradation II
-
-
PWY-5488
5-deoxystrigol biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7101
6-gingerol analog biosynthesis (engineered)
-
-
PWY-6920
6-hydroxymethyl-dihydropterin diphosphate biosynthesis
-
-
6-hydroxymethyl-dihydropterin diphosphate biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-6147
6-hydroxymethyl-dihydropterin diphosphate biosynthesis IV (Plasmodium)
-
-
PWY-7852
7-dehydroporiferasterol biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7155
9-lipoxygenase and 9-allene oxide synthase pathway
-
-
PWY-5407
abscisic acid biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-695
acacetin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5119
acetaldehyde biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-6333
acetaldehyde biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY-6330
acetone degradation I (to methylglyoxal)
-
-
PWY-5451
acetone degradation III (to propane-1,2-diol)
-
-
PWY-7466
acetylene degradation (anaerobic)
-
-
P161-PWY
acridone alkaloid biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5958
acyl carrier protein activation
-
-
PWY-6012-1
acyl carrier protein metabolism
-
-
PWY-6012
adenine and adenosine salvage I
-
-
P121-PWY
adenine and adenosine salvage II
-
-
PWY-6605
adenine and adenosine salvage III
-
-
PWY-6609
adenine and adenosine salvage V
-
-
PWY-6611
adenine salvage
-
-
PWY-6610
adenosine nucleotides degradation I
-
-
PWY-6596
adenosine nucleotides degradation II
-
-
SALVADEHYPOX-PWY
adenosine ribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7219
aerobic respiration I (cytochrome c)
-
-
PWY-3781
aerobic respiration II (cytochrome c) (yeast)
-
-
PWY-7279
aerobic respiration III (alternative oxidase pathway)
-
-
PWY-4302
alkane oxidation
-
-
PWY-2724
all-trans-farnesol biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6859
alpha-amyrin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5377
alpha-carotene biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5946
alpha-linolenate metabolites biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-8398
alpha-tomatine degradation
-
-
PWY18C3-5
Amaryllidacea alkaloids biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7826
ammonia assimilation cycle I
-
-
PWY-6963
ammonia assimilation cycle II
-
-
PWY-6964
ammonia assimilation cycle III
-
-
AMMASSIM-PWY
ammonia oxidation II (anaerobic)
-
-
P303-PWY
amygdalin and prunasin degradation
-
-
PWY-6011
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol)
-
-
PWY-7383
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial)
-
-
PWY-7384
anandamide biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-8051
anandamide biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY-8053
anandamide lipoxygenation
-
-
PWY-8056
androgen biosynthesis
-
-
PWY66-378
anthocyanidin acylglucoside and acylsambubioside biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7679
anthocyanidin modification (Arabidopsis)
-
-
PWY-7450
anthocyanidin sambubioside biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7678
anthocyanin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5125
anthocyanin biosynthesis (delphinidin 3-O-glucoside)
-
-
PWY-5153
anthocyanin biosynthesis (pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside)
-
-
PWY-7267
apratoxin A biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-8361
arachidonate biosynthesis I (6-desaturase, lower eukaryotes)
-
-
PWY-5353
arachidonate biosynthesis III (6-desaturase, mammals)
-
-
PWY-7592
arachidonate biosynthesis IV (8-detaturase, lower eukaryotes)
-
-
PWY-7601
arachidonate biosynthesis V (8-detaturase, mammals)
-
-
PWY-7725
arachidonate metabolites biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-8397
Arg/N-end rule pathway (eukaryotic)
-
-
PWY-7799
arginine dependent acid resistance
-
-
PWY0-1299
aromatic biogenic amine degradation (bacteria)
-
-
PWY-7431
aromatic polyketides biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6316
arsenate detoxification I
-
-
PWY-8264
arsenic detoxification (mammals)
-
-
PWY-4202
arsenic detoxification (plants)
-
-
PWY-8259
arsenic detoxification (yeast)
-
-
PWY-4621
arsenite to oxygen electron transfer
-
-
PWY-4521
arsenite to oxygen electron transfer (via azurin)
-
-
PWY-7429
ascorbate glutathione cycle
-
-
PWY-2261
ascorbate recycling (cytosolic)
-
-
PWY-6370
aspirin triggered resolvin D biosynthesis
-
-
PWY66-395
aspirin triggered resolvin E biosynthesis
-
-
PWY66-394
assimilatory sulfate reduction I
-
-
SO4ASSIM-PWY
assimilatory sulfate reduction III
-
-
PWY-6683
ATP biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7980
atromentin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7518
avenanthramide biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-8157
bacilysin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7626
backdoor pathway of androgen biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-8200
bacterial bioluminescence
-
-
PWY-7723
baicalein degradation (hydrogen peroxide detoxification)
-
-
PWY-7214
benzoate biosynthesis II (CoA-independent, non-beta-oxidative)
-
-
PWY-6444
beta-(1,4)-mannan degradation
-
-
PWY-7456
beta-1,4-D-mannosyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine degradation
-
-
PWY-7586
beta-alanine biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-3981
beta-carboline biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5877
beta-carotene biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5943
beta-caryophyllene biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6275
beta-cubebene biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6290
beta-D-glucuronide and D-glucuronate degradation
-
-
PWY-7247
betalamic acid biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5394
betanidin degradation
-
-
PWY-5461
betaxanthin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5426
betaxanthin biosynthesis (via dopamine)
-
-
PWY-5403
Bifidobacterium shunt
-
-
P124-PWY
bile acid biosynthesis, neutral pathway
biochanin A conjugates interconversion
-
-
PWY-2861
bisabolene biosynthesis (engineered)
-
-
PWY-7102
bryostatin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-8047
bupropion degradation
-
-
PWY66-241
butanol and isobutanol biosynthesis (engineered)
-
-
PWY-7396
C20 prostanoid biosynthesis
-
-
PWY66-374
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type
-
-
PWY-7115
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NADP-ME type
-
-
PWY-241
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, PEPCK type
-
-
PWY-7117
caffeine biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-5037
caffeine biosynthesis II (via paraxanthine)
-
-
PWY-5038
caffeine degradation III (bacteria, via demethylation)
-
-
PWY-6538
caffeoylglucarate biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6673
Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle
-
-
CALVIN-PWY
camalexin biosynthesis
-
-
CAMALEXIN-SYN
canavanine biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5
canavanine degradation
-
-
PWY-31
capsaicin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5710
capsiconiate biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6027
carotenoid cleavage
-
-
PWY-6806
catecholamine biosynthesis
CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-5667
CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY0-1319
CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthesis III
-
-
PWY-5981
cellulose and hemicellulose degradation (cellulolosome)
-
-
PWY-6784
cellulose biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-1001
cellulose degradation II (fungi)
-
-
PWY-6788
ceramide and sphingolipid recycling and degradation (yeast)
-
-
PWY-7119
ceramide de novo biosynthesis
-
-
PWY3DJ-12
ceramide degradation (generic)
-
-
PWY-6483
ceramide degradation by alpha-oxidation
-
-
PWY66-388
chitin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6981
chitin deacetylation
-
-
PWY-7118
chitin degradation I (archaea)
-
-
PWY-6855
chitin degradation II (Vibrio)
-
-
PWY-6902
chitin degradation III (Serratia)
-
-
PWY-7822
chlorobactene biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7939
chlorogenic acid biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-6039
chlorogenic acid biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY-6040
chlorogenic acid degradation
-
-
PWY-6781
chlorophyll a degradation I
-
-
PWY-5098
chlorophyll a degradation II
-
-
PWY-6927
chlorophyll a degradation III
-
-
PWY-7164
chlorpyrifos degradation
-
-
PWY-8065
cholesterol biosynthesis (algae, late side-chain reductase)
-
-
PWY-8191
cholesterol biosynthesis (diatoms)
-
-
PWY-8239
cholesterol biosynthesis (plants, early side-chain reductase)
-
-
PWY18C3-1
cholesterol biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY66-341
cholesterol biosynthesis II (via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol)
