1.8.1.B1 2 GSH + NADP+ - Schistosoma japonicum GSSG + NADPH + H+ - ? 424825 1.8.1.B1 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide + NADPH + H+ - Schistosoma japonicum ? - ? 425429 1.8.1.B1 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH + H+ - Echinococcus granulosus 5'-thionitrobenzoic acid + NADP+ - ? 425789 1.8.1.B1 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH - Echinococcus granulosus 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate + NADP+ - ? 260484 1.8.1.B1 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH - Schistosoma mansoni ? - ? 395983 1.8.1.B1 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH + H+ - Schistosoma mansoni 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate + NADP+ - ? 395980 1.8.1.B1 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH + H+ - Schistosoma japonicum 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate + NADP+ - ? 395980 1.8.1.B1 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH + H+ - Echinococcus granulosus 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate + NADP+ - ? 395980 1.8.1.B1 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH + H+ - Taenia crassiceps 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate + NADP+ - ? 395980 1.8.1.B1 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH + H+ - Taenia solium 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate + NADP+ - ? 395980 1.8.1.B1 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH + H+ - Fasciola gigantica 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate + NADP+ - ? 395980 1.8.1.B1 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH + H+ - Fasciola hepatica 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate + NADP+ - ? 395980 1.8.1.B1 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH + H+ absolute specificity for NADPH as electron donor Taenia crassiceps 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate + NADP+ - ? 395980 1.8.1.B1 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH + H+ - Mus musculus ? - ? 395982 1.8.1.B1 beta-hydroxyethyl disulfide + NADPH + H+ - Fasciola gigantica 2 2-sulfanylethan-1-ol + NADP+ - ? 441133 1.8.1.B1 cytosolic thioredoxin + NADP+ - Echinococcus granulosus cytosolic thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH - r 451774 1.8.1.B1 glutaredoxin + NADPH + H+ - Schistosoma japonicum ? - ? 426447 1.8.1.B1 glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+ - Mus musculus glutathione + NADP+ - ? 388833 1.8.1.B1 glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+ - Echinococcus granulosus glutathione + NADP+ - ? 388833 1.8.1.B1 glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+ - Schistosoma mansoni 2 glutathione + NADP+ - ? 441419 1.8.1.B1 glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+ - Schistosoma japonicum 2 glutathione + NADP+ - ? 441419 1.8.1.B1 glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+ - Taenia crassiceps 2 glutathione + NADP+ - ? 441419 1.8.1.B1 glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+ - Taenia solium 2 glutathione + NADP+ - ? 441419 1.8.1.B1 glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+ - Schistosoma haematobium 2 glutathione + NADP+ - ? 441419 1.8.1.B1 glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+ - Fasciola gigantica 2 glutathione + NADP+ - ? 441419 1.8.1.B1 glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+ - Echinococcus granulosus 2 glutathione + NADP+ - ? 441419 1.8.1.B1 glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+ - Homo sapiens 2 glutathione + NADP+ - ? 441419 1.8.1.B1 glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+ - Opisthorchis viverrini 2 glutathione + NADP+ - ? 441419 1.8.1.B1 glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+ enzyme displays hysteretic behavior Fasciola gigantica 2 glutathione + NADP+ - ? 441419 1.8.1.B1 glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+ the enzyme of the parasite essential for the survival of schistosomes in the mammalian host Schistosoma mansoni 2 glutathione + NADP+ - ? 441419 1.8.1.B1 glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+ the enzyme plays an essential role in maintaining the redox homeostasis and antioxidant defenses in the parasite Fasciola gigantica. Parasitic flukes have a limited set of antioxidant proteins in contrast to their mammalian hosts. In platyhelminthic parasites, the two systems (glutathione/glutaredoxin system and thioredoxin system) are replaced by a single system of a multifunctional flavin containing chimeric selenoenzyme known as thioredoxin glutathione reductase, which donates electrons to both thioredoxin disulfide and glutathione disulfide in these parasites Fasciola gigantica 2 glutathione + NADP+ - ? 