1.1.1.8	glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+)	nutrition	yeast strains overexpressing glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase may be used to produce wine with decreased ethanol content	
1.1.1.8	glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+)	nutrition	green tea catechin (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate is a noncompetitive inhibitor of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	
1.1.1.21	aldose reductase	nutrition	pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate to eliminate toxic compounds unsuitable for use as growth medium in xylitol production. optimization of adsorption time, type odf acid used, concentration and charcoal leads to a high ratio of xylose reductase, EC1.1.1.21, to xylitol dehydrogenase, EC1.1.1.9, of 4.5	
1.1.1.34	hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)	nutrition	engineering of Yarrowia lipolytica for de novo production of the food and feed additive astaxanthin by fermentation. The astaxanthin-producing Yarrowia lipolytica shows great promise for employment in biological astaxanthin production. The genes for beta-carotene biosynthesis: bi-functional phytoene synthase/lycopene cyclase (crtYB) and phytoene desaturase (crtI) from Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhousa are introduced. The activities of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG1) and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGS1/crtE) in the best producing strain are optimized. Downregulation of the competing squalene synthase SQS1 increases the beta-carotene titer. Then a beta-carotene ketolase (crtW) from Paracoccus sp. N81106 and hydroxylase (crtZ) from Pantoea ananatis are introduced to convert beta-carotene into astaxanthin. The constructed strain accumulates 10.4 mg/l of astaxanthin but also accumulates astaxanthin biosynthesis intermediates, 5.7 mg/l canthaxanthin, and 35.3 mg/l echinenone. The copy numbers of crtZ and crtW are optimized to obtain 3.5 mg/g dry cell weight (54.6 mg/l) of astaxanthin in a microtiter plate cultivation	
1.1.1.67	mannitol 2-dehydrogenase	nutrition	-	
1.1.1.67	mannitol 2-dehydrogenase	nutrition	cofactor regeneration system	
1.1.1.145	3beta-hydroxy-DELTA5-steroid dehydrogenase	nutrition	expression of hepatic but not testicular 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase shows a negative relationship with the level of backfat androsterone and is accompanied by a reduced rate of the hepatic androsterone clearance. Low expression of enzyme protein in the liver of high androsterone pigs is accompanied by a reduced level of enzyme mRNA	
1.1.1.145	3beta-hydroxy-DELTA5-steroid dehydrogenase	nutrition	independent of castration method, all castrated pigs show greater mRNA and protein expression of 3beta-HSD and lower levels of all steroids in plasma compared with entire males. There is a strong correlation between mRNA and protein expression of 3beta-HSD and steroid levels	
1.1.1.183	geraniol dehydrogenase (NADP+)	nutrition	high hydrostatic pressure treatment of grated ginger results in more than 95% inactivation of geraniol dehydrogenase. Heat treatment of 10 min at 100°C inactivates geraniol dehydrogenase to 43% residual activity. In storage, untreated and heat-treated ginger shows reduction of geranial, neral, and citronellal while pressure-treated ginger does not. In the pressure-treated sample, terpene aldehydes almost disappear without the formation of the corresponding alcohols	
1.1.1.194	coniferyl-alcohol dehydrogenase	nutrition	the recombinant Rhodococcus opacus strain PD630, expressing the coniferyl alcohol dehydrogenase from Rhodococcus sp. strain HR199, together with the coniferyl aldehyde dehydrogenase, and the vanillyl alcohol oxidase, the latter from Penicillium simplicissimus strain CBS, is able to produce vanillin from ferulic acid and eugenol	
1.1.1.195	cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase	nutrition	Increased bamboo shoot firmness during cold storage is positively correlated with higher lignin and cellulose accumulation, and this accumulation of lignin in flesh tissue is also positively correlated with the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase and peroxidase. Ethylene treatment is associated with higher disease incidence, chilling injury index, electrical conductivity, respiration and ethylene production, enhanced lignin and cellulose accumulation and accelerates the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase and peroxidase. In contrast, 1-methylcyclopropene treatment is associated with lower respiration, ethylene production, chilling injury index and electrical conductivity, reduced lignin and cellulose accumulation and retards the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase and peroxidase. 1-Methylcyclopropene may be used commercially to control disorders in bamboo shoot during cold storage	