-
-
PWY66-3
cholesterol biosynthesis III (via desmosterol)
-
-
PWY66-4
cholesterol degradation to androstenedione I (cholesterol oxidase)
-
-
PWY-6945
cholesterol degradation to androstenedione II (cholesterol dehydrogenase)
-
-
PWY-6946
choline biosynthesis III
-
-
PWY-3561
chorismate biosynthesis from 3-dehydroquinate
-
-
PWY-6163
cinnamoyl-CoA biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6457
cis-zeatin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-2781
CMP-legionaminate biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-6749
CO2 fixation into oxaloacetate (anaplerotic)
-
-
PWYQT-4429
coenzyme M biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY-6643
coumarin biosynthesis (via 2-coumarate)
-
-
PWY-5176
coumarins biosynthesis (engineered)
-
-
PWY-7398
creatine phosphate biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6158
crepenynate biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6013
curacin A biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-8358
curcuminoid biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6432
cutin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-321
cyanide detoxification I
-
-
ASPSYNII-PWY
cyclic electron flow
-
-
PWY-8270
cytokinin-O-glucosides biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-2902
cytosolic NADPH production (yeast)
-
-
PWY-7268
D-arabinose degradation V
-
-
PWY-8334
D-cycloserine biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7274
D-galactose degradation IV
-
-
PWY-6693
D-galacturonate degradation IV
-
-
PWY-6491
D-gluconate degradation
-
-
GLUCONSUPER-PWY
D-sorbitol biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-5054
D-sorbitol degradation I
-
-
PWY-4101
D-xylose degradation to ethylene glycol (engineered)
-
-
PWY-7178
daidzein conjugates interconversion
-
-
PWY-2343
daphnetin modification
-
-
PWY-7055
degradation of aromatic, nitrogen containing compounds
-
-
detoxification of reactive carbonyls in chloroplasts
-
-
PWY-6786
di-homo-gamma-linolenate metabolites biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-8396
di-myo-inositol phosphate biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6664
diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol biosynthesis
-
-
TRIGLSYN-PWY
diacylglycerol biosynthesis (PUFA enrichment in oilseed)
-
-
PWY-6804
diethylphosphate degradation
-
-
PWY-5491
dipicolinate biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-8088
dissimilatory sulfate reduction I (to hydrogen sufide))
-
-
DISSULFRED-PWY
diterpene phytoalexins precursors biosynthesis
divinyl ether biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY-5409
docosahexaenoate biosynthesis I (lower eukaryotes)
-
-
PWY-7053
docosahexaenoate biosynthesis III (6-desaturase, mammals)
-
-
PWY-7606
docosahexaenoate biosynthesis IV (4-desaturase, mammals)
-
-
PWY-7727
docosahexaenoate metabolites biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-8400
dolabralexins biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7994
dopamine degradation
-
-
PWY6666-2
drosopterin and aurodrosopterin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7442
dTMP de novo biosynthesis (mitochondrial)
-
-
PWY66-385
dZTP biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-8289
echinatin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6325
ent-kaurene biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-5032
enterobactin biosynthesis
Entner-Doudoroff pathway I
-
-
PWY-8004
Entner-Doudoroff pathway II (non-phosphorylative)
-
-
NPGLUCAT-PWY
Entner-Doudoroff pathway III (semi-phosphorylative)
-
-
PWY-2221
ephedrine biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5883
epoxysqualene biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5670
ergosterol biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-6075
ergosterol biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY-7154
ergothioneine biosynthesis I (bacteria)
-
-
PWY-7255
erythritol biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-8372
erythritol biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY-8373
erythro-tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-5663
erythromycin D biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7106
ethanol degradation I
-
-
ETOH-ACETYLCOA-ANA-PWY
ethanol degradation II
-
-
PWY66-21
ethanol degradation III
-
-
PWY66-161
ethanol degradation IV
-
-
PWY66-162
ethanolamine utilization
-
-
PWY0-1477
ethene biosynthesis I (plants)
-
-
ETHYL-PWY
ethene biosynthesis II (microbes)
-
-
PWY-6853
ethene biosynthesis III (microbes)
-
-
PWY-6854
ethene biosynthesis IV (engineered)
-
-
PWY-7126
ethene biosynthesis V (engineered)
-
-
PWY-7124
farnesene biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5725
farnesylcysteine salvage pathway
-
-
PWY-6577
fatty acid alpha-oxidation I (plants)
-
-
PWY-2501
fatty acid biosynthesis initiation (mitochondria)
-
-
PWY66-429
fatty acid biosynthesis initiation (plant mitochondria)
-
-
PWY-6799
fatty acid biosynthesis initiation (type I)
-
-
PWY-5966-1
fatty acid biosynthesis initiation (type II)
-
-
PWY-4381
Fe(II) oxidation
-
-
PWY-6692
ferrichrome A biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7571
firefly bioluminescence
-
-
PWY-7913
flavonoid biosynthesis
-
-
PWY1F-FLAVSYN
flavonoid biosynthesis (in equisetum)
-
-
PWY-6787
flavonoid di-C-glucosylation
-
-
PWY-7897
flavonol acylglucoside biosynthesis I - kaempferol derivatives
-
-
PWY-7168
flavonol acylglucoside biosynthesis III - quercetin derivatives
-
-
PWY-7172
flavonol biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-3101
flexixanthin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7947
fluoroacetate and fluorothreonine biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6644
folate transformations I
-
-
PWY-2201
folate transformations II (plants)
-
-
PWY-3841
folate transformations III (E. coli)
-
-
1CMET2-PWY
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway)
-
-
PWY-1622
formaldehyde assimilation II (assimilatory RuMP Cycle)
-
-
PWY-1861
formaldehyde assimilation III (dihydroxyacetone cycle)
-
-
P185-PWY
formaldehyde oxidation I
-
-
RUMP-PWY
formaldehyde oxidation II (glutathione-dependent)
-
-
PWY-1801
formate to nitrite electron transfer
-
-
PWY0-1585
formononetin conjugates interconversion
-
-
PWY-2904
fructan degradation
-
-
PWY-862
GABA shunt I
-
-
GLUDEG-I-PWY
GABA shunt II
-
-
PWY-8346
gamma-glutamyl cycle
-
-
PWY-4041
gamma-linolenate biosynthesis II (animals)
-
-
PWY-6000
GDP-alpha-D-glucose biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5661
GDP-L-fucose biosynthesis II (from L-fucose)
-
-
PWY-6
GDP-mannose biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5659
genistein conjugates interconversion
-
-
PWY-2345
gentiodelphin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5307
geosmin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5950
geraniol and geranial biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5829
geranyl acetate biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5835
geranyl diphosphate biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5122
germacrene biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5733
gibberellin biosynthesis III (early C-13 hydroxylation)
-
-
PWY-5035
gibberellin inactivation I (2beta-hydroxylation)
-
-
PWY-102
ginsenosides biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5672
gliotoxin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7533
gluconeogenesis I
-
-
GLUCONEO-PWY
gluconeogenesis II (Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum)
-
-
PWY-6142
gluconeogenesis III
-
-
PWY66-399
glucose and glucose-1-phosphate degradation
-
-
GLUCOSE1PMETAB-PWY
glucose degradation (oxidative)
-
-
DHGLUCONATE-PYR-CAT-PWY
glucosinolate biosynthesis from dihomomethionine
-
-
PWYQT-4471
glucosinolate biosynthesis from hexahomomethionine
-
-
PWYQT-4475
glucosinolate biosynthesis from homomethionine
-
-
PWY-1187
glucosinolate biosynthesis from pentahomomethionine
-
-
PWYQT-4474
glucosinolate biosynthesis from phenylalanine
-
-
PWY-2821
glucosinolate biosynthesis from tetrahomomethionine
-
-
PWYQT-4473
glucosinolate biosynthesis from trihomomethionine
-
-
PWYQT-4472
glucosinolate biosynthesis from tryptophan
-
-
PWY-601
glucosinolate biosynthesis from tyrosine
-
-
PWY-7901
glucosylglycerol biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7902
glutaminyl-tRNAgln biosynthesis via transamidation
-
-
PWY-5921
glutathione biosynthesis
-
-
GLUTATHIONESYN-PWY
glutathione-mediated detoxification I
-
-
PWY-4061
glutathione-mediated detoxification II
-
-
PWY-6842
glutathione-peroxide redox reactions
-
-
PWY-4081
glycerol degradation I
-
-
PWY-4261
glycerol degradation II
-
-
PWY-6131
glycerol degradation to butanol
-
-
PWY-7003
glycerol degradation V
-
