EC Number   |
Recommended Name |
Application |
|---|
   3.4.22.44 | nuclear-inclusion-a endopeptidase |
agriculture |
induction of pathogen derived resistance to plant viruses |
| 3.4.22.45 | helper-component proteinase |
agriculture |
functional characterization of plant virus proteins |
| 3.4.22.45 | helper-component proteinase |
agriculture |
involvement of helper component protease HC-Pro in necrotic symptom expression in broad bean Vicia faba indicated, functional importance for domains of helper component protease HC-Pro determined |
| 3.4.22.45 | helper-component proteinase |
agriculture |
pentapeptide-insertion scanning mutagenesis shown to be a tool for functional characterization of plant virus proteins |
| 3.4.22.B49 | cathepsin L1 |
agriculture |
screening of cathepsin L1/cathepsin L2 mimotopes and use of an M13 phage random 12-mers peptide library to evaluate their immunogenicity in sheep. Immunization of sheep with clones showing positive reactivity to rabbit cathepsin L1/L2 antiserum results in decrease in worm burdens after challenge. A significant reduction in worm size and burden is observed for those sheep immunized with clone 1. Animals receiving clone 20, show a significant reduction in egg output. Immunization induces a reduction of egg viability ranging from 58% to 82%. Vaccinated animals produce clone-specific antibodies which are boosted after challenge with metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica |
| 3.4.22.B49 | cathepsin L1 |
agriculture |
vaccination of rats with recombinant zymogen and subsequent challenge with fasciola hepatica metercercariae. Vaccination results in significantly smaller and fewer flukes than in controls |
| 3.4.22.50 | V-cath endopeptidase |
agriculture |
the introduction of the v-cath gene into the genome of Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus improves its insecticidal activity against Anticarsia gemmatalis larvae |
| 3.4.22.B60 | cathepsin L2 |
agriculture |
screening of cathepsin L1/cathepsin L2 mimotopes and use of an M13 phage random 12-mers peptide library to evaluate their immunogenicity in sheep. Immunization of sheep with clones showing positive reactivity to rabbit cathepsin L1/L2 antiserum results in decrease in worm burdens after challenge. A significant reduction in worm size and burden is observed for those sheep immunized with clone 1. Animals receiving clone 20, show a significant reduction in egg output. Immunization induces a reduction of egg viability ranging from 58% to 82%. Vaccinated animals produce clone-specific antibodies which are boosted after challenge with metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica |
| 3.4.22.B61 | cathepsin L5 |
agriculture |
vaccination of rats with recombinant zymogen and subsequent challenge with Fasciola hepatica metercercariae. Vaccination results in significantly smaller and fewer flukes than in controls. Maximal protection of 83% is seen in the group vaccinated with cathepsin B and cathepsin L5 in combinantion |
| 3.4.22.B61 | cathepsin L5 |
agriculture |
Fasciola hepatica infection continues to be a major problem in the agriculture sector, particularly in sheep and cattle. Cathepsin L and B proteases are major components of the excretory/secretory material of the parasite, and their roles in several important aspects of parasite invasion and survival has led to their use as targets in rational vaccine design. Recombinant versions of cathepsin L5 and cathepsin B2 produced in yeast are used in combination in a commercial adjuvant preparation to vaccinate sheep. Intramuscular and intranasal forms of administration are applied, and sheep are subsequently challenged with 150 Fasciola hepatica metacercariae. Intramuscular vaccination is able to induce a strong systemic antibody response against both antigens, but fails to confer significant protection. Conversely, no elevated antibody response is detected against the vaccine antigens following nasal vaccination, but a reduction in parasite egg viability (above 92%) and a statistically significant, predominantly adjuvant-mediated reduction in worm burdens is observed |
| 3.4.24.64 | mitochondrial processing peptidase |
agriculture |
MPP which are specific for the soluble form only present in fungi and animals may work as fungicides or insecticides |
