EC Number   |
Recommended Name |
Application |
|---|
   3.13.2.1 | adenosylhomocysteinase |
molecular biology |
a coupled fluorescent assay for histone methyltransferase utilizes S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase to hydrolyze the methyltransfer product S-adenosylhomocysteine to homocysteine and adenosine. The homocysteine concentration is then determined through conjugation of its free sulfhydryl moiety to a thiol-sensitive fluorophore. the assay allows rapid and facile determination of histine methyltransferase kinetics and can be adapted to measure the enzymatic activity of a wide variety of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases |
| 3.13.2.1 | adenosylhomocysteinase |
molecular biology |
AdoHcyase overexpression results in elevated adenosine levels and decreased cell viability. Furthermore, AdoHcyase overexpressing cells show different features typical for apoptosis (cell detachment, caspase-like activity, DNA fragmentation), suggesting that cell death is due to apoptosis |
| 3.13.2.1 | adenosylhomocysteinase |
molecular biology |
Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B cleaves human S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase and induces hypermethioninemia |
 4.1.1.23 | orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase |
molecular biology |
usage of the gene as a selection marker |
| 4.1.1.23 | orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase |
molecular biology |
the orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase encoding gene, pm-ura3, from Pestalotiopsis microspora strain NK17 is utilized as a marker in the construction of a reusable system for gene scarless deletion, restoration, and tagging. No heterogeneous markers are needed, and the accumulation of foreign DNA sequences such as HisG, FRP, and LoxP is avoided |
| 4.1.1.39 | ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase |
molecular biology |
a continuous assay for Rubisco activity in crude cell extracts using the Mn2+ chemiluminescence of Rubisco oxygenase is described |
| 4.1.1.39 | ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase |
molecular biology |
a membrane inlet mass spectrometer method is developed that simultaneously determines the rate of Rubisco carboxylation (vc) and oxygenation (vo) and the CO2 and O2 concentrations |
| 4.1.1.39 | ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase |
molecular biology |
a membrane inlet mass spectrometer method is developped that simultaneously determines the rate of Rubisco carboxylation (vc) and oxygenation (vo) and the CO2 and O2 concentrations |
| 4.1.1.39 | ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase |
molecular biology |
proteome analysis of peanut leaf is conducted using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in combination with sequence identification using MALDI/TOF. A master leaf polypeptide profile is generated based on the consistently expressed protein pattern. Proteins present in 205 spots are identified, including RuBisCO |
| 4.1.2.13 | fructose-bisphosphate aldolase |
molecular biology |
the enzyme gene controls the flux of key intermediates for oil biosynthesis |
| 4.1.3.1 | isocitrate lyase |
molecular biology |
cell growth in presence of high salt concentrations (1 M NaCl or KCl) leads to increase in enzyme activity consisting with higher levels of succinate and decreased levels of isocitrate |
| 4.1.3.1 | isocitrate lyase |
molecular biology |
glyoxylate shunt crucial for NADH/NADPH conversion cycle |
| 4.1.3.27 | anthranilate synthase |
molecular biology |
use of the feedback-insensitive alpha-subunit OASA1D (N323D) of anthranilate synthase as a selectable marker for transformation of rice and potato, the selection system will prove applicable to a wide range of plant species and culture procedures |
| 4.2.1.11 | phosphopyruvate hydratase |
molecular biology |
alpha-enolase doubles as a surface-displayed plasminogen-binder supporting virulence |
| 4.2.1.11 | phosphopyruvate hydratase |
molecular biology |
influence of enolase on membrane fusion of vacuoles and protein trafficking analyzed |
| 4.2.1.11 | phosphopyruvate hydratase |
molecular biology |
studies on mitochondrial import machinery of Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| 4.2.1.104 | cyanase |
molecular biology |
analyses of conditions to metabolize exogenously supplied cyanate |
| 4.2.1.104 | cyanase |
molecular biology |