-
GLYCEROLMETAB-PWY
glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle
-
-
PWY-6118
glycerol-3-phosphate to cytochrome bo oxidase electron transfer
-
-
PWY0-1561
glycerol-3-phosphate to fumarate electron transfer
-
-
PWY0-1582
glycerol-3-phosphate to hydrogen peroxide electron transport
-
-
PWY0-1591
glycerophosphodiester degradation
-
-
PWY-6952
glycine biosynthesis II
-
-
GLYCINE-SYN2-PWY
glycine cleavage
-
-
GLYCLEAV-PWY
glycogen biosynthesis I (from ADP-D-Glucose)
-
-
GLYCOGENSYNTH-PWY
glycogen biosynthesis II (from UDP-D-Glucose)
-
-
PWY-5067
glycogen biosynthesis III (from alpha-maltose 1-phosphate)
-
-
PWY-7900
glycogen degradation I
-
-
GLYCOCAT-PWY
glycogen degradation II
-
-
PWY-5941
glycolysis I (from glucose 6-phosphate)
-
-
GLYCOLYSIS
glycolysis II (from fructose 6-phosphate)
-
-
PWY-5484
glycolysis III (from glucose)
-
-
ANAGLYCOLYSIS-PWY
glycolysis IV
-
-
PWY-1042
glycolysis V (Pyrococcus)
-
-
P341-PWY
glyoxylate cycle
-
-
GLYOXYLATE-BYPASS
glyphosate degradation III
-
-
PWY-7807
gossypol biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5773
guaiacol biosynthesis
-
-
PWY18C3-23
guanine and guanosine salvage I
-
-
PWY-6620
guanosine nucleotides degradation I
-
-
PWY-6607
guanosine nucleotides degradation II
-
-
PWY-6606
guanosine nucleotides degradation III
-
-
PWY-6608
guanosine ribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7221
heme b biosynthesis I (aerobic)
-
-
HEME-BIOSYNTHESIS-II
heme degradation I
-
-
PWY-5874
heparan sulfate biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6558
hesperitin glycoside biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5105
heterolactic fermentation
-
-
P122-PWY
hexaprenyl diphosphate biosynthesis
-
-
HEXPPSYN-PWY
histamine biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6173
histamine degradation
-
-
PWY-6181
homocysteine and cysteine interconversion
-
-
PWY-801
homoglutathione biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6840
homospermidine biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-5907
homospermidine biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY-8149
hyaluronan degradation
-
-
PWY-7645
hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis II (mammalian)
-
-
PWY66-426
hydrogen to fumarate electron transfer
-
-
PWY0-1576
hydroxycinnamic acid serotonin amides biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5473
hydroxycinnamic acid tyramine amides biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5474
hydroxylated fatty acid biosynthesis (plants)
-
-
PWY-6433
hypoglycin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5826
hypotaurine degradation
-
-
PWY-7387
icosapentaenoate biosynthesis I (lower eukaryotes)
-
-
PWY-6958
icosapentaenoate biosynthesis II (6-desaturase, mammals)
-
-
PWY-7049
icosapentaenoate biosynthesis III (8-desaturase, mammals)
-
-
PWY-7724
icosapentaenoate biosynthesis V (8-desaturase, lower eukaryotes)
-
-
PWY-7602
icosapentaenoate metabolites biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-8399
incomplete reductive TCA cycle
-
-
P42-PWY
indole glucosinolate activation (intact plant cell)
-
-
PWYQT-4477
indole-3-acetate biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY-581
indole-3-acetate biosynthesis VI (bacteria)
-
-
TRPIAACAT-PWY
indole-3-acetate inactivation IX
-
-
PWY-1741
inosine 5'-phosphate degradation
-
-
PWY-5695
inulin degradation
-
-
PWY-8314
ipsdienol biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7410
isoflavonoid biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-2002
isoprene biosynthesis II (engineered)
-
-
PWY-7391
isorenieratene biosynthesis I (actinobacteria)
-
-
PWY-7938
jadomycin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6679
jasmonic acid biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-735
juniperonate biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7619
justicidin B biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6824
kaempferol gentiobioside biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7143
kaempferol glycoside biosynthesis (Arabidopsis)
-
-
PWY-5320
kaempferol triglucoside biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5348
kauralexin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6887
ketogenesis
-
-
PWY66-367
L-alanine biosynthesis II
-
-
ALANINE-SYN2-PWY
L-alanine degradation II (to D-lactate)
-
-
ALACAT2-PWY
L-alanine degradation III
-
-
ALANINE-DEG3-PWY
L-alanine degradation IV
-
-
PWY1-2
L-alanine degradation V (oxidative Stickland reaction)
-
-
PWY-8189
L-alanine degradation VI (reductive Stickland reaction)
-
-
PWY-8188
L-arabinose degradation II
-
-
PWY-5515
L-arginine biosynthesis I (via L-ornithine)
-
-
ARGSYN-PWY
L-arginine biosynthesis II (acetyl cycle)
-
-
ARGSYNBSUB-PWY
L-arginine biosynthesis III (via N-acetyl-L-citrulline)
-
-
PWY-5154
L-arginine biosynthesis IV (archaea)
-
-
PWY-7400
L-arginine degradation I (arginase pathway)
-
-
ARGASEDEG-PWY
L-arginine degradation III (arginine decarboxylase/agmatinase pathway)
-
-
PWY0-823
L-arginine degradation IV (arginine decarboxylase/agmatine deiminase pathway)
-
-
ARGDEG-III-PWY
L-arginine degradation IX (arginine:pyruvate transaminase pathway)
-
-
PWY-5742
L-arginine degradation V (arginine deiminase pathway)
-
-
ARGDEGRAD-PWY
L-arginine degradation VI (arginase 2 pathway)
-
-
ARG-PRO-PWY
L-arginine degradation VII (arginase 3 pathway)
-
-
ARG-GLU-PWY
L-arginine degradation VIII (arginine oxidase pathway)
-
-
ARGDEG-IV-PWY
L-arginine degradation X (arginine monooxygenase pathway)
-
-
ARGDEG-V-PWY
L-arginine degradation XI
-
-
PWY-5024
L-arginine degradation XII
-
-
PWY-7523
L-arginine degradation XIII (reductive Stickland reaction)
-
-
PWY-8187
L-arginine degradation XIV (oxidative Stickland reaction)
-
-
PWY-6344
L-ascorbate biosynthesis IV (animals, D-glucuronate pathway)
-
-
PWY3DJ-35471
L-ascorbate biosynthesis V (euglena, D-galacturonate pathway)
-
-
PWY-6415
L-ascorbate biosynthesis VI (plants, myo-inositol pathway)
-
-
PWY-8142
L-ascorbate biosynthesis VII (plants, D-galacturonate pathway)
-
-
PWY-8143
L-ascorbate biosynthesis VIII (engineered pathway)
-
-
PWY-7165
L-ascorbate degradation II (bacterial, aerobic)
-
-
PWY-6961
L-ascorbate degradation III
-
-
PWY-6960
L-ascorbate degradation IV
-
-
PWY-6704
L-asparagine biosynthesis III (tRNA-dependent)
-
-
PWY490-4
L-asparagine degradation I
-
-
ASPARAGINE-DEG1-PWY
L-asparagine degradation III (mammalian)
-
-
ASPARAGINE-DEG1-PWY-1
L-aspartate biosynthesis
-
-
ASPARTATESYN-PWY
L-aspartate degradation I
-
-
ASPARTATE-DEG1-PWY
L-aspartate degradation II (aerobic)
-
-
PWY-8291
L-aspartate degradation III (anaerobic)
-
-
PWY-8294
L-carnitine degradation II
-
-
PWY-3641
L-citrulline biosynthesis
-
-
CITRULBIO-PWY
L-citrulline degradation
-
-
CITRULLINE-DEG-PWY
L-cysteine biosynthesis I
-
-
CYSTSYN-PWY
L-cysteine biosynthesis III (from L-homocysteine)
-
-
HOMOCYSDEGR-PWY
L-cysteine biosynthesis VI (reverse transsulfuration)
-
-
PWY-I9
L-cysteine biosynthesis VII (from S-sulfo-L-cysteine)
-
-
PWY-7870
L-dopa and L-dopachrome biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6481
L-dopa degradation I (mammalian)
-
-
PWY-6334
L-dopa degradation II (bacterial)
-
-
PWY-8110
L-glutamate biosynthesis I
-
-
GLUTSYN-PWY
L-glutamate biosynthesis V
-
-
PWY-4341
L-glutamate degradation I
-
-
GLUTAMATE-DEG1-PWY
L-glutamate degradation II
-
-
GLUTDEG-PWY
L-glutamate degradation IX (via 4-aminobutanoate)
-
-
PWY0-1305
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate)
-
-
P162-PWY
L-glutamate degradation VI (to pyruvate)
-
-
PWY-5087
L-glutamate degradation XI (reductive Stickland reaction)
-
-
PWY-8190
L-glutamine biosynthesis I
-
-
GLNSYN-PWY
L-glutamine degradation I
-
-
GLUTAMINDEG-PWY
L-glutamine degradation II
-
-
GLUTAMINEFUM-PWY
L-histidine degradation V
-
-
PWY-5031
L-homocysteine biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5344
L-idonate degradation
-
-
IDNCAT-PWY
L-isoleucine degradation II
-
-
PWY-5078
L-leucine biosynthesis
-
-
LEUSYN-PWY
L-leucine degradation III
-
-
PWY-5076
L-leucine degradation IV (reductive Stickland reaction)
-
-
PWY-7767
L-lysine biosynthesis I
-
-
DAPLYSINESYN-PWY
L-lysine biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY-2941
L-lysine biosynthesis III
-
-
PWY-2942
L-lysine biosynthesis VI
-
-
PWY-5097
L-malate degradation I
-
-
PWY-7685
L-malate degradation II
-
-
PWY-7686
L-methionine biosynthesis I
-
-
HOMOSER-METSYN-PWY
L-methionine biosynthesis III
-
-
HSERMETANA-PWY
L-methionine degradation I (to L-homocysteine)
-
-
METHIONINE-DEG1-PWY
L-methionine degradation III
-
-
PWY-5082
L-methionine salvage cycle II (plants)
-
-
PWY-7270
L-methionine salvage from L-homocysteine
-
-
ADENOSYLHOMOCYSCAT-PWY
L-Ndelta-acetylornithine biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6922
L-ornithine biosynthesis II