| 3.5.1.28 | N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase |
agriculture |
Bacillus thuringiensis strains targeting cwlC have the potential to become more effective biological control agents in agricultural applications since the crystal inclusion remains encapsulated in the mother cell at the end of sporulation |
| 3.5.1.28 | N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase |
agriculture |
the recombinant thermostable chimeric endolysin can potentially be utilized as a feed additive to control the bacterium Clostridium perfringens during poultry production |
| 3.5.1.41 | chitin deacetylase |
agriculture |
the enzyme is used as a biocontrol agent against a number of plant parasitic nematodes in food-security crops |
| 3.5.1.84 | biuret amidohydrolase |
agriculture |
one step in the mineralization of s-triazine compounds, extensive used as herbicides or pesticides in agriculture worldwide, and hence in their complete removal from environment |
| 3.5.1.88 | peptide deformylase |
agriculture |
the enzyme is a possible target for a new class of broad-spectrum herbicides |
| 3.5.1.88 | peptide deformylase |
agriculture |
peptide deformylase is a potential broad-spectrum herbicide target |
| 3.5.1.97 | acyl-homoserine-lactone acylase |
agriculture |
effective in quenching quorum sensing of fish pathogens |
| 3.5.1.97 | acyl-homoserine-lactone acylase |
agriculture |
may be used to degrade pathogenic biofilms in fish intestines |
| 3.5.2.15 | cyanuric acid amidohydrolase |
agriculture |
one step in complete mineralization of s-triazines in herbicide-contaminated soils and wastewater |
| 3.5.2.15 | cyanuric acid amidohydrolase |
agriculture |
cleavage of the s-triazine ring is an important step in the mineralization of s-triazine compounds, extensive used as herbicides or pesticides in agriculture worldwide, and hence in their complete removal from environment |
 3.5.4.1 | cytosine deaminase |
agriculture |
CodA can be used as a negative selection marker in Glycine max. Wild-type seedlings are not affected by inclusion of 5-fluorcytosine in growth media, whiule transgenic Glycine max plants expressing CodA and grown in the presence of more than 200 microg/ml 5-fluorocytosine exhibit reductions in hypocotyl and tap-root lengths, and severe suppression of lateral root development |
| 3.5.4.1 | cytosine deaminase |
agriculture |
construction of a fusion protein of fluorocytosine deaminase FCY with the bacterial uracil phosphoribosyl transferase (UPP) gene. The recombinant protein converts the precursor 5-fluorocytosine into 5-fluorouracyl, used in the treatment of a range of cancers. The FCY-UPP gene construct acts in a cell-autonomous manner and can inactivate slow developmental processes like lateral root formation by targeting pericycle cells. The 5-fluorouracil precursor acts systemically the tissular inactivation is reversible, and can be used to synchronize plant responses or to determine cell type-specific functions during different developmental stages |
| 3.5.4.43 | hydroxydechloroatrazine ethylaminohydrolase |
agriculture |
degradation of atrazine to non-phytotoxic metabolites |
| 3.5.4.43 | hydroxydechloroatrazine ethylaminohydrolase |
agriculture |
expression of the atrazine degradation-related gene atzB in coculture treatments (of Arthrobacter sp. DNS10 and Enterobacter sp. P1 is a phosphorus-solubilizing bacterium that releases various kinds of organic acids but lacks the ability to degrade atrazine) is 1.8 times that of the single strain DNS10 culture treatment. This phenomenon is due to metabolite exchange between the two strains. Culturing these two strains together is a biostimulation strategy to enhance the biodegradation of atrazine and the level of available phosphorus in soil by culturing these two strains together |
| 3.5.5.6 | bromoxynil nitrilase |
agriculture |
recent experiments indicate that expression of this bacterial nitrilase in transgenic plants results in high levels of resistance to the herbicide bromoxynil |
| 3.5.99.7 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase |
agriculture |
- |
| 3.5.99.7 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase |
agriculture |
in presence of enzyme-containing bacteria, growth of canola seedlings is enhanced and the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid levels in these roots are lowered |