analyses of conditions to metabolize exogenously supplied cyanate, depending on proteins of the Cyn-ABDS operon, light, and on activity of the CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM), low internal pools of HCO3- and CO2 result in an insufficient supply of bicarbonate |
| 4.2.1.104 | cyanase |
molecular biology |
analyses of conditions to metabolize exogenously supplied cyanate, depending on proteins of the CynABDS operon, light, and on activity of the CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM), inactivation of the cynS gene leads to inability of decomposition of external cyanate |
| 4.2.1.104 | cyanase |
molecular biology |
analyses of conditions to metabolize exogenously supplied cyanate, depending on proteins of the CynABDS operon, light, and on activity of the CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM), mutagensis of a periplasmatic binding protein of a multicomponent ABC-transporter (CynA), leads to inability of decomposition of external cyanate due to impaired cyanate uptake, cyanase function is not affected |
| 4.2.1.104 | cyanase |
molecular biology |
analyses of conditions to metabolize exogenously supplied cyanate, depending on proteins of the operon CynABDS, light and internal pools of HCO3- and CO2 |
| 4.2.2.2 | pectate lyase |
molecular biology |
pectate lyase plays an important degradative role in the primary wall and middle lamella in ripening strawberry fruit, and should be included in synergistic models of cell wall disassembly |
| 4.2.2.2 | pectate lyase |
molecular biology |
pH-regulated response is only part of a multi-factor regulation of PELB. Sugars are also needed to promote the transition from quiescent to active necrotrophic development by the pathogen |
| 4.2.2.2 | pectate lyase |
molecular biology |
the increase in expression of both pectate lyase correlates well with the decrease in firmness observed in the fruit |
| 4.2.2.2 | pectate lyase |
molecular biology |
virulence factors, including pectate lyase (Pel),exoprotease, tabtoxin, and syringomycin production, are found to be regulated by GacS/GacA homologues in phytopathogens |
| 4.2.2.3 | mannuronate-specific alginate lyase |
molecular biology |
this is the first report that yeast cells displaying alginate lyase are used to produce different lengths of oligosaccharides from alginate |
| 4.2.2.20 | chondroitin-sulfate-ABC endolyase |
molecular biology |
glycosaminoglycans are extracted from cooked haddock muscle. Reverse phase chromatography and digestion with chondroitinase ABC (Chase) is used. FeCl3 is mixed with the purified glycosaminoglycans, and Fe uptake is measured by ferritin formation using an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model. The identificative analyses suggest that chondroitin/dermatan sulfate-related structures promote Fe uptake by Caco-2 cells |
| 4.3.1.18 | D-Serine ammonia-lyase |
molecular biology |
the dsdA gene is used as a selectable marker for transformation of Arabidopsis |
| 4.3.1.19 | threonine ammonia-lyase |
molecular biology |
in contrast to the wild-type, all four transgenic TD lines are able to tolerate high concentrations of L-O-methylthreonine. This illustrates the potential use of these mutant omr genes as dominant selectable markers in plant transformation |
| 4.4.1.17 | Holocytochrome-c synthase |
molecular biology |
system III, cytochrome c heme lyase, is an enzyme found in the mitochondria of many eukaryotes, which is used for heterologous expression of mitochondrial holocytochromes c |
| 4.4.1.20 | leukotriene-C4 synthase |
molecular biology |
the third hydrophobic region, containing a putative transmembrane helix, acts as a nuclear envelope localization signal and is involved in the homooligomerization of LTC4S |
| 4.4.1.20 | leukotriene-C4 synthase |
molecular biology |
TNF-alpha exposure downregulates the LTC4 synthase gene expression in monocytes/macrophages via a transcriptional mechanism |
| 4.4.1.20 | leukotriene-C4 synthase |
molecular biology |
transient transfection into human monocytic leukemia (THP-1), rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-1), and human embryonic kidney (HEK293/T) epithelial cells show that eGFP was expressed by cells which express leukotriene C4 synthase (RBL-1 and THP-1) but not by the leukotriene C4 synthase negative HEK293/T cells |
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase |
molecular biology |