-
-
ARGININE-SYN4-PWY
L-phenylalanine biosynthesis I
-
-
PHESYN
L-phenylalanine biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY-3462
L-phenylalanine degradation II (anaerobic)
-
-
ANAPHENOXI-PWY
L-phenylalanine degradation III
-
-
PWY-5079
L-phenylalanine degradation IV (mammalian, via side chain)
-
-
PWY-6318
L-phenylalanine degradation VI (reductive Stickland reaction)
-
-
PWY-8014
L-proline biosynthesis I (from L-glutamate)
-
-
PROSYN-PWY
L-proline degradation I
-
-
PROUT-PWY
L-serine biosynthesis I
-
-
SERSYN-PWY
L-serine biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY-8011
L-threonine degradation III (to methylglyoxal)
-
-
THRDLCTCAT-PWY
L-tryptophan biosynthesis
-
-
TRPSYN-PWY
L-tryptophan degradation IV (via indole-3-lactate)
-
-
TRPKYNCAT-PWY
L-tryptophan degradation V (side chain pathway)
-
-
PWY-3162
L-tryptophan degradation VI (via tryptamine)
-
-
PWY-3181
L-tryptophan degradation VIII (to tryptophol)
-
-
PWY-5081
L-tryptophan degradation X (mammalian, via tryptamine)
-
-
PWY-6307
L-tryptophan degradation XIII (reductive Stickland reaction)
-
-
PWY-8017
L-tyrosine biosynthesis I
-
-
TYRSYN
L-tyrosine biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY-3461
L-tyrosine biosynthesis III
-
-
PWY-6120
L-tyrosine degradation I
-
-
TYRFUMCAT-PWY
L-tyrosine degradation II
-
-
PWY-5151
L-tyrosine degradation III
-
-
PWY3O-4108
L-tyrosine degradation IV (to 4-methylphenol)
-
-
PWY-7514
L-tyrosine degradation V (reductive Stickland reaction)
-
-
PWY-8016
L-valine degradation II
-
-
PWY-5057
lacinilene C biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5828
lanosterol biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6132
leucodelphinidin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5152
leucopelargonidin and leucocyanidin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY1F-823
leukotriene biosynthesis
-
-
PWY66-375
limonene degradation IV (anaerobic)
-
-
PWY-8029
linalool biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-7182
linamarin degradation
-
-
PWY-3121
linoleate biosynthesis I (plants)
-
-
PWY-5995
linoleate metabolites biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-8395
linustatin bioactivation
-
-
PWY-7091
lipid A-core biosynthesis (E. coli K-12)
-
-
LIPA-CORESYN-PWY
lipid IVA biosynthesis (2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-D-glucopyranose-containing)
-
-
PWY2B4Q-4
lipid IVA biosynthesis (E. coli)
-
-
NAGLIPASYN-PWY
lipid IVA biosynthesis (generic)
-
-
PWY-8283
lipid IVA biosynthesis (H. pylori)
-
-
PWYI-14
lipid IVA biosynthesis (P. gingivalis)
-
-
PWY-8245
lipid IVA biosynthesis (P. putida)
-
-
PWY-8073
lipid IVA biosynthesis (Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 El Tor)
-
-
PWY2G6Z-2
lipoate biosynthesis and incorporation I
-
-
PWY0-501
lipoate biosynthesis and incorporation II
-
-
PWY0-1275
lipoate biosynthesis and incorporation III (Bacillus)
-
-
PWY-6987
lipoate biosynthesis and incorporation IV (yeast)
-
-
PWY-7382
lipoate biosynthesis and incorporation V (mammals)
-
-
PWY0-501-1
lipoxin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY66-392
long chain fatty acid ester synthesis (engineered)
-
-
PWY-6873
lotaustralin degradation
-
-
PWY-6002
lupeol biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-112
lutein biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5947
luteolin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5060
luteolin triglucuronide degradation
-
-
PWY-7445
lychnose and isolychnose biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6524
m-cresol degradation
-
-
M-CRESOL-DEGRADATION-PWY
maackiain conjugates interconversion
-
-
PWY-2701
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
MALATE-ASPARTATE-SHUTTLE-PWY
manganese oxidation I
-
-
PWY-6591
mangrove triterpenoid biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6109
mannitol cycle
-
-
PWY-6531
mannitol degradation II
-
-
PWY-3861
maresin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-8356
matairesinol biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5466
medicarpin conjugates interconversion
-
-
PWY-2561
melatonin degradation I
-
-
PWY-6398
melatonin degradation II
-
-
PWY-6399
melibiose degradation
-
-
PWY0-1301
Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum biosynthetic metabolism
-
-
PWY-6146
methanofuran biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5254
methanol oxidation to formaldehyde IV
-
-
PWY-5506
methyl indole-3-acetate interconversion
-
-
PWY-6303
methyl parathion degradation
-
-
PWY-5489
methyl phomopsenoate biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7721
methylaspartate cycle
methylerythritol phosphate pathway I
-
-
NONMEVIPP-PWY
methylerythritol phosphate pathway II
-
-
PWY-7560
methylglyoxal degradation I
-
-
PWY-5386
methylglyoxal degradation III
-
-
PWY-5453
methylglyoxal degradation VIII
-
-
PWY-5386-1
methylhalides biosynthesis (plants)
-
-
PWY-6730
methylsalicylate degradation
-
-
PWY18C3-24
mevalonate degradation
-
-
PWY-5074
mevalonate pathway I (eukaryotes and bacteria)
-
-
PWY-922
mevalonate pathway II (haloarchaea)
-
-
PWY-6174
mevalonate pathway III (Thermoplasma)
-
-
PWY-7524
mevalonate pathway IV (archaea)
-
-
PWY-8125
mitochondrial L-carnitine shuttle
-
-
PWY-6111
mitochondrial NADPH production (yeast)
-
-
PWY-7269
mixed acid fermentation
-
-
FERMENTATION-PWY
momilactone A biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7477
mono-trans, poly-cis decaprenyl phosphate biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6383
monoterpene biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-3041
mucin core 3 and core 4 O-glycosylation
-
-
PWY-7435
mupirocin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-8012
mycobactin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY185E-1
mycolate biosynthesis
-
-
PWYG-321
mycothiol biosynthesis
-
-
PWY1G-0
myo-inositol biosynthesis
myricetin gentiobioside biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7140
myxol-2' fucoside biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6279
N-3-oxalyl-L-2,3-diaminopropanoate biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-8071
NAD biosynthesis from nicotinamide
-
-
NAD-BIOSYNTHESIS-III
NAD phosphorylation and dephosphorylation
-
-
NADPHOS-DEPHOS-PWY
NAD salvage (plants)
-
-
PWY-5381
NAD salvage pathway III (to nicotinamide riboside)
-
-
NAD-BIOSYNTHESIS-II
NAD salvage pathway V (PNC V cycle)
-
-
PWY3O-4107
NAD(P)/NADPH interconversion
-
-
PWY-5083
NADH to cytochrome bd oxidase electron transfer I
-
-
PWY0-1334
NADH to cytochrome bo oxidase electron transfer I
-
-
PWY0-1335
NADH to fumarate electron transfer
-
-
PWY0-1336
NADPH to cytochrome c oxidase via plastocyanin
-
-
PWY-8271
naringenin biosynthesis (engineered)
-
-
PWY-7397
naringenin glycoside biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5094
neolinustatin bioactivation
-
-
PWY-7092
nepetalactone biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-8069
nicotine degradation IV
-
-
PWY66-201
nicotine degradation V
-
-
PWY66-221
nitrate reduction I (denitrification)
-
-
DENITRIFICATION-PWY
nitrate reduction II (assimilatory)
-
-
PWY-381
nitrate reduction IX (dissimilatory)
-
-
PWY0-1581
nitrate reduction VII (denitrification)
-
-
PWY-6748
nitrate reduction X (dissimilatory, periplasmic)
-
-
PWY0-1584
nitric oxide biosynthesis II (mammals)
-
-
PWY-4983
nitrifier denitrification
-
-
PWY-7084
nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation
-
-
PWY-6523
nitroethane degradation
-
-
PWY-5355
nitrogen fixation I (ferredoxin)
-
-
N2FIX-PWY
nitrogen remobilization from senescing leaves
-
-
PWY-6549
nocardicin A biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7797
noradrenaline and adrenaline degradation
-
-
PWY-6342
nucleoside and nucleotide degradation (archaea)
-
-
PWY-5532
o-diquinones biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6752
octane oxidation
octopamine biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7297
okenone biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7591
oleandomycin activation/inactivation
-
-
PWY-6972
oleate biosynthesis II (animals and fungi)
-
-
PWY-5996
oleate biosynthesis III (cyanobacteria)
-
-
PWY-7587
oleoresin sesquiterpene volatiles biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5425
ophthalmate biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-8043
oxalate degradation IV
-
-
PWY-6697
palmitate biosynthesis I (type I fatty acid synthase)
-
-
PWY-5994
palmitoleate biosynthesis III (cyanobacteria)
-
-
PWY-7589
palmitoleate biosynthesis IV (fungi and animals)
-
-
PWY3O-1801
palmitoyl ethanolamide biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-8055
paraoxon degradation
-
-
PWY-5490
parathion degradation
-
-
PARATHION-DEGRADATION-PWY
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs)