| 3.5.99.7 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase |
agriculture |
increase of root elongation by 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid using bacteria depends significantly on nutrient status of the plant |
| 3.5.99.7 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase |
agriculture |
ability of transgenic tomato plants expressing the enzyme under different promoters to grow in the presence of metal ions |
| 3.5.99.7 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase |
agriculture |
development of tomato plants with delayed fruit ripening by Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transfer of a gene encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase, the enzyme delays fruit ripening by decreasing ethylene synthesis |
| 3.5.99.7 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase |
agriculture |
rapid procedure for isolation of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase-containig bacteria |
| 3.5.99.7 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase |
agriculture |
Burkholderia phytofirmans sp. nov. isolated from surface-sterilized onion roots, shows high enzyme activity and is able to establish rhizosphere and endophytic populations associated with various plants |
| 3.5.99.7 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase |
agriculture |
expression of enzyme in Brassica napus provides the transgenic calona lines with tolerance to the inhibitory effects of salt stress, with the root-specific promoter rolD being the most effective. Improved salt tolerance is most likely due to decreased synthesis of stress ethylene |
| 3.5.99.7 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase |
agriculture |
expression of enzyme in Lycopersicon esculentum yields plant showing a very healthy and more productive phenotype compared to wild-type. Transgenic plants have a higher chlorophyll content, and transgenic fruits show higher lycopene and beta-carotene content. Expression using promoters rolD or 35S is most effective, leading to larger roots, higher chlorophyll leaf and protein content, and increased average fruit weight |
| 3.5.99.7 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase |
agriculture |
expression of enzyme in Pisum sativum stimulates root growth and increases root and shoot biomass in non-polluted soils, depending on genotype of host plant. No effect in presence of Cd2+ |
| 3.5.99.7 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase |
agriculture |
inoculation of Brassica campestris with Methylobacterium fujisawaense results in lower levels of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate in the tissues of seeds due to bacterial enzyme activity. Activity of plant 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate remains lower in treated seedlings leading to lowered ethylene in plants and preventing ethylene inhibition of root elongation |
| 3.5.99.7 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase |
agriculture |
inoculation of Pisum sativum with bacteria expressing enzyme increases shoot biomass in non-polluted soil and root and shoot biomass in non-polluted and Cd-supplemented soils, depending on genotype of host plant |
| 3.5.99.7 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase |
agriculture |
inoculation of Pisum sativum with bacteria expressing enzyme stimulates root growth and increases shoot biomass in non-polluted and Cd-supplemented soils, depending on genotype of host plant |
| 3.5.99.7 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase |
agriculture |
inoculation of Zea mays or Vigna radiata with isolate of Pseudomonas fluorescens showing high enzymic activity results in 1.6fold increase in fresh biomass of seedling, root and shoot growth as well as nodulation are promoted |
| 3.5.99.7 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase |
agriculture |
inoculation of Zea mays or Vigna radiata with isolate of Pseudomonas putida showing high enzymic activity results in 2fold increase in fresh biomass of seedling, root and shoot growth as well as nodulation are promoted |
| 3.5.99.7 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase |
agriculture |
bacterial strains that contain ACC deaminase confer salt tolerance to plants by lowering salt induced ethylene synthesis |