1.1.1.243	carveol dehydrogenase	nutrition	evaluation of recombinant industrial scale production of (-)-carvone, the spearmint monoterpene ketone, in Escherichia coli for commercial use, overview	
1.1.1.265	3-methylbutanal reductase	nutrition	essential in removal of the worthy off-flavours in beer during fermentation	
1.1.1.365	D-galacturonate reductase	nutrition	accumulation of high levels of ascorbate using GalUR gene overepression in tomato fruits. Tomato fruits are considered a major dietary source of vitamin C in many countries, because it is consumed regularly and in large quantities. Tomato also serves as a fruit model for other crops species with fleshy berry. Accordingly, it is very important to monitor and to increase the vitamin C content in tomato fruit, for meeting the consumer demand and health requirements for high nutrition, e.g. by overexpressing D-galacturonate reductase	
1.1.3.5	hexose oxidase	nutrition	effect of enzyme activity on the rheological properties of dough. Oxidation of ferulic acid in presence of enzyme plus a peroxidase purified from wheat germ was most efficient. Mathematical model describing release or consumption of the different reactants	
1.1.3.5	hexose oxidase	nutrition	use of enzyme as processing aid in food industry. No acute or subchronic oral toxicity, mutagenic potential or chromosomal aberration is found according to OECD guidelines	
1.1.3.8	L-gulonolactone oxidase	nutrition	2fold increase in vitamin C content in wild type Arabidopsis thaliana leaf upon expression of enzyme, in vitamin-C-deficient plants, rescued vitamin C content upon enzyme expression is equal or higher than in wild type leaf	
1.1.3.8	L-gulonolactone oxidase	nutrition	increase of dietary levels of alpha-tocopherol and/or ascorbic acid lower kidneys enzymic activity	
1.1.3.8	L-gulonolactone oxidase	nutrition	up to 4fold increased vitamin C levels in lettuce by overexpression of enzyme	
1.1.3.17	choline oxidase	nutrition	introducing of the codA gene into a cereal crop allows the biosynthesis of glycinebetaine	
1.2.1.67	vanillin dehydrogenase	nutrition	production of vanillin by genetic inactivation of vanillin dehydrogenase	
1.2.1.67	vanillin dehydrogenase	nutrition	vanillin production	
1.2.1.68	coniferyl-aldehyde dehydrogenase	nutrition	production of vanillin	
1.2.3.1	aldehyde oxidase	nutrition	identification of 17 diet-derived constituents as inhibitors, with Kiss that vary approximately 300fold. Inhibitors bind within the active site and elucidate key enzyme-inhibitor interactions. QSAR modeling identified three structural descriptors that correlate with inhibition potency	
1.3.1.14	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (NAD+)	nutrition	applications in the dairy industry	
1.3.3.6	acyl-CoA oxidase	nutrition	engineering of plants with increased content of monocarboxylic fatty acids in this essential oil crop by enzyme overexpression	
1.3.3.6	acyl-CoA oxidase	nutrition	inhibition of ACOX1 is an effective approach for the treatment of high fat diet or obesity-induced metabolic diseases by improving mitochondrial lipid and reactive oxygen species metabolism	
1.4.1.1	alanine dehydrogenase	nutrition	Lactococcus lactis strain NZ9000 expressing the enzyme from Bacillus subtilis can be used in imporvement of dairy fermentation for developing healthy yogurts with sweet taste or other fermented dairy foods	
1.4.1.3	glutamate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]	nutrition	restricted feeding with food access for 2 h each day for three weeks promotes higher levels of mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase protein and activity, as well as a loss of 24-h rhythmicity, in comparison to ad libitum conditions. The rhythmicity of glutamate dehydrogenase activity detected in serum is changed	
1.4.3.14	L-lysine oxidase	nutrition	the optical enzyme sensor system with immobilized LyOx membrane can be used for rapid determination of L-Lys in a real food sample	
1.5.1.20	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [NAD(P)H]	nutrition	homozygosity for the C677T natural polymorphism presents a 3fold increased risk of colorectal cancer. Low intake of methyl-donor nutrients is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer in homozygous participants for the C677T polymorphism	