-
-
PWY-5913
patulin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7490
pectin degradation I
-
-
PWY-7246
pectin degradation II
-
-
PWY-7248
pederin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-8049
pentachlorophenol degradation
-
-
PCPDEG-PWY
pentacyclic triterpene biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7251
pentose phosphate pathway (non-oxidative branch) I
-
-
NONOXIPENT-PWY
pentose phosphate pathway (non-oxidative branch) II
-
-
PWY-8178
pentose phosphate pathway (oxidative branch) I
-
-
OXIDATIVEPENT-PWY
pentose phosphate pathway (partial)
-
-
P21-PWY
peptido-conjugates in tissue regeneration biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-8355
peptidoglycan biosynthesis II (staphylococci)
-
-
PWY-5265
peptidoglycan biosynthesis IV (Enterococcus faecium)
-
-
PWY-6471
peptidoglycan maturation (meso-diaminopimelate containing)
-
-
PWY0-1586
peptidoglycan recycling I
-
-
PWY0-1261
petrobactin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6289
phaselate biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6320
phenylethanol biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5751
phenylethylamine degradation I
-
-
2PHENDEG-PWY
phenylpropanoid biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-361
phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, initial reactions
-
-
PWY1F-467
phenylpropanoids methylation (ice plant)
-
-
PWY-7498
pheomelanin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7917
phloridzin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6515
phosphate acquisition
-
-
PWY-6348
phosphatidate biosynthesis (yeast)
-
-
PWY-7411
phosphatidate metabolism, as a signaling molecule
-
-
PWY-7039
phosphatidylcholine acyl editing
-
-
PWY-6803
phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY3O-450
phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY4FS-2
phosphatidylcholine resynthesis via glycerophosphocholine
-
-
PWY-7367
phosphatidylinositol biosynthesis I (bacteria)
-
-
PWY-6580
phospholipases
-
-
LIPASYN-PWY
phospholipid desaturation
-
-
PWY-762
phospholipid remodeling (phosphatidate, yeast)
-
-
PWY-7417
phospholipid remodeling (phosphatidylcholine, yeast)
-
-
PWY-7416
phospholipid remodeling (phosphatidylethanolamine, yeast)
-
-
PWY-7409
phosphopantothenate biosynthesis I
-
-
PANTO-PWY
photorespiration I
-
-
PWY-181
photosynthesis light reactions
-
-
PWY-101
photosynthetic 3-hydroxybutanoate biosynthesis (engineered)
-
-
PWY-7218
phytol degradation
-
-
PWY66-389
phytosterol biosynthesis (plants)
-
-
PWY-2541
pinitol biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-6738
pinobanksin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5059
plasmalogen biosynthesis I (aerobic)
-
-
PWY-7782
plasmalogen degradation
-
-
PWY-7783
platensimycin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-8179
poly-hydroxy fatty acids biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6710
polymethylated myricetin biosynthesis (tomato)
-
-
PWY-7160
preQ0 biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6703
proanthocyanidins biosynthesis from flavanols
-
-
PWY-641
protectin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-8357
protective electron sinks in the thylakoid membrane (PSII to PTOX)
-
-
PWY1YI0-7
protein N-glycosylation processing phase (plants and animals)
-
-
PWY-7919
protein S-nitrosylation and denitrosylation
-
-
PWY-7798
protein ubiquitination
-
-
PWY-7511
psilocybin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7936
purine deoxyribonucleosides degradation I
-
-
PWY-7179
purine deoxyribonucleosides degradation II
-
-
PWY-7179-1
purine nucleobases degradation II (anaerobic)
-
-
PWY-5497
purine ribonucleosides degradation
-
-
PWY0-1296
putrescine biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-40
putrescine biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY-43
putrescine biosynthesis III
-
-
PWY-46
putrescine degradation III
-
-
PWY-0
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate biosynthesis I
-
-
PYRIDOXSYN-PWY
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides degradation
-
-
PWY-7181
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides salvage
-
-
PWY-7199
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides biosynthesis from CTP
-
-
PWY-7210
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-7184
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY-7187
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis III
-
-
PWY-6545
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis IV
-
-
PWY-7198
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides dephosphorylation
-
-
PWY-7206
pyrimidine nucleobases salvage II
-
-
PWY-7194
pyrimidine ribonucleosides degradation
-
-
PWY0-1295
pyrimidine ribonucleosides salvage III
-
-
PWY-7195
pyruvate decarboxylation to acetyl CoA II
-
-
PWY-6970
pyruvate fermentation to (R)-lactate
-
-
PWY-8274
pyruvate fermentation to (S)-lactate
-
-
PWY-5481
pyruvate fermentation to acetate VIII
-
-
PWY-5768
pyruvate fermentation to acetoin III
-
-
PWY3O-440
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I
-
-
PWY-6583
pyruvate fermentation to ethanol I
-
-
PWY-5480
pyruvate fermentation to ethanol II
-
-
PWY-5486
pyruvate fermentation to ethanol III
-
-
PWY-6587
pyruvate fermentation to isobutanol (engineered)
-
-
PWY-7111
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I
-
-
P108-PWY
quercetin gentiotetraside biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7137
quercetin glucoside biosynthesis (Allium)
-
-
PWY-7129
quercetin glycoside biosynthesis (Arabidopsis)
-
-
PWY-5321
quercetin triglucoside biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7173
reactive oxygen species degradation
-
-
DETOX1-PWY-1
reductive TCA cycle I
-
-
P23-PWY
reductive TCA cycle II
-
-
PWY-5392
resolvin D biosynthesis
-
-
PWY66-397
resveratrol biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-84
retinoate biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-6872
retinol biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6857
ricinoleate biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7618
rose anthocyanin biosynthesis II (via cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside)
-
-
PWY-7262
rosmarinic acid biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-5048
rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY-5049
Rubisco shunt
-
-
PWY-5723
rutin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5390
rutin degradation (plants)
-
-
PWY-7134
S-(6-hydroxy-4-methylhexan-4-yl)-L-cysteinylglycine biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-8301
S-(6-hydroxy-4-methylhexan-4-yl)-L-cysteinylglycine degradation
-
-
PWY-8302
S-adenosyl-L-methionine biosynthesis
-
-
SAM-PWY
S-adenosyl-L-methionine salvage I
-
-
PWY-6151
S-adenosyl-L-methionine salvage II
-
-
PWY-5041
saframycin A biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7671
salicin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6766
salicortin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6763
salicylate biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-6406
salicylate biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY-8321
salidroside biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6802
salinosporamide A biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6627
saponin biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY-5756
sciadonate biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6598
scopoletin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6792
secologanin and strictosidine biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5290
sedoheptulose bisphosphate bypass
-
-
PWY0-1517
seleno-amino acid biosynthesis (plants)
-
-
PWY-6936
serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6030
serotonin degradation
-
-
PWY-6313
sesamin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5469
shisonin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5284
sitosterol degradation to androstenedione
-
-
PWY-6948
sophorosyloxydocosanoate deacetylation
-
-
SOPHOROSYLOXYDOCOSANOATE-DEG-PWY
sorbitol biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY-5530
sorgoleone biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5987
spermidine biosynthesis I
-
-
BSUBPOLYAMSYN-PWY
spermidine biosynthesis III
-
-
PWY-6834
spermine and spermidine degradation I
-
-
PWY-6117
spermine biosynthesis
-
-
ARGSPECAT-PWY
sphingolipid biosynthesis (mammals)
-
-
PWY-7277
sphingolipid biosynthesis (plants)
-
-
PWY-5129
sphingolipid biosynthesis (yeast)
-
-
SPHINGOLIPID-SYN-PWY
sphingomyelin metabolism
-
-
PWY3DJ-11281
sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate metabolism
-
-
PWY3DJ-11470
sporopollenin precursors biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6733