| 3.5.99.7 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase |
agriculture |
Azospirillum lipoferum strain AZm5 containing ACC deaminase activity improves the growth and physiology of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants under a deficiency of and medium doses of nitrogenous fertilizers |
| 3.5.99.7 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase |
agriculture |
ACC deaminase containing rhizobacterium Variovorax paradoxus strain 5C-2 mitigates salt stress by improving water relations, ion homeostasis and photosynthesis of pea plants, and may provide an economic means of promoting growth of plants exposed to salt stress |
| 3.6.1.5 | apyrase |
agriculture |
expression of enzyme in in Lotus japonicus results in enhanced nodulation that correlates with expression level |
| 3.6.5.5 | dynamin GTPase |
agriculture |
the edr3 mutant displays enhanced disease resistance to Erysiphe cichoracearum and enhanced susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea |
| 3.7.1.1 | oxaloacetase |
agriculture |
oxalate production by Moniliophthora perniciosa may play a role in the Witches' Broom disease pathogenesis mechanism |
| 3.7.1.24 | 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol hydrolase |
agriculture |
the potent antimicrobial compound 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol is a major determinant of biocontrol activity of plant-beneficial Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 against root diseases caused by fungal pathogens |
| 3.8.1.3 | haloacetate dehalogenase |
agriculture |
recombinant in rumen bacterium Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens |
| 3.8.1.3 | haloacetate dehalogenase |
agriculture |
detoxification of poisonous plants for animal food |
| 3.8.1.5 | haloalkane dehalogenase |
agriculture |
biodegradation of 1,2-dichloropropane and 2-chloropropane via modified enzyme |
| 3.8.1.5 | haloalkane dehalogenase |
agriculture |
biodegradation of pollutant insecticide gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) |
| 3.8.1.5 | haloalkane dehalogenase |
agriculture |
biocatalyzation and bioremediation of haloalkanes |
| 3.8.1.8 | atrazine chlorohydrolase |
agriculture |
atrazine metabolites, i.e. alkylamines, are toxic in higher concentrations for the bacteria without buffered milieu due to low pH |
| 3.8.1.8 | atrazine chlorohydrolase |
agriculture |
degradation of chemically stable and toxic herbicide atrazine in soil and groundwater to non-toxic hydroxyatrazine |
| 3.13.2.1 | adenosylhomocysteinase |
agriculture |
high priority genes for follow-up biochemical and physiological studies on the mechanisms of Al tolerance in maize are AltSB like ZmASL, aluminum-activated malate transporter ALMT2, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteinase SAHH, and malic enzyme ME |
| 3.13.2.1 | adenosylhomocysteinase |
agriculture |
quantitative, high-throughput biocontrol assay that can be applied to the screening of large numbers of mutants of strain K84 under conditions that mimic the control of crown gall disease in the field by this widely successful biocontrol agent. The basis for this bioassay relies on the careful optimization of the populations of the biocontrol agent and the challenge pathogen, and gives a reproducible 100% level of infection in the absence of the biocontrol agent and 100% control when strain K84 is introduced |
| 4.1.1.2 | oxalate decarboxylase |
agriculture |
development of transgenic plants resistant to fungal infection, transgenic tobacco and tomato plants expressing oxalate decarboxylase show remarkable resistance to phytopathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum that utilizes oxalic acid during infestation |
| 4.1.1.2 | oxalate decarboxylase |
agriculture |
control of fungal plant pathogen |
| 4.1.1.2 | oxalate decarboxylase |
agriculture |
the enzyme represents a potentially source of resistance against oxalate- and Nep1-like protein-producing pathogens such as Moniliophthora perniciosa, the causal agent of witches' broom disease of cacao, Theobroma cacao |
| 4.1.1.19 | arginine decarboxylase |
agriculture |
generation of stress-resistent plants |
| 4.1.1.25 | tyrosine decarboxylase |
agriculture |