the enzyme is a favorable optogenetic tools for non-invasive, cell-selective, and spatio-temporally precise modulation of cAMP/cGMP with light. The rhodopsin domain from Catenaria is more photostable than that from Blastocladiella, and the signaling state persists longer, both of which are highly desirable traits for optogenetic applications |
| 4.6.1.2 | guanylate cyclase |
molecular biology |
the enzyme is a favorable optogenetic tool for non-invasive, cell-selective, and spatio-temporally precise modulation of cAMP/cGMP with light. The rhodopsin domain from Catenaria is more photostable than that from Blastocladiella, and the signaling state persists longer, both of which are highly desirable traits for optogenetic applications |
| 4.6.1.2 | guanylate cyclase |
molecular biology |
the enzyme is a favorable optogenetic tools for non-invasive, cell-selective, and spatio-temporally precise modulation of cAMP/cGMP with light. The rhodopsin domain from Catenaria is more photostable than that from Blastocladiella, and the signaling state persists longer, both of which are highly desirable traits for optogenetic applications |
| 4.6.1.13 | phosphatidylinositol diacylglycerol-lyase |
molecular biology |
enzyme is used as a tool in the studies of GPI-anchored proteins |
| 4.6.1.16 | tRNA-intron lyase |
molecular biology |
controlled RNA splicing in mammalian cells. mRNA modification technology that makes use of tRNA splicing endonuclease and its natural substrate, the bulge-helix-bulge structure. These components can perform both cis- and trans-splicing in cellular and animal models and may provide a convenient way to modulate gene expression using components independent of cellular regulatory networks. To use the Methanocaldococcus jannaschii enzyme in stable expression mammalian systems, variants are developed which are characterized by high efficiency and sustainable in vivo activity. The variants are created by the introduction of proper localization signals followed by mutagenesis and direct selection in mammalian cells. The best endonuclease variant shows 40fold higher activity compared to the parental enzyme and stable processing of 30% of the target mRNA. These variants show complete compatibility with long-term expression in mammalian cells, suggesting that they may be usefully applied in functional genomics and genetically modified animal models |
| 5.1.1.5 | lysine racemase |
molecular biology |
the enzyme is valuable to serve as a novel non-antibiotic selectable marker in the generation of transgenic plants |
| 5.1.1.8 | 4-hydroxyproline epimerase |
molecular biology |
PrpA can be used as a protein adjuvant in a live Salmonella delivery system, in order to increase humoral responses effectively without major interference on the cell mediated immunity |
| 5.4.2.2 | phosphoglucomutase (alpha-D-glucose-1,6-bisphosphate-dependent) |
molecular biology |
phosphoglucomutase is a very suitable marker for analysis of the inter-breed and intra-breed polymorphism for the mulberry silkworm, and for determining the level of genetic variability |
| 5.4.99.B25 | tRNA pseudouridine54 synthase |
molecular biology |
using the COG1901 recombinant enzyme from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii (Mj1640), purified enzyme Pus10 from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii and full-size tRNA transcripts or T(PSI)-arm (17-mer) fragments as substrates, the sequential pathway of m(1)PSI54 formation in Archaea is reconstituted |
| 5.6.1.7 | chaperonin ATPase |
molecular biology |
CPN10 and CPN60.2 are suitable markers for the mitochondria of Leishmania spp. |
| 5.6.1.7 | chaperonin ATPase |
molecular biology |
the development of a spectroscopic actin folding assay that allows actin folding by CCT to be monitored in real time through labeling with the environmentally sensitive dye acrylodan. This approach allows greater sensitivity in the measurement of actin folding kinetics than gel electrophoresis-based assays, and is used to observe the effects of ATP concentration and temperature on the rate of actin folding |
| 6.1.1.5 | isoleucine-tRNA ligase |
molecular biology |
enzyme is a target for receptor-guided inhibitor design |
| 6.1.1.7 | alanine-tRNA ligase |
molecular biology |
a combined action of ligases MurM and MurN is required in order to rationalise the high level of dipeptide cross-links in penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, with ligase MurM showing the major difference between penicillin-resistant and penicillin-sensitive strains |
| 6.1.1.7 | alanine-tRNA ligase |
molecular biology |
the unique widespread distribution of the free-standing editing domain homolog AlaXp is most probably due to singular difficulties, for translation, poised by alanine |
| 6.1.1.11 | serine-tRNA ligase |
molecular biology |
the role of VlmL in valanimycin biosynthesis is to produce L-seryl-tRNA for the valanimycin biosynthetic pathway |
| 6.1.1.14 | glycine-tRNA ligase |
molecular biology |
translation of mRNA for yeast glycyl-tRNA synthetase is alternatively initiated from UUG and a downstream AUG initiation codon. Unlike an AUG initiation codon, efficiency of this non-AUG initiation codon is significantly affected by its sequence context, in particular the nucleotides at positions -3 to -1 relative to the initiation codon. A/A/R (R: A or G) and C/G/C appear to be the most and least favorable sequences at these positions, respectively. Mutation of the native context sequence -3 to -1 from AAA to CGC reduce translation initiation from the UUG codon up to 32fold and resulted in loss of mitochondrial respiration |
| 6.1.1.16 | cysteine-tRNA ligase |
molecular biology |
Mycoplasmas hyopneumoniae are collected from bronchial alveolar lavage samples of infected pigs 28 days postinfection and compared to broth-grown cells using microarrays. During lung infection, the analysis indicates that 79 genes are differentially expressed. Of the down-regulated genes, 28 of 46 (61%) lacked an assigned function, in comparison to 21 of 33 (63%) of up-regulated genes. Cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase is down-regulated in vivo |
| 6.1.1.26 | pyrrolysine-tRNAPyl ligase |
molecular biology |
the pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNAPyl suppression system can be used for the in vitro synthesis of peptides with nonnatural backbones |
| 6.1.1.26 | pyrrolysine-tRNAPyl ligase |
molecular biology |
PylRS as aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase allows the Pyl incorporation machinery to be easily engineered for the genetic incorporation of more than 100 non-canonical amino acids (NCAAs) or alpha-hydroxy acids into proteins at amber codon and the reassignment of other codons such as ochre UAA, opal UGA, and four-base AGGA codons to code NCAAs |
| 6.2.1.5 | succinate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming) |
molecular biology |
the maltose-binding protein-tagged beta-subunit of succinyl-CoA synthetase, SUCLA2, bound to an amylose resin, is used as an affinity ligand to bind FPLC-purified wild-type and some mutant erythroid-specific aminolevulinic acid synthases, ALAS2 |
| 6.3.1.20 | lipoate-protein ligase |
molecular biology |
dependency of pathogen Listeria monocytogenes on LplA1 dictated by availability of host lipoyl substrates as alternative lipoate source |
| 6.3.4.5 | argininosuccinate synthase |
molecular biology |
report in which the function of a Porphyra yezoensis gene has been directly demonstrated by the rescue of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant. This technique may provide new opportunities for further investigations into the functions of various genes in Porphyra yezoensis and other macroalgal species |
| 6.5.1.1 | DNA ligase (ATP) |
molecular biology |
LihTh1519 may be used for basic and applied researches in molecular biology and genetic engineering |
| 6.5.1.1 | DNA ligase (ATP) |
molecular biology |
inclusion of the C-terminally 6His-tagged PabDBD in the reaction mixture during long-range polymerase chain reaction (PCR) increases the efficacy of amplification and eliminates the inhibitory effect of heparin |
| 6.5.1.3 | RNA ligase (ATP) |
molecular biology |
RNA ligase-mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RLM-RACE) |
| 6.5.1.3 | RNA ligase (ATP) |
molecular biology |
the properties of TS2126 RNA ligase 1 makes it very attractive for processes like adaptor ligation, and single-stranded solid phase gene synthesis |
| 7.1.2.2 | H+-transporting two-sector ATPase |
molecular biology |
F1FO-ATP synthase is a Na+-translocating ATPase used to generate an electrochemical gradient of Na+ that can drive other membrane-bound bioenergetic processes |
| 7.6.2.1 | P-type phospholipid transporter |
molecular biology |
phosphatidylserine exposure by Tat-1 is an early in vivo marker of apoptosis in Caenorhabditis elegans |
| 7.6.2.9 | ABC-type quaternary amine transporter |
molecular biology |
opuC gene is transcribed exclusively from a sigmaB-dependent promoter, transcripts originating from the sigmaB-dependent opuC accumulate substantially after osmotic upshift but are minimal after temperature upshift or ethanol stress |