stachyose biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5337
stachyose degradation
-
-
PWY-6527
starch biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-622
starch degradation I
-
-
PWY-842
starch degradation II
-
-
PWY-6724
starch degradation III
-
-
PWY-6731
starch degradation V
-
-
PWY-6737
stearate biosynthesis I (animals)
-
-
PWY-5972
stearate biosynthesis III (fungi)
-
-
PWY3O-355
stellariose and mediose biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6525
stellatic acid biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7736
sterol biosynthesis (methylotrophs)
-
-
PWY-8026
sterol:steryl ester interconversion (yeast)
-
-
PWY-7424
stigma estolide biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6453
streptorubin B biosynthesis
-
-
PWY1A0-6120
suberin monomers biosynthesis
succinate to chytochrome c oxidase via cytochrome c6
-
-
PWY1YI0-2
succinate to cytochrome bd oxidase electron transfer
-
-
PWY0-1353
succinate to cytochrome bo oxidase electron transfer
-
-
PWY0-1329
succinate to cytochrome c oxidase via plastocyanin
-
-
PWY1YI0-3
succinate to plastoquinol oxidase
-
-
PWY1YI0-8
sucrose biosynthesis I (from photosynthesis)
-
-
SUCSYN-PWY
sucrose biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY-7238
sucrose biosynthesis III
-
-
PWY-7347
sucrose degradation I (sucrose phosphotransferase)
-
-
SUCUTIL-PWY
sucrose degradation II (sucrose synthase)
-
-
PWY-3801
sucrose degradation III (sucrose invertase)
-
-
PWY-621
sucrose degradation IV (sucrose phosphorylase)
-
-
PWY-5384
sucrose degradation V (sucrose alpha-glucosidase)
-
-
PWY66-373
sucrose degradation VII (sucrose 3-dehydrogenase)
-
-
SUCROSEUTIL2-PWY
sulfide oxidation I (to sulfur globules)
-
-
P222-PWY
sulfide oxidation III (to sulfite)
-
-
PWY-5285
sulfide oxidation IV (mitochondria)
-
-
PWY-7927
sulfite oxidation II
-
-
PWY-5279
sulfite oxidation III
-
-
PWY-5278
sulfolactate degradation III
-
-
PWY-6638
sulfur volatiles biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6736
superoxide radicals degradation
-
-
DETOX1-PWY
superpathway of anthocyanin biosynthesis (from cyanidin and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside)
-
-
PWY-5313
superpathway of fermentation (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
-
-
PWY4LZ-257
superpathway of glucose and xylose degradation
-
-
PWY-6901
superpathway of glycolysis and the Entner-Doudoroff pathway
-
-
GLYCOLYSIS-E-D
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation
-
-
PWY-561
superpathway of indole-3-acetate conjugate biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-1782
superpathway of L-aspartate and L-asparagine biosynthesis
-
-
ASPASN-PWY
superpathway of methylsalicylate metabolism
-
-
PWY18C3-25
superpathway of ornithine degradation
-
-
ORNDEG-PWY
superpathway of photosynthetic hydrogen production
-
-
PWY-7731
superpathway of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis (E. coli)
-
-
PWY0-166
syringetin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5391
taurine biosynthesis III
-
-
PWY-8359
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic)
-
-
TCA
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi)
-
-
PWY-5690
TCA cycle III (animals)
-
-
PWY66-398
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase)
-
-
P105-PWY
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase)
-
-
PWY-6969
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
-
-
REDCITCYC
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers)
-
-
PWY-7254
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia)
-
-
TCA-1
teichuronic acid biosynthesis (B. subtilis 168)
-
-
PWY-7820
tetrachloroethene degradation
-
-
PCEDEG-PWY
tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-6614
tetrahydromonapterin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY0-1433
theobromine biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-5039
theophylline degradation
-
-
PWY-6999
thiazole component of thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-6892
thiazole component of thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY-6891
thioredoxin pathway
-
-
THIOREDOX-PWY
thiosulfate disproportionation IV (rhodanese)
-
-
PWY-5350
threo-tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6983
thyroid hormone metabolism II (via conjugation and/or degradation)
-
-
PWY-6261
toluene degradation to benzoate
-
-
TOLUENE-DEG-CATECHOL-PWY
trans, trans-farnesyl diphosphate biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5123
trans-caffeate degradation (aerobic)
-
-
PWY-8003
trans-zeatin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-2681
traumatin and (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5410
trehalose biosynthesis I
-
-
TRESYN-PWY
trehalose biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY-881
trehalose biosynthesis III
-
-
TREHALOSESYN-PWY
trehalose biosynthesis V
-
-
PWY-2661
trehalose degradation I (low osmolarity)
-
-
TREDEGLOW-PWY
trehalose degradation II (cytosolic)
-
-
PWY0-1182
trehalose degradation IV
-
-
PWY-2722
trehalose degradation V
-
-
PWY-2723
triacylglycerol degradation
-
-
LIPAS-PWY
tricin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7995
tRNA processing
-
-
PWY0-1479
tunicamycin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7821
type I lipoteichoic acid biosynthesis (S. aureus)
-
-
PWY-7817
UDP-alpha-D-glucose biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7343
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-5512
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY-5514
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine biosynthesis III
-
-
PWY-8013
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis I
-
-
UDPNAGSYN-PWY
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis II
-
-
UDPNACETYLGALSYN-PWY
UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide biosynthesis I (meso-diaminopimelate containing)
-
-
PWY-6387
UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide biosynthesis II (lysine-containing)
-
-
PWY-6386
UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide biosynthesis III (meso-diaminopimelate containing)
-
-
PWY-7953
ultra-long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-8041
umbelliferone biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6982
urea cycle
urea degradation II
-
-
PWY-5704
UTP and CTP dephosphorylation I
-
-
PWY-7185
UTP and CTP dephosphorylation II
-
-
PWY-7177
valencene and 7-epi-alpha-selinene biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6291
vancomycin resistance I
-
-
PWY-6454
vanillin biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-5665
very long chain fatty acid biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-5080
very long chain fatty acid biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY-7036
viridicatumtoxin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7659
vitamin E biosynthesis (tocopherols)
-
-
PWY-1422
vitamin E biosynthesis (tocotrienols)
-
-
PWY-7436
vitamin K-epoxide cycle
volatile esters biosynthesis (during fruit ripening)
-
-
PWY-6801
xanthine and xanthosine salvage
-
-
SALVPURINE2-PWY
xanthohumol biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5135
xanthommatin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-8249
xyloglucan degradation II (exoglucanase)
-
-
PWY-6807
zymosterol biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6074
bile acid biosynthesis, neutral pathway
-
-
PWY-6061
catecholamine biosynthesis
-
-
PWY66-301
diterpene phytoalexins precursors biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-2981
enterobactin biosynthesis
-
-
ENTBACSYN-PWY
methylaspartate cycle
-
-
PWY-6728
myo-inositol biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-2301
octane oxidation
-
-
P221-PWY
suberin monomers biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-1121
urea cycle
-
-
PWY-4984
vitamin K-epoxide cycle
-
-
PWY-7999
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
-
114203, 136073, 209192, 391561, 485905, 489565, 489569, 636359, 636394, 657014, 657091, 657131, 658783, 660314, 660552, 663043, 670701, 675648, 675944, 676477, 676588, 677185, 682003, 687228, 687242, 688348, 689479, 698496, 699269, 700789, 701463, 705366, 706147, 706279, 710322, 713231, 713233, 713249, 713486, 713680, 716232, 716595, 720131, 720730, 721216, 722430, 728539, 728889, 731012, 735385, 737275, 739038, 739283, 739752, 746065, 748884, 758062, 758691, 760147, 763766, 765652, 765769
-
-
-
SwissProt
-
695070, 695331, 695887, 711347, 716027, 718197, 721216, 732622, 737034, 738785, 739120, 740821, 742957, 744277, 745637, 746016, 747364, 748884, 749680, 757339, 758078, 758403, 759302, 761336, 762189
A0A168S2B8, A0A168S2G5, A0A168S2H6, A0A438GF80, A0A438HA55, A7PQW3, B6VJS4, D7TDL2, D7TU67, D7TUX1, D7UCW9, E5GAF4, F1T282, F1T283, F6GU50, F6H088, F6H3N5, F6HB41, F6HI77, F6HLL8, F6HP26, F6I678, P51110, Q5FB34, Q6PWU2, Q9M505, Q9M563