expression of tyrosine decarboxylase under the control of a methanol-inducible plant tryptophan decarboxylase promoter and generation of transgenic T2 homozygous rice plants. The plants show normal growth phenotypes with slightly increased levels of tyramine in seeds relative to wild type. Upon treatment with 1% methanol, the transgenic rice leaves produce large amounts of tyramine, whereas no increase in tyramine production is observed in wild-type plants. The methanol-induced accumulation of tyramine in the transgenic rice leaves is inversely correlated with the tyrosine level |
| 4.1.1.31 | phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase |
agriculture |
PEPC activated in the Brachiaria hybrid under low-P and low-pH conditions may contribute to the plants greater adaptation to tropical acid soils with P-low availability |
| 4.1.1.31 | phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase |
agriculture |
the PEPC gene and photosynthetic characteristics of PEPC transgenic rice can be stably transferred to the hybrid progenies, which might open a new breeding approach to the integration of conventional hybridization and biological technology |
| 4.1.1.37 | uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase |
agriculture |
first step to establish this enzyme as a possible biomarker for environmental contamination |
| 4.1.1.39 | ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase |
agriculture |
target for increasing agricultural productivity |
| 4.1.1.39 | ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase |
agriculture |
replacment of native wheat Rubisco with Hordeum vulgare enzyme increases photosynthetic performance at 25°C and at 35°C. At 25°C Rubisco from Hordeum vulgare maximally increases the assimilation rate by 22%. Exchange of residue K14Q is the only difference relative to Triticum aestivum cv Cadenza |
| 4.1.1.39 | ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase |
agriculture |
replacment of native wheat Rubisco with the enzyme increases photosynthetic performance at 25°C and at 35°C. At 25°C Rubisco from Aegilops cylindrica maximally increases the assimilation rate by 23% |
| 4.1.1.50 | adenosylmethionine decarboxylase |
agriculture |
incubation of the cut flower with water increases both enzyme activity and spermine content 2fold, which are followed by ethylene production. Reaction may be a resistance mechanism against fungal and bacterial infection. Overexpression of enzyme may be a tool to improve rose cultivars for the common usage |
| 4.1.1.72 | branched-chain-2-oxoacid decarboxylase |
agriculture |
plants with enzymic activity show enhanced cold tolerance, role as a protective mechanism for growth of plants under sub optimal temperatures |
| 4.1.1.101 | malolactic enzyme |
agriculture |
a Saccharomyces cerevisiae peptidic fraction with an apparent molecular masses of 5-10 kDa inhibits the enzyme in synthetic grape juices and in Cabernet Sauvignon and Syrah wines. The peptidic fraction is gradually released during the alcoholic fermentation |
| 4.1.1.101 | malolactic enzyme |
agriculture |
comparison of genomes of 10 indigenous Oenococcus oeni strains isolated from Negroamaro wine. All strains possess 10 genes encoding enzymes such as malolactic enzyme (mleA), esterase (estA), citrate lyase (citD, citE and citF), citrate transporter (maeP), a-acetolactate decarboxylase (alsD), aacetolactate synthase (alsS), S-adenosylmethionine synthase (metK) and cystathionine beta-lyase (metC) and result negative in the detection of genes encoding cystathionine gamma-lyase (metB), ornithine transcarbamylase (arcB) and carbamate kinase (arcC) |
| 4.1.1.101 | malolactic enzyme |
agriculture |
isolation of strains for malolactic fermantation. Strain JBE60 shows the highest resistance against 10% (v/v) ethanol and lowers the concentration of malic acid to average 43% |
| 4.1.1.101 | malolactic enzyme |
agriculture |
screening for strains with high malolactic enzyme activites as oenological starter cultures in malolactic fermentation. 2 strains have the capability of growing in wine-like conditions i.e. pH 3.0, ethanol concentration of 14% (v/v) and show malic acid degradation rates of 430.625 mg/l and day and 76.994 mg/l and day, respectively |
| 4.1.2.10 | (R)-mandelonitrile lyase |
agriculture |