441419 1.8.1.B1 glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+ the enzyme follows a two-site ping-pong bi bi kinetic mechanism, in which both substrates and products are bound in rapid equilibrium fashion Taenia crassiceps 2 glutathione + NADP+ - ? 441419 1.8.1.B1 glutathione-hydroxyethyl disulfide + NADPH + H+ - Taenia solium glutathione + 2-sulfanylethan-1-ol + NADP+ - ? 441420 1.8.1.B1 GSSG + NADPH + H+ - Schistosoma mansoni glutathione + NADP+ - ? 388854 1.8.1.B1 GSSG + NADPH + H+ absolute specificity for NADPH as electron donor Taenia crassiceps glutathione + NADP+ - ? 388854 1.8.1.B1 GSSG + NADPH + H+ - Drosophila melanogaster GSH + NADP+ - ? 397363 1.8.1.B1 GSSG + NADPH + H+ - Schistosoma mansoni GSH + NADP+ - ? 397363 1.8.1.B1 GSSG + NADPH + H+ - Schistosoma japonicum GSH + NADP+ - ? 397363 1.8.1.B1 GSSG + NADPH + H+ - Echinococcus granulosus GSH + NADP+ - ? 397363 1.8.1.B1 GSSG + NADPH + H+ - Taenia crassiceps GSH + NADP+ - ? 397363 1.8.1.B1 GSSG + NADPH + H+ - Mus musculus GSH + NADP+ - ? 397363 1.8.1.B1 GSSG + NADPH + H+ - Fasciola hepatica GSH + NADP+ - ? 397363 1.8.1.B1 hydroxyethyl disulfide + NADPH + H+ - Taenia crassiceps ? - ? 426490 1.8.1.B1 insulin disulfide + NADPH + H+ - Taenia solium insulin + NADP+ - ? 441476 1.8.1.B1 mitochondrial thioredoxin + NADP+ - Echinococcus granulosus mitochondrial thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH - r 451775 1.8.1.B1 additional information the parasite-specific enzyme thioredoxin glutathione reductase is a component of the defense system Schistosoma mansoni ? - ? 89 1.8.1.B1 additional information TGR promotes isomerization of disulfide bonds formed between glutathione peroxidase 4 and certain sperm proteins, generating a 46-kDa species containing glutathione peroxidase 4 from high molecular weight nonspecific cross-links Mus musculus ? - ? 89 1.8.1.B1 additional information the glutathione reductase activity of TGR exhibits hysteretic behavior regulated by the [GSSG]/[GSH] ratio. This behavior is associated with glutathionylation by GSSG and abolished by deglutathionylation Echinococcus granulosus ? - ? 89 1.8.1.B1 additional information low catalytic efficiency with H2O2 Taenia crassiceps ? - ? 89 1.8.1.B1 oxidized insulin + NADPH + H+ - Fasciola gigantica reduced insulin + NADP+ - ? 441832 1.8.1.B1 thioredoxin + NADP+ - Schistosoma mansoni thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH - ? 260477 1.8.1.B1 thioredoxin + NADP+ - Schistosoma japonicum thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+ - ? 260478 1.8.1.B1 thioredoxin + NADP+ - Echinococcus granulosus thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+ - ? 260478 1.8.1.B1 thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH absolute specificity for NADPH as electron donor Taenia crassiceps thioredoxin + NADP+ - ? 377877 1.8.1.B1 thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+ - Drosophila melanogaster thioredoxin + NADP+ - ? 395001 1.8.1.B1 thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+ - Mus musculus thioredoxin + NADP+ - ? 395001 1.8.1.B1 thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+ - Schistosoma mansoni thioredoxin + NADP+ - ? 395001 1.8.1.B1 thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+ - Schistosoma japonicum thioredoxin + NADP+ - ? 395001 1.8.1.B1 thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+ - Echinococcus granulosus thioredoxin + NADP+ - ? 395001 1.8.1.B1 thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+ - Taenia crassiceps thioredoxin + NADP+ - ? 395001 1.8.1.B1 thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+ - Schistosoma haematobium thioredoxin + NADP+ - ? 395001 1.8.1.B1 thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+ - Fasciola gigantica thioredoxin + NADP+ - ? 395001 1.8.1.B1 thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+ - Homo sapiens thioredoxin + NADP+ - ? 395001 1.8.1.B1 thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+ - Fasciola hepatica thioredoxin + NADP+ - ? 395001 1.8.1.B1 thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+ - Opisthorchis viverrini thioredoxin + NADP+ - ? 395001 1.8.1.B1 thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+ Escherichia coli thioredoxin disulfide Taenia solium thioredoxin + NADP+ - ? 395001 1.8.1.B1 thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+ the enzyme of the parasite essential for the survival of schistosomes in the mammalian host Schistosoma mansoni thioredoxin + NADP+ - ? 395001 1.8.1.B1 thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+ the enzyme follows a two-site ping-pong bi bi kinetic mechanism, in which both substrates and products are bound in rapid equilibrium fashion Taenia crassiceps thioredoxin + NADP+ - ? 395001