UniProt
analysis of alpha- and beta-esterase polymorphisms in different cultivars. alpha-Carboxylesterase EST-3 is absent in 61.7% of vines
-
-
bifunctional protein, glucosylates the 3-O- and 5-O-positions of anthocyanidins and flavonols
-
-
cultivar Gamay Freaux variant Teinturier
UniProt
cv. Cabernet Sauvignon, grown in a vineyard at Shanxi Agricultural University, located in Taigu County, Shanxi Province, China
SwissProt
cv. Cabernet Sauvignon, grown in a vineyard at Shanxi Agricultural University, located in Taigu County, Shanxi Province, China
UniProt
cv. Narince, harvested from the Anatolia plateau south of the mountains near the Black Sea shores, Tokat Province
-
-
cv. Shiraz, grown in the Nuriootpa Research vineyard, Barossa Valley, South Australia, and harvested at various times of the 2013 season
AM459143
GenBank
cv. Shiraz, grown in the Nuriootpa Research vineyard, Barossa Valley, South Australia, and harvested at various times of the 2013 season
UniProt
cv. Syrah, grown in the Iwaimura and Johnohira vineyards in Japan
UniProt
enzyme expression and activity are increased at beginning of heat acclimation
SwissProt
fragment; cv. red cultivar Cabernet Sauvignon
SwissProt
isozyme VvSERAT2-2; cv. Touriga Nacional, isozyme VvSERAT2-2
UniProt
isozyme VvSERAT3-1; cv. Touriga Nacional, isozyme VvSERAT3-1
UniProt
two copies of the gene encoding the competing F3H enzyme are present in the grape genome, the second is transcriptionally silent
-
-
VPP fragment; gene VPP, two vacuolar H(+)-pyrophosphatase isozymes
SwissProt
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
quantitative real-time PCR expression profiling of AOMT and AOMT2 in hairy roots, overview
additional information
-
-
a high amount of leucoanthocyanidin reductases LAR1 and LAR2 and of ANR is present at the pre-veraison stage, localized on the outer layer of the berry skin, the vascular bundle and the inner layer of the seed coat
enzyme expression ratios in berry skins in populations A and B, MYB diplotype, overview
grape berries from regions Changli (CL) and Gaotai (GT)in eastern and western China,respectively. Some genes required for carbohydrate metabolism, such as hexose transporter, L-idonate dehydrogenase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, are significantly upregulated in the CL berries in relation to the GT berries, which positively correlated with the sugar and organic acid accumulations
-
grape flowers have high levels of proanthocyanidins, and accumulation continues in skin and seeds from fruit set until the onset of ripening. ANR is expressed throughout early flower and berry development, with expression increasing after fertilization. During grape ripening, proanthocyanidin levels decrease in both skin and seeds, and expression of genes encoding ANR and LAR are no longer detected
highest expression in berries during development and at the start of ripening
mRNA accumulates at the early stage of berry development and decreases toward the ripening stage. Proanthocyanidins accumulate in the berry skins and seeds before veraison, especially during the early stages of development
-
primarily distributed in the exocarp, mesocarp, and seed of the fruit, developmentally dependent expression in skin and flesh
-
protein is detected throughout berry development. At Phase I of grape berry development, lower hexose (glucose or fructose) levels are concomitant with higher hexokinase activities and protein levels. After the onset of ripening, a drastic reduction in hexokinase activity and protein levels is accompanied by a rising hexose level
-
relative expression is higher at preveraison than that at postveraison
skin and pulp of mature berries, across whole berry development, VvGGT3 demonstrates a general pattern of increasing in transcript abundance
-
UV-light greatly stimulates resveratrol synthase mRNA accumulation in berry skin, a weak accumulation is observed during wilting i.e. the post-harvest drying process
enzyme expression ratios in berry skins in populations A and B, MYB diplotype, overview
-
gene expression in the red-skin sports seems to be the result of a mutation in this gene or a mutation in a regulatory gene controlling its expression
Q94B16 and Q9XGT5
pectin methylesterase activity is present before the onset of veraison and increases during skin maturation
-
-
grape flowers have high levels of proanthocyanidins. ANR is expressed throughout early flower and berry development
male flower parts of grapevines are responsible for sesquiterpenoid floral scent formation. Sesquiterpene volatiles, which are emitted with a light-dependent diurnal pattern early in the morning at prebloom and bloom, are localized to anthers and, more specifically, within the developing pollen grains
strongest hybridization signals with RNA from flower budsand strongly reduced transcript levels in pre- and postanthesis open flowers and in set flowers at early fruit onset
-
strongest signals with RNA from flower buds and strongly reduced transcript levels in pre- and postanthesis open flowers and in set flowers at early fruit onset
transcript levels are low in open pre-anthesis flowers, flowers after anthesis, or at early onset of fruit development
A0A516F1V8, AM459143, B6VJS4, E0CSJ0, P41090, P51110, P93622, Q09VU3, Q1PSI9, Q43237, Q6Q3H3, U3M7F6, U3M7R9
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485905, 489569, 636394, 670701, 680583, 689681, 695570, 700742, 706279, 712216, 735385, 742957, 744824, 744953, 748331, 749042, 749418, 756810, 757339, 758057, 761336, 761343, 765374
a high level in the early stages from 20 to 30 day after full bloom, decreases gradually from 40 to 50 day after full bloom, then reaches the second peak at the ripe stage at 70 day after full bloom, and finally the third peak at the ripe stage at 120 day after full bloom. Stilbene synthase protein already increases at 1 h after incubation at 38°C, reaching a maximum at 8 h before decreasing to the control level. The transcription of stilbene synthase gene is enhanced by heat acclimation
berry skin of young and small, at the pre-veraison stage, and ripe fruits
berry skin, transcriptional regulation of the enzyme, onset of expression after flowering, low expression at the onset of ripening, high expression after veraison concomitant with the accumulation of 3'- and 3',5'-hydroxylated anthocyanins, overview
detection of VvVal transcripts coincides with the stabilization of acid levels in the fruits following a four-week period of rapid depletion
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enzyme content and activity, and flavonol aglycon and flavonones luteolin and apigenin content during grape berry development, overview
grape berries, at two different stages of ripening, 26 and 105 days after anthesis, respectively
high expression level in full bloom, almost no transcript of the enzyme in mature berries
high protein level in the early stages from 20 to 30 days after full bloom, which decrease gradually from 40 to 50 days after full bloom, then reaches the second peak at the ripe stage at 70 days after full bloom, and finally the third peak at the ripe stage at 120 days after full bloom
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quantitative expression analysis of the enzyme at different developmental stages in correlation to the anthocyanidin profile, overview
ratio of methylated/non-methylated anthocyanins in berry skin of 32 unrelated cultivars, overview
regulation during fruit development, overview, berry skin, transcriptional regulation of the enzyme, onset of expression after flowering, low expression at the onset of ripening, high expression after veraison concomitant with the accumulation of 3'- and 3',5'-hydroxylated anthocyanins, overview
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stilbene synthase is found in berry exocarp tissues during all stages of fruit development. The stilbene synthase signal decreases gradually from exocarp to mesocarp, where the protein is detected only occasionally. STS localization is the same before and after veraison, the relatively short developmental period during which the firm green berries begin to soften and change color
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the enzyme is located predominantly in the secondarily thickened walls and the parenchyma cells of mesocarp vascular tissue, developmental changes in enzyme activity, overview
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the enzyme is primarily localized in exocarp and vascular bundles of the fruit during berry development
transcripts become detectable in September, almost two months after flowering, then increase and reach a maximum at the final sample date in early October when the fruit is at peak maturity