hydroxynitrile lyases are involved in the synthesis of enantiomerically pure cyanohydrins which are important intermediates in the production of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. The enzyme synthesizes (R)-mandelonitrile in both, batch reaction and fed-batch reaction and can be effectively used in the synthesis of (R)-mandelonitrile |
| 4.1.2.10 | (R)-mandelonitrile lyase |
agriculture |
the enzyme has very high potential for synthesis of cyanohydrins and can be used for the production of enantiopure cyanohydrins. Cyanohydrins are important intermediates in the production of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals |
| 4.1.2.13 | fructose-bisphosphate aldolase |
agriculture |
transgenic Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Xanthi expressing Arabidopsis plastid aldolase shows 1.4-1.9fold higher aldolase activities than wild-type, associated with enhanced growth, culminating in increased biomass, particularly under high CO2 concentration where the increase reached 2.2fold relative to wild-type plants. This increase is associated with a 1.5fold elevation of photosynthetic CO2 fixation in the transgenic plants. Overexpression results in a decrease in 3-phosphoglycerate and an increase in ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate and its immediate precursors in the Calvin cycle |
| 4.1.2.13 | fructose-bisphosphate aldolase |
agriculture |
the enzyme can be utilized as a broad-spectrum vaccine against various pathogenic bacteria of aquaculture in the future |
| 4.1.2.47 | (S)-hydroxynitrile lyase |
agriculture |
enantiomerically pure cyanohydrins produced by enzyme-catalyzed synthesis are important synthetic intermediates for agrochemicals |
| 4.2.1.69 | cyanamide hydratase |
agriculture |
due to its innate ability to convert cyanamide to urea and the broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of cyanamide, the cah gene can be used to facilitate plant growth promotion and biocontrol of phytopathogens |
| 4.2.1.105 | 2-hydroxyisoflavanone dehydratase |
agriculture |
regulation of isoflavonoid biosynthesis |
| 4.2.1.130 | D-lactate dehydratase |
agriculture |
Hsp31 is a tool to engineer plants against both biotic and abiotic stresses |
| 4.2.2.2 | pectate lyase |
agriculture |
during infection controlling of pectate lyase and pectin lyase activities by host sap pH or oligogalacturonides would be the best mechanism to control Fusarium colonization or infection |
| 4.2.2.3 | mannuronate-specific alginate lyase |
agriculture |
the alginate oligomers prepared by the lyase from Streptomyces sp. A5 show growth-promoting activity on the roots of banana plantlets. Encapsulation method using alginate microbeads to inoculate beneficial streptomycete strains might be beneficial to the root growth of banana plantlets |
| 4.2.2.10 | pectin lyase |
agriculture |
purified enzyme is able to elicit disease resistance in cucumber seedlings |
| 4.2.2.11 | guluronate-specific alginate lyase |
agriculture |
oligosaccharides produced by alginase may act as osmoprotective agents during the plant germination process. The relative root length of Brassica campestris L. increases with the addition of oligosaccharides with reduced degrees of polymerization. The oligosaccharides with lower degree of polymerization-values are effective in reducing the effect of salt stress on the activity of the superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase, and oligosaccharides with moderate degree of polymerization-values can reduce the increase in lipid peroxidation activities induced by salt stress |
| 4.2.3.1 | threonine synthase |
agriculture |
possible herbicide target |
| 4.2.3.1 | threonine synthase |
agriculture |
as one of the few enzymes that are cross-activated by the product of another pathway, S-adenosyl-L-methionine, it has a potential application as a target for herbicides |
| 4.2.3.8 | casbene synthase |
agriculture |
- |
| 4.2.3.8 | casbene synthase |
agriculture |
plant disease resistance macrocyclic diterpene hydrocarbons formed in response to fungal attack, antibiotic properties of phytoalexins as hypersensitive response of plants to invasion by potentially pathogenic microorganisms |
| 4.2.3.13 | (+)-delta-cadinene synthase |
agriculture |