1.5.1.20	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [NAD(P)H]	nutrition	mice carrying a mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene Apc, a model for intestinal polyposis, fed with high folate diets from weaning develop more adenomas than those fed the folic acid deficient diet or the control diet. Mthfr deficiency does not affect adenoma number. When the folic acid deficient diet and control diet are administered to dams prior to conception, throughout pregnancy and continued in offspring post-weaning, Apc -/+ offspring fed folic acid deficient diet develop fewer adenomas than those fed control diet. Mthfr+/- genotype of the mother or of the offspring also reduces adenoma numbers in the Apc -/+ offspring. Adenoma number is inversely correlated with plasma homocysteine, intestinal dUTP/dTTP ratios, and levels of intestinal apoptosis	
1.5.1.24	N5-(carboxyethyl)ornithine synthase	nutrition	industrially important organism used widely as a starter in the dairy industry	
1.5.8.2	trimethylamine dehydrogenase	nutrition	quality control, development of an amperometric enzyme electrode sensor for rapid detection of trimethylamine in different fish muscle samples using phenazine methosulfate as redox cofactor and NBT-based colorimetric detectiona nd quantification	
1.8.1.2	assimilatory sulfite reductase (NADPH)	nutrition	quality determination of surimi, purified enzyme increases the reactive SH and gel strength of surimi prepared from frozen mackerel, processing of surimi-based products	
1.8.3.2	thiol oxidase	nutrition	flavor modification of ultra-high temperature milk	
1.8.3.2	thiol oxidase	nutrition	elimination of cooked flavour in ultra-high temperature commercially sterile milk, may have other applications for flavour modification	
1.10.3.1	catechol oxidase	nutrition	the enzyme is a target for development of specific inhibitors to avoid unfavorable enzymatic browning of plant-derived foods by tyrosinase causing decrease in nutritional quality and economic loss of food products	
1.11.1.7	peroxidase	nutrition	POD is an indicator of quality deterioration such as flavour loss and various biodegradation reactions, and is also relevant to enzymatic browning	
1.11.1.13	manganese peroxidase	nutrition	biotechnological applications related to animal feeding	
1.14.11.2	procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase	nutrition	expression level of prolyl 4-hydroxylase is higher in muscle than in adipose tissue and further depends on growth stage and animal strain	
1.14.14.B11	nicotine demethylase	nutrition	inhibition of gene expression by RNAi leads to up ot sixfold decrease in nornicotine content with concomitant decrease in N'-nitrosonornicotine and total tobacco-specific nitrosamines	
1.14.14.B11	nicotine demethylase	nutrition	while the nornicotine content of most commercial burley tobacco is low, a process termed conversion can bestow considerably increased nornicotine levels in a portion of the plants within the population. Transcript accumulation of isoform CYP82E4 is enhanced as much as 80fold in converter vs nonconverter tobacco. An optimized RNAi construct 82E4Ri298 suppresses nicotine to nornicotine conversion from 98% to as low as 0.8% in a strong converter tobacco line, a rate of nornicotine production that is about 3.6fold lower than typically detected in commercial varieties. Greenhouse-grown transgenic plants transformed with the RNAi construct are morphologically indistinguishable from the empty vector or wild-type controls	
1.14.14.17	squalene monooxygenase	nutrition	expression of myogenic marker genes (Myog, Myod, and Myh4) and adipogenic marker genes (Pparg, Cebpa, and Adipoq) is substantially downregulated in cells transfected with squalene epoxidase siRNA. mRNA expression levels of ROS scavengers, which affect meat quality by altering protein oxidation processes, are significantly downregulated by squalene epoxidase knockdown	
1.14.14.81	flavanoid 3',5'-hydroxylase	nutrition	the strong catechin-associated SNPs identified in this study can be used for future marker-assisted selection to improve tea quality	
1.14.14.82	flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase	nutrition	the enzyme may be a good candidate for biotechnological applications aimed at obtaining new flower colours or at increasing the production of compounds important both for the physiology of the plant and for the promotion of human health	
1.14.15.24	beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase	nutrition	engineering of Yarrowia lipolytica for de novo production of the food and feed additive astaxanthin by fermentation. The astaxanthin-producing Yarrowia lipolytica shows great promise for employment in biological astaxanthin production. The genes for beta-carotene biosynthesis: bi-functional phytoene synthase/lycopene cyclase (crtYB) and phytoene desaturase (crtI) from Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhousa are introduced. The activities of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG1) and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGS1/crtE) in the best producing strain are optimized. Downregulation of the competing squalene synthase SQS1 increases the beta-carotene titer. Then a beta-carotene ketolase (crtW) from Paracoccus sp. N81106 and hydroxylase (crtZ) from Pantoea ananatis are introduced to convert beta-carotene into astaxanthin. The constructed strain accumulates 10.4 mg/l of astaxanthin but also accumulates astaxanthin biosynthesis intermediates, 5.7 mg/l canthaxanthin, and 35.3 mg/l echinenone. The copy numbers of crtZ and crtW are optimized to obtain 3.5 mg/g dry cell weight (54.6 mg/l) of astaxanthin in a microtiter plate cultivation	
1.14.18.1	tyrosinase	nutrition	the enzyme is a target for development of specific inhibitors to avoid unfavorable enzymatic browning of plant-derived foods by tyrosinase causing decrease in nutritional quality and economic loss of food products	
1.14.18.1	tyrosinase	nutrition	the enzyme is a target for development of specific inhibitors to avoid unfavorable enzymatic browning of plant-derived foods. The inhibitors used in this study can be used safely in making herb cheese	
1.14.19.3	acyl-CoA 6-desaturase	nutrition	evaluating D6D activity in preterm infants is important for better nutritional management	
1.14.19.6	acyl-CoA (9+3)-desaturase	nutrition	after functional expression of a DELTA12 fatty acid desaturase gene from Spinacia oleracea in transgenic Sus scrofa levels of linoleic acid (18:2n-6) in adipocytes that have differentiated in vitro from cells derived from the transgenic pigs are about 10 times higher than those from wild-type pigs. In addition, the white adipose tissue of transgenic pigs contained about 20% more linoleic acid (18:2n-6) than that of wild-type pigs. These results demonstrate the functional expression of a plant gene for a fatty acid desaturase in mammals, opening up the possibility of modifying the fatty acid composition of products from domestic animals by transgenic technology, using plant genes for fatty acid desaturases	
1.14.19.35	sn-2 acyl-lipid omega-3 desaturase (ferredoxin)	nutrition	potential of the engineered plastidial omega-3 desaturase from sesame to influence the profile of alpha-linolenic acid in transgenic tobacco plant by shifting the carbon flux from linoleic acid, the enzyme can be used in suitable genetic engineering strategy to increase the alpha-linolenic acid content in sesame and other vegetable oils	
1.14.19.47	acyl-lipid (9-3)-desaturase	nutrition	product yields are markedly enhanced by codon optimization of the Pythium gene. The redundancy in substrate utilization of the enzyme the codon-optimized gene can be exploited as potential genetic tool for production of nutritionally important polyunsaturated fatty acids by reconstituting fatty acid profile in biological systems of commercial interest through n-3 or n-6 pathway	
1.14.99.4	progesterone monooxygenase	nutrition	multiple drugs, pesticides and therapeutic agents are used in aquaculturing of channel catfish, flavin-containing monooxygenase enzymatic systems can metabolize these chemicals in the fish	
1.14.99.4	progesterone monooxygenase	nutrition	enzyme plays a significant role in biotransformation of pesticides in rainbow trout	
1.14.99.63	beta-carotene 4-ketolase	nutrition	engineering of Yarrowia lipolytica for de novo production of the food and feed additive astaxanthin by fermentation. The astaxanthin-producing Yarrowia lipolytica shows great promise for employment in biological astaxanthin production. The genes for beta-carotene biosynthesis: bi-functional phytoene synthase/lycopene cyclase (crtYB) and phytoene desaturase (crtI) from Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhousa are introduced. The activities of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG1) and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGS1/crtE) in the best producing strain and optimized. Downregulation of the competing squalene synthase SQS1 increases the beta-carotene titer. Then a beta-carotene ketolase (crtW) from Paracoccus sp. N81106 and hydroxylase (crtZ) from Pantoea ananatis are introduced to convert beta-carotene into astaxanthin. The constructed strain accumulates 10.4 mg/l of astaxanthin but also accumulates astaxanthin biosynthesis intermediates, 5.7 mg/l canthaxanthin, and 35.3 mg/l echinenone. The copy numbers of crtZ and crtW are optimized to obtain 3.5 mg/g dry cell weight (54.6 mg/l) of astaxanthin in a microtiter plate cultivation	
1.14.99.63	beta-carotene 4-ketolase	nutrition	rice endosperm can be engineered to produce nutritionally important ketocarotenoids. The limited activity of endogenous beta-carotene hydroxylases causes a bottleneck in the extended ketocarotenoid pathway that must be overcome in order to maximize flux towards target ketocarotenoid molecules	
1.16.3.1	ferroxidase	nutrition	treatment of rabbits with standard common rabbit diet and water ad libitum containing 40 mg fluoride per liter results in significant decrease of ceruloplasmin level in serum by days 35 and 70, with concomitant increase of serum adenosine eaminase and C-reactive protein	
1.16.3.2	bacterial non-heme ferritin	nutrition	thermostable ferritin can be used in production of clean drinking water and process water. Thermostable ferritin is an excellent system for rapid phosphate and arsenate removal from aqueous solutions down to residual concentrations at the picomolar level	
1.17.1.4	xanthine dehydrogenase	nutrition	xanthine oxidoreductase associated with milk phospholipid membranes is found to be distributed among an intra-membranous pool in which it takes the form of a mixture of xanthine oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase, with a clear predominance of xanthine dehydrogenase, and a free pool of xanthine oxidase, of which 33% is found in the outer surface of milk fat globule membrane, 20.5% in the outer surface of whey membrane particles, and the remaining 46.7% in apparent solution. The inner-membrane xanthine oxidoreductase may play a nonenzymatic role in fat secretion, whereas extramembranous xanthine oxidase is freely available for a role in the innate gland immune system and may affect milk quality	
1.21.3.6	aureusidin synthase	nutrition	nutritional qualities of leafy vegetables can be enhanced through the introduction of aurone biosynthetic pathways	
2.1.1.5	betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase	nutrition	activity and mRNA abundance of hepatic BHMT are greater with restricted water intake and increase with choline supplementation. Enhanced supply of choline during negative energy balance increases hepatic activity of BHMT and MTR to regenerate methionine and phosphatidylcholine, partly to help clear triacylglycerols	
2.1.1.5	betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase	nutrition	dietary zinc might be important for the alleviation of oxidative stress and the clearance of homocysteine in high-fat-diet-pretreated mice	
2.1.1.5	betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase	nutrition	rats fed a casein-based diet lacking folate exhibit a 53% increase in circulating homocysteine concentrations compared with rats fed a casein-based diet including folate. Serum homocysteine does not differ between rats fed casein-based diet including folate and egg protein-based diet lacking folate. Hepatic BHMT activity is increased by 45% and 40% by the egg protein-based diet and whole egg-based diet compared with the casein-based diets, respectively	
2.1.1.77	protein-L-isoaspartate(D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase	nutrition	enzymatic detection of L-isoaspartyl residues in food proteins	
2.1.1.95	tocopherol C-methyltransferase	nutrition	increase in the alpha-tocopherol content in the soybean seed, due to transgenically modulated enzyme activity, could have a potential to significantly increase the dietary intake of vitamin E	
2.1.1.156	glycine/sarcosine N-methyltransferase	nutrition	enzyme can be used in betaine production for improvement of stress tolerance of commercially important microbes in agriculture and industry, and for nutritial improvement of transgenic crop plants, that do not produce betaine naturally	
2.1.1.157	sarcosine/dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase	nutrition	enzyme can be used in betaine production for improvement of stress tolerance of commercially important microbes in agriculture and industry, and for nutritial improvement of transgenic crop plants, that do not produce betaine naturally	
2.3.1.15	glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase	nutrition	PpGPAT9 may be another genetic resource to enhance storage oil yields from oilseed crops	
2.3.1.26	sterol O-acyltransferase	nutrition	increase in enzyme activity in animals fed with palmitic acid. No difference in hepatic enzyme activity in animals fed with oleic acid or linoleic acid	
2.3.1.26	sterol O-acyltransferase	nutrition	feeding a diet suplemented with linoleic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid or conjugated linolenic acid results in decrease in plasma cholesterol, with conjugated linoleic acid being the most effective. Diets have no effect on sterol regulatory element binding protein-2, liver X receptor, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutary-CoA reductase, LDL receptor, and cholesterol-7-hydroxylase. The four octadecaenoic acids increase the excretion of fecal neutral sterols with conjugated linoleic acid being most effective followed by alphga-linolenic acid, linoleic acid and conjugated linolenic acid. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid is associated with the least intestinal acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase activity followed by alpha-linolenic acid, linoleic acid and conjugated linolenic acid in a decreasing trend	
2.3.1.37	5-aminolevulinate synthase	nutrition	enzyme expressed in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants demonstrate functional complementation in the chlorophyll biosynthesis and open strategies for producing tolerance against inhibitors of the C5 pathway	
2.3.1.41	beta-ketoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase I	nutrition	target for the engineering of plant seed oils	
2.3.1.54	formate C-acetyltransferase	nutrition	plays a significant role in industrial milk fermentation	
2.3.1.79	maltose O-acetyltransferase	nutrition	biotechnologically attractive for the modification of starch and maltooligosaccharides	
2.3.1.84	alcohol O-acetyltransferase	nutrition	polishing of rice for use in sake brewing is necessary to remove inositol from rice, thereby increasing AATase activity. A high AATase activity leads to an abundance of acetate esters of higher alcohols in sake, such as isoamyl acetate, one of the most favorable odor-enhancing compounds	
2.3.1.85	fatty-acid synthase system	nutrition	animals fed with semipurified diets containing either 1% w/w corn oil or 10% each of beef tallow, corn oil, perilla oil, and fish oil. Enzyme activity is reduced in the polyunsaturated fat-fed group in the order of fish oil, perilla oil, and corn oil	
2.3.1.91	sinapoylglucose-choline O-sinapoyltransferase	nutrition	in crop plants, sinapate esters are antinutritive compounds. They contribute to the bitter taste and astringency of seed products. Sinapate esters form complexes with proteins during seed oil processing, thus compromising the use of the valuable seed meal for animal feed and preventing it from being used as human food supplement. Thus, there is a fundamental interest in reducing the amount of sinapate esters in the seed. Suppressing the expression of the key enzymes in sinapine synthesis, sinapoylglucose:choline O-napoyltransferase (BnSCT) and UDP-glucose:sinapate glucosyltransferase (BnSGT1), by techniques such as dsRNAi should by a valuable step in establishing Brassica napus, an important oil crop, as a protein crop as well	
2.3.1.110	tyramine N-feruloyltransferase	nutrition	production of plant secondary metabolites	
2.3.1.115	isoflavone-7-O-beta-glucoside 6''-O-malonyltransferase	nutrition	health-promoting neutraceutical	
2.3.1.156	phloroisovalerophenone synthase	nutrition	cones of the hop plant used in the beer-brewing process	
2.3.1.176	propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase	nutrition	wild-type mice fed a cholesterol-rich diet show increased weight gain, hepatic lipid, and bileacid accumulation. SCP-2 overexpression further exacerbates hepatic lipid accumulation in cholesterol-fed females and males. Primarily in female mice, hepatic cholesterol accumulation induced by SCP-2 overexpression is associated with increased levels of LDL receptor, HDL-receptor scavenger receptor SR-B1, liver fatty acid binding protein L-FABP, and 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, without alteration of other proteins involved in cholesterol uptake, esterification, efflux, or oxidation/transport of bile salts. The effects of SCP-2 overexpression and cholesterol-rich diet are downregulation of proteins involved in cholesterol transport like L-FABP and SR-B1, cholesterolsynthesis related to sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 and HMG-CoA reductase, and bile acid oxidation/transport	
2.3.2.2	gamma-glutamyltransferase	nutrition	mutant enzyme D445A is suitable for fermentation of soy sauce and miso	
2.3.2.2	gamma-glutamyltransferase	nutrition	the enzyme is suitable for food fermentation under high salt conditions, e.g. the fermentation of soy sauce and miso	
2.3.2.13	protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase	nutrition	MTGase treatment significantly increases the denaturation temperature of beta-lactoglobulin in whey protein isolate, from 71.84°C in the untreated sample to 78.50°C after 30 h of incubation with MTGase. Increase in ´denaturation temperature is primarily due to covalent cross-linking and not due to an increase in nonpolar interactions within the protein. The surface hydrophobicity of the protein decreases upon cross-linking, due to occlusion of the hydrophobic cavities to the fluorescent probes. The cross-linked protein exhibits a U-shaped pH-stability profile with maximumturbidity at pH 4.0-4.5	
2.3.2.13	protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase	nutrition	the functionality of light roasted peanut flour dispersions containing supplemental casein is altered after polymerization with microbial transglutaminase. The formation of high molecular weight covalent cross-links is observed. The gelling temperature of TGase-treated peanut flour dispersions containing 2.5% casein is significantly raised compared to the nontreated peanut flour-casein control solutions. The gel strength and water holding capacity of cross-linked peanut flour-casein test samples containing 5% casein is increased, while the yield stress and apparent viscosity are lowered compared to control dispersions. Casein is an effective cosubstrate with peanut flour for creating TGase-modified peanut flour-casein dispersions for use as a novel high protein food ingredient	
2.4.1.5	dextransucrase	nutrition	industrial production of dextrans, that find use for texture improvement in the food industry, e.g. milk drinks, yogurts and ice cream	
2.4.1.5	dextransucrase	nutrition	immobilisation of dextransucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-512F in alginate is optimised for applications in a fluidised bed reactor with high concentrated sugar solutions, in order to allow a continuous formation of defined oligosaccharides as prebiotic isomalto-oligosaccharides	
2.4.1.5	dextransucrase	nutrition	production of controlled molecular weight isomaltooligosaccharides and oligodextrans from sucrose using the combined activity of a dextransucrase, EC 2.4.1.5, from Leuconostoc mesenteroides and endodextranase, EC 3.2.1.11, from Penicillium lilacinum. Higher substrate and dextranase concentrations give rise to products with lower molecular sizes and a dextransucrase/dextranase ratio of 1:1 or 1:2 appears to produce a polymer with a molecular weight which is desirable for prebiotic use	
2.4.1.11	glycogen(starch) synthase	nutrition	calorie restriciton does not alter glycogen synthase or glycogen phosphatase activity/protein levels in young rats. Calorie restriction hinders age-related decreases in glycogen synthase activity/protein, unrelated to glycogen synthase mRNA levels, and glycogen synthase inactivation-phosphorylation	
2.4.1.18	1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme	nutrition	cooking and textural characteristics of rice depend not only on the ratio of amylose, but also on the degree of amylopectin branching. Short chains of glucose with a degree of polymerization (DP)of 6–9 inhibit retrogradation. In vivo modification of starches using genetic engineering holds potential for both enhancing nutritional qualities and for obviating post-harvest modifications often necessary for utilization of this complex carbohydrate	
2.4.1.18	1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme	nutrition	production of very-high-amylose potato starch by simultaneous inhibition of SBE A and SBE B to a level of less than 1% using an antisense construct	
2.4.1.19	cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase	nutrition	-	
2.4.1.19	cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase	nutrition	application as antistaling agent, retards the deterioration process in bread	
2.4.1.19	cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase	nutrition	important enzyme in food industry	
2.4.1.19	cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase	nutrition	used for producing linear oligosaccharides, serving as sweeteners	
2.4.1.21	starch synthase (glycosyl-transferring)	nutrition	analysis of the natural variations of isoforms granule-bound starch synthase GBSSI, starch synthases SSI and SSIIa and their effect on starch properties and eating quality of rice. Rice with the combinantion of the Wx allele for GBSSI and the alk allele for SSIIa has soft and sticky texture both after cooking and after storage. Variation of SSI alleles hardly affects the eating quality	
2.4.1.25	4-alpha-glucanotransferase	nutrition	potential applications in the starch industry	
2.4.1.25	4-alpha-glucanotransferase	nutrition	cycloamylose will be used in the food, pharmaceutical and chemical industries	
2.4.1.25	4-alpha-glucanotransferase	nutrition	acting on gelatinized food-grade potato starch, PyAMase produced a thermoreversible starch product with gelatin-like properties. This thermoreversible gel has potential applications in the food industry