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upregulation of expression during development in berry skin, accumulation of cyanidin-based anthocyanins and delphinidin-based anthocyanins
VvSDH isozymes expression is analysed in the main berry tissues (skin, pulp, and seeds) at three development stages (green stage, veraison, and maturity) to determine their spatial and temporal expression patterns, overview
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114203, 391561, 392030, 440430, 485905, 488913, 489569, 658802, 670019, 670701, 676650, 681614, 705366, 706279, 713233, 716595, 721047, 735385, 738785, 751803, 756810, 758057, 761343, 765769
apex, apical leaflet, reddish pigmented shoot tips
both isoforms LAR1 and LAR2 decreasing expression from early to late stages of leaf development
low accumulation of product resveratrol, highest level of stilbene synthase mRNA and protein among the tissues analyzed
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low expression in developing grape leaf, low level of delphinidin-based anthocyanins, accumulation of cyanidin-based anthocyanins (consistent in green-yellow-, purple-, and black-colored skin cultivars)
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the changes in the carbon metabolism-associated proteins reflect altered patterns of carbon flux in response to changes in ADH activity in transformed plant leaves
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the enzyme is primarily localized in palisade, spongy tissues and vascular bundles of the leaves
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highest expression. The enzyme is primarily localized in the growth point, leaf primordium, and young leaves of leaf buds
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primarily distributed in the growth point and leaf primordium of the leaf buds
distribution of alpha-terpineol content in the 61 grapevine accessions
high expression is observed for isozyme VvSDH1 before veraison but its maximum expression level is reached after veraison
the VvSDH3 expression level rises during the green stage. At veraison, its expression drops and stays very low throughout the ripening stage
VvSDH2 expression is relatively stable during grape development, except for a peak of expression before veraison
VvSDH4 expression is relatively stable during grape development, except for a peak of expression before veraison
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the enzyme is primarily localized in the endoderm and primary phloem of roots
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F3'H is expressed consistent with the accumulation of 3'-hydroxylated proanthocyanidins in this tissue
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grape flowers have high levels of proanthocyanidins, and accumulation continues in skin and seeds from fruit set until the onset of ripening. ANR is expressed throughout early flower and berry development, with expression increasing after fertilization. During grape ripening, proanthocyanidin levels decrease in both skin and seeds, and expression of genes encoding ANR and LAR are no longer detected
highest expression of LAR2 in seed, with maximum expression at veraison
immature, highest expression level of VvSDH3
isoform LAR1 seed specific, with the highest expression occurring 2 weeks after flowering
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the enzyme is primarily localized in primary phloem and pith ray in the stems
additional information
cell wall-modifying and aquaporin gene expression profiles follow similar trends in exocarp and mesocarp tissues throughout berry development, with the exception of the up-regulation of pectin methylesterase, pectate lyase, two aquaporin genes (AQ1 and AQ2), and two expansin genes (EXP3 and EXPL) during stage II, which is delayed in the exocarp tissue compared with mesocarp tissue
additional information
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expression and tissue localization of ANS in different Cabernet Sauvignon samples, overview
additional information
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expression of numerous VvUBCs show significant changes during grapevine development. Expression pattern of VvUBCs in different genotypes, transcriptome analysis, overview
additional information
immunohistochemical analysis of the tissue-specific distribution of STS in different organs, overview. Distribution of resveratrol and STS in grape is organ-specific and tissue-specific
additional information
immunohistochemical analysis of the tissue-specific distribution of STS in different organs, overview. Distribution of resveratrol and STS in grape is organ-specific and tissue-specific. Highest content of resveratrol occurs in the stem phloems, followed by axillary buds, roots, stem xylems, shoot tips and petioles; and lowest in leaves
additional information
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one F3'H gene copy is expressed in both vegetative and reproductive organs at comparable levels among cultivars, while the other is transcriptionally silent
additional information
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organ-specific expression patterns of HAT genes, overview
additional information
similar levels of enzyme mRNA in all tissues tested
additional information
the VvGGT3 transcript is expressed in all tissues tested, i.e. roots, leaf, inflorescences, and tendril, and in the skin, pulp, and seed fractions of mature grape berries. The transcript abundance of VvGGT3 is the lowest in the tendril, followed by the root, with a 1.7 and 1.8fold increase in leaf and inflorescence compared to the tendril, respectively. Focusing on the relative VvGGT3 abundance in the skin, pulp, and seed fractions of mature grape berries, similar levels of transcript is observed in all three berry tissues, with these all being over 7fold higher than the tendril
additional information
tissue- and development-specific expression, F3'H is expressed in grapes before flowering, when 3'-hydroxylated flavonols are made, and after flowering, when proanthocyanidins are synthesized, the expression of flavonoid hydroxylases in grape is correlated to the expression of cytochrome b5, overview
additional information
transcript levels are low in open pre-anthesis flowers, flowers after anthesis, or at early onset of fruit development
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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within the flower receptacle, significant amounts of enzyme
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stilbene synthase is found predominantly within vesicles (of varying size), along the plasma membrane and in the cell wall, suggesting protein secretion in the apoplast compartment
additional information
mainly located on the cell wall, secondary cell wall and chloroplast of the skin tissues during berry development
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stilbene synthase is found predominantly within vesicles (of varying size), along the plasma membrane and in the cell wall, suggesting protein secretion in the apoplast compartment
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a plastid-distributed isozyme, synthesized throughout developmental stages
isozyme VvSDH3 contains a putative chloroplastic transit peptide
mainly located on the cell wall, secondary cell wall and chloroplast of the skin tissues during berry development
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the functional VvGGT3 is probably associated with membrane-like structures. VvGGT3-GFP fusion protein does not localize to the vacuole in transformed Nicotiana benthamiana cells
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preferentially localized in the mitochondria of phloem companion cells in both leaves and flowers
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a vacuole-distributed isozyme synthesized at late developmental stage
additional information
isozyme subcellular localization and expression analysis
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additional information
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subcellular localization of ANS in different Cabernet Sauvignon samples, overview
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additional information
the enzyme localizes close to lipid bodies within the maturing microspore
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LINKS TO OTHER DATABASES (specific for Vitis vinifera)
SILVA: 16S/18S rRNA, 23S/28S rRNA
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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)
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