RNAi is used to disrupt gossypol biosynthesis in cotton seed tissue by interfering with the expression of the delta-cadinene synthase gene during seed development. It is possible to significantly reduce cottonseed-gossypol levels in a stable and heritable manner. The levels of gossypol and related terpenoids in the foliage and floral parts are not diminished, and thus their potential function in plant defense against insects and diseases remains untouched. A targeted genetic modification, applied to an underutilized agricultural byproduct, provides a mechanism to open up a new source of nutrition for hundreds of millions of people |
| 4.2.3.16 | (4S)-limonene synthase |
agriculture |
putative production of transgenic aromatic plants overexpressing monoterpene synthases |
| 4.2.3.16 | (4S)-limonene synthase |
agriculture |
UV-B irradiation differentially modulates the expression of genes involved in peppermint essential oil biogenesis and the content of UV-B absorbing flavonoids. Plants grown in field are better adapted to increasing UV-B irradiation than plants cultivated in growth chambers |
| 4.2.3.24 | amorpha-4,11-diene synthase |
agriculture |
growth of self-pollinated F2 plants under optimized growth conditions, consisting of long day, i.e. 16 h of light, and short day, i.e.9 h of light exposures in a phytotron. The leaves on the main stems exhibit obvious morphological changes, from indented single leaves to odd, pinnately compound leaves. Leaves and flowers form glandular and T-shaped trichomes on their surfaces. The glandular trichome densities increased from the bottom to the top leaves. Leaves, flowers, and young seedlings of F2 plants produce artemisinin. In leaves, the levels of artemisinin increases from the bottom to the top of the plants, showing a positive correlation to the density increase of glandular trichomes. Progeny of self-pollinated plants express the amorpha-4, 11-diene synthase and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase 71 AV1 genes |
| 4.2.3.24 | amorpha-4,11-diene synthase |
agriculture |
overexpression of HMG-Co A reductase gene from Catharanthus roseus G. Don and amorpha-4,11-diene synthase gene from Artemisia annua in Artemisia annua L. plants to study their effects on artemisinin yields. The artemisinin contents are up to 7.7fold increased in the transgenics |
| 4.2.3.25 | S-linalool synthase |
agriculture |
putative relevance for the engineering of indirect plant defence |
| 4.2.3.46 | alpha-farnesene synthase |
agriculture |
Because diphenylamine treatment leaves unwanted chemical residues on the fruit, restricts export markets, and creates environmental concerns, a long-range molecular genetic strategy for control of scald by reduction of (E,E)-alpha-farnesene synthesis in scald-susceptible apples is searched. The success of this strategy will rely on our ability to identify, clone, and characterize key genes involved in alpha-farnesene biosynthesis and its regulation by ethylene. |
| 4.2.3.47 | beta-farnesene synthase |
agriculture |
overexpression of isoforms of betaFS1 or betaFS2 in tobacco plants results in the emission of (E)-beta-farnesene ranging from 1.55 to 4.65 ng/day/g fresh tissues. The transgenic tobacco plants are able to repel peach aphids (Myzus persicae), but not as strongly as expected. Transgenic lines exhibit strong and statistically significant attraction to lacewings (Chrysopa septempunctata) thus minimizing aphid infestation |
| 4.2.3.48 | (3S,6E)-nerolidol synthase |
agriculture |
introduction of the mitochondrial nerolidol synthase gene to Arabidopsis thaliana mediates de novo emission of (E)-nerolidol and linalool. Co-expression of the nerolidol synthase FPS1 and cytosolic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase 1 increases the number of emitting transgenic plants (incidence rate) and the emission rate of both volatiles. No association between the emission rate of transgenic volatiles and their growth inhibitory effect can be established.(E)-Nerolidol is to a large extent metabolized to non-volatile conjugates |
| 4.2.3.51 | beta-phellandrene synthase (neryl-diphosphate-cyclizing) |
agriculture |
monoterpenes produced in fruits overexpressing both isoform PHS1 and neryl diphsphate synthase NDPS1 contribute to direct plant defense negatively affecting feeding behavior of the herbivore Helicoverpa zea and displaying antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea |
