EC Number   |
Recommended Name  |
Application |
|---|
    1.1.1.108 | carnitine 3-dehydrogenase |
diagnostics |
the L-carnitine oxidation step can be exploited for spectroscopic L-carnitine determination in biological fluids |
| 1.1.1.122 | D-threo-aldose 1-dehydrogenase |
diagnostics |
the purified alpha1,2-fucosidase and L-fucose dehydrogenase have sufficiently high activities in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.0) at 37 °C, making it possible to develop a one-pot method for the quantitative determination of 2'-fucosyllactose in fermentation samples. The application of this method is more convenient for quantifying 2'-fucosyllactose in a variety of samples that may be obtained from different phases of the biotechnological production of this oligosaccharide. The method is useful for simple and rapid screening of active variants during the development of any industrially important microbial strain producing 2'-fucosyllactose |
| 1.1.1.145 | 3beta-hydroxy-DELTA5-steroid dehydrogenase |
diagnostics |
HSD3B1 mRNA levels may be able to identify oocytes capable of producing euploid embryos |
| 1.1.1.184 | carbonyl reductase (NADPH) |
diagnostics |
expression of CBR mRNA is a significant prognostic factor in nonsmall-cell lung cancer and is inversely associated with tumor progression and angiogenesis |
| 1.1.1.205 | IMP dehydrogenase |
diagnostics |
IMPDH activity is measured in adults without thiopurine treatment as well as in adult and paediatric patients treated with thiopurines. A wide interindividual variability in IMPDH activity in erythrocytes is observed. No difference in IMPDH activity is found between untreated subjects and adult and paediatric patients on thiopurine therapy. The method described is useful in the determination of IMPDH phenotype from patients on thiopurine therapy and in the investigation of the potential relationship between IMPDH activity in erythrocytes and the occurrence of adverse events and drug response variability |
| 1.1.1.21 | aldose reductase |
diagnostics |
AKR1B10 may have a potential role as a tumor marker |
| 1.1.1.211 | long-chain-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase |
diagnostics |
3-hydroxypalmitoleoyl-carnitine and other hydroxylated long chain acylcarnitines are markers of long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHADD) and/or trifunctional protein (TFP) deficiency, while heptadecanoylcarnitine is a biomarker specific for propionic acidemia (PA) or methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) patients able to detect propionate disorders during expanded newborn screening |
| 1.1.1.213 | 3alpha-hydroxysteroid 3-dehydrogenase (Re-specific) |
diagnostics |
co-immobilization of the enzyme with diaphorase of Clostridum sp. onto alkylamine glass beads through glutaraldehyde coupling for determination of bile acids in serum and bile in a cost-effective colorimetric assay |
| 1.1.1.25 | shikimate dehydrogenase (NADP+) |
diagnostics |
shikimate dehydrogenase alleles can act as potential markers for flowering phenology in Pinus sylvestris. The ShDH A locus might be considered as isoenzymatic marker that differentiates these flowering groups of Scots pine clones. At several isozyme and DNA loci, the presence of private alleles in each group of pines is observed, but these alleles cannot serve as markers of Scots pine flowering time because of their low frequencies |
| 1.1.1.255 | mannitol dehydrogenase |
diagnostics |
the enzyme is a major food allergen and its occurance in food, e.g. in celery sticks, celeriac, celery powder, or celery seeds, is required to be labeled, development of a quantitative PCR-based DNA detection method for use in food samples, overview |
| 1.1.1.26 | glyoxylate reductase |
diagnostics |
enzyme glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase is a prognostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma patients after curative resection. Patients with negative GRHPR both in tumor tissues and nontumoral tissues have a significantly shorter survival time than those with positive GRHPR. Multivariate analysis establishes that GRHPR is detected in nontumoral tissues as an independent prognostic factor for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, overview |
| 1.1.1.27 | L-lactate dehydrogenase |
diagnostics |
the enzyme is useful as marker for endometrial carcinoma |
| 1.1.1.27 | L-lactate dehydrogenase |
diagnostics |
LDH levels might serve as a significant prognostic factor in high-risk patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and a predictive factor associated with the response and survival benefit of the mTOR complex-1 (mTORC1) inhibitor temsirolimus. LDH is one of the risk factors included in the international prognostic index (IPI) and it is considered a strong predictor of survival of patients with aggressive lymphoid cancers. Serum LDH level inversely correlates with the survival of patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and allows the selection of very high-risk patients. Serum LDH might be a useful marker for predicting global clinical outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (sorafenib). The determination of serum LDH levels appears to be a helpful clinical tool also in the diagnosis of prostate cancer and in the control of androgenic treatment |
| 1.1.1.27 | L-lactate dehydrogenase |
diagnostics |
low LDH affinity kinetics can be a diagnostic parameter for human breast cancer |
| 1.1.1.28 | D-lactate dehydrogenase |
diagnostics |
the enzyme is useful for selective determination of D,L-lactic acid in wines using peroxidase-based biosensors, method optimization, overview |
| 1.1.1.284 | S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase |
diagnostics |
the enzyme is useful for determination of formaldehyde in consumers goods and environment |
| 1.1.1.30 | 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase |
diagnostics |
the enzyme is a useful marker in the assay of diabetes mellitus and/or ketoacidosis |
| 1.1.1.336 | UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine dehydrogenase |
diagnostics |
the wecC gene may represent a useful method for detecting the human type of Edwardsiella tarda, which may have the ability to cause human infection |
| 1.1.1.35 | 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase |
diagnostics |
the enzyme can be used as marker for early immunonological detection of infection by Leptospira in urine and of leptospirosis, a global zoonosis caused by pathogenic Leptospira |
| 1.1.1.37 | malate dehydrogenase |
diagnostics |
the enzyme can be used in a biosensor for malic acid detection in fruit juices, based on malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) in a powder vitreous carbon, carbon nanotubes and mineral oil, composite matrix |
| 1.1.1.41 | isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) |
diagnostics |
enzyme NAD+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase cann act as a mitochondrial marker in asthenozoospermia |
| 1.1.1.42 | isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+) |
diagnostics |
IDH1 codon 132 mutation is an important prognostic biomarker in gliomas. IDH1 mutation predicts outcome in grade 2, 3, and 4 gliomas |
| 1.1.1.42 | isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+) |
diagnostics |
IDH1 mutational analysis can serve as a useful diagnostic marker of a glioma |
| 1.1.1.47 | glucose 1-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] |
diagnostics |
enzyme can be used for glucose determination |
| 1.1.1.47 | glucose 1-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] |
diagnostics |
usage for quantitative determination of glucose in clinical tests and in the food industry |
| 1.1.1.47 | glucose 1-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] |
diagnostics |
the enzyme can be a potential diagnostic reagent for blood glucose measurement |
| 1.1.1.51 | 3(or 17)beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase |
diagnostics |
a high HSD17B1 to HSD17B2 ratio, as well as high HSD17B1 on its own is associated with worse prognosis and increased risk of recurrence in patients with ERalpha-positive tumors. An increased copy number of the HSD17B1 gene is correlated with decreased breast cancer survival |
| 1.1.1.62 | 17beta-estradiol 17-dehydrogenase |
diagnostics |
17beta-HSD1 is highly expressed in breast and ovary tissues and represents a prognostic marker for the tumor progression and survival of patients with breast cancer and other estrogen-dependent tumors |
| 1.1.1.62 | 17beta-estradiol 17-dehydrogenase |
diagnostics |
a high HSD17B1 to HSD17B2 ratio, as well as high HSD17B1 on its own is associated with worse prognosis and increased risk of recurrence in patients with ERalpha-positive tumors. An increased copy number of the HSD17B1 gene is correlated with decreased breast cancer survival |
| 1.1.1.62 | 17beta-estradiol 17-dehydrogenase |
diagnostics |
the expression of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases 1 and 2 alone and in combination predicts outcome of patients with breast cancer |
| 1.1.1.62 | 17beta-estradiol 17-dehydrogenase |
diagnostics |
the mouse monoclonal antibody for AKR1C3, 10B10, is highly specific and sensitive for detecting AKR1C3 expression including patient samples. The proper detection of AKR1C3 expression is critical for therapeutics targeting AKR1C3, 10B10 will be a valuable tool in clinic for AKR1C3 precision therapy. 10B10 is specific to AKR1C3 protein and has a very low cross-activity against other AKR1 proteins |
| 1.1.1.64 | testosterone 17beta-dehydrogenase (NADP+) |
diagnostics |
evaluation of 17beta-HSD3 enzymatic activity using androgen receptor-mediated transactivation is important for understanding and diagnosing the 46,XY disorder of sexual development caused by mutations of HSD17B3 genes which results in low testosterone production. A method is adapted that easily evaluates enzymatic activity of 17beta-HSD3 by quantifying the conversion from androstenedione to trestosterone using androgen receptor-mediated transactivation |
| 1.1.1.79 | glyoxylate reductase (NADP+) |
diagnostics |
enzyme glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase is a prognostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma patients after curative resection. Patients with negative GRHPR both in tumor tissues and nontumoral tissues have a significantly shorter survival time than those with positive GRHPR. Multivariate analysis establishes that GRHPR is detected in nontumoral tissues as an independent prognostic factor for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, overview |
| 1.1.1.80 | isopropanol dehydrogenase (NADP+) |
diagnostics |
characterization of adrenal and gonadal tissue |
| 1.1.2.3 | L-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome) |
diagnostics |
a mediatorless biosensor is developed that is based on flavocytochrome b2 immobilized onto gold nanoclusters for non-invasive L-lactate analysis of human liquids |
| 1.1.2.B5 | PQQ-dependent quinohemoprotein pyranose dehydrogenase |
diagnostics |
bioelectrochemical applications (an amperometric biosensor) in electrochemical devices, based on direct electron transfer reactions. Development of a biosensor to detect urinary L-fucose |
| 1.1.3.15 | (S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase |
diagnostics |
lactate biosensor (FIA amperometric detection), tested with beer samples, detection limit: 0.84 micromol/l, three-electrode cell with AG/AGCl, NaCl reference electrode, platinum wire, glassy carbon electrode, the latter layered with Prussian Blue film of K3Fe(CN)6, Fe(III), KCl, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, pH 1.7 maintained with HCl, lactate oxidase immobilized onto the Prussian Blue-modified glassy carbon electrode, enzyme layer covered by a Nafion-ethanol solution, storage in phosphate buffer, pH 6.9 |
| 1.1.3.15 | (S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase |
diagnostics |
lactate biosensor development based on an enzymatic recognition system using lactate oxidase and a transduction system based on laminol, peroxidase from Arthromyces ramosus and metallic aluminum, immobilized in a plastic support by a polyion complex membrane prepared from poly-L-lysine hydrobromide and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) |
| 1.1.3.15 | (S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase |
diagnostics |
the metabolic gene HAO2 is downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and predicts metastasis and poor survival. Dysregulation of HAO2 is a very early event in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and it may represent a useful diagnostic and prognostic marker for human hepatocellular carcinoma |
| 1.1.3.2 | L-lactate oxidase |
diagnostics |
an improved amperometric L-lactate biosensor was constructed based on covalent immobilization of lactate oxidase from Pediococcus species onto carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (cMWCNT)/copper nanoparticles (CuNPs)/polyaniline (PANI) hybrid film electrodeposited on the surface of a pencil graphite electrode. The biosensor shows maximum response within 5 s at pH 8.0 in 0.05 M sodium phosphate buffer and 37°C, when operated at 20 mV/s. The biosensor has a detection limit of 0.00025 mM with a wide working range between 0.001-2.5 mM. The biosensor is employed for measurement of L-lactic acid level in plasma of apparently healthy and diseased persons. Analytical recovery of added lactic acid in plasma is 95.5%. The working enzyme electrode is used 180 times over a period of 140 days, when stored at 4°C |
| 1.1.3.2 | L-lactate oxidase |
diagnostics |
an integrated tear lactate sensor using Schirmer test strip and engineered lactate oxidase is developed. The sensor is insensitive to ascorbic acid, acetaminophen, and uric acid, which are common interfering compounds in tears, and show no sign of degradation after 8 weeks of shelf life study. The proposed sensor exhibits potential usefulness in providing an alternative noninvasive method of measuring lactate and in calibrating the continuous lactate contact lens |
| 1.1.3.2 | L-lactate oxidase |
diagnostics |
L-lactate oxidase based lactate sensors are widely used for clinical diagnostics, sports medicine, and food quality control. Rational engineering of Aerococcus viridans L-lactate oxidase for the mediator modification to achieve quasi-direct electron transfer type lactate sensor |
| 1.1.3.4 | glucose oxidase |
diagnostics |
glucose oxidase can be used in various immunoassays and/or staining procedures as well as removal of excess glucose, in real-time fluorescent microscopy for biological samples, glucose oxidase/catalase is often used for oxygen scavenging to reduce photodamage |
| 1.1.3.4 | glucose oxidase |
diagnostics |
used in an automatic glucose assay kit in conjunction with catalase and chiefly in biosensors for the detection and estimation of glucose in industrial solutions and in body fluids such as blood and urine |
| 1.1.3.4 | glucose oxidase |
diagnostics |
the enzyme is used as a molecular diagnostic and analytical tool in the medical industry for the control of diabetes |
| 1.1.3.4 | glucose oxidase |
diagnostics |
the enzyme is used for the manufacture of glucose biosensors and in particular sensor strips used to measure glucose levels in serum |
| 1.1.3.4 | glucose oxidase |
diagnostics |
glucose biosensor |
| 1.1.3.4 | glucose oxidase |
diagnostics |
a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is modified with carbon nanochips (CNCs), and glucose oxidase (GOx) is immobilized on the modified electrode surface. Chitosan (CS) is employed to fix the GOx/CNCs tightly to the surface of the GCE. Characterization of the modified electrode shows that glucose oxidase remains in its native structure when immobilized in CNC film. Application in glucose biosensing and biofuel cells |
| 1.1.3.4 | glucose oxidase |
diagnostics |
the enzyme is used for a number of applications in biotechnology and clinical diagnostics |
| 1.1.3.6 | cholesterol oxidase |
diagnostics |
the enzyme is used for a kinetic cholesterol assay for determination of cholesterol content in human serum, overview, the enzyme from Streptomyces is more effective than the enzyme from Brevibacterium |
| 1.1.3.6 | cholesterol oxidase |
diagnostics |
analytic tool for determining cholesterol in various samples |
| 1.1.3.6 | cholesterol oxidase |
diagnostics |
the enzyme is used to determine cholesterol in food and blood serum by coupling of the enzyme with peroxidase |
| 1.1.3.6 | cholesterol oxidase |
diagnostics |
determination of cholesterol, by rapid, cheap and reliable methods, is very important in clinical diagnosis because its level in blood is closely related to human health. A reproducible cholesterol biosensors is prepared based on the direct adsorption of ChOx onto gold substrates (ChOx-Au) |
| 1.1.3.6 | cholesterol oxidase |
diagnostics |
the enzyme is an important biotechnological tool for clinical diagnostics. It is also used for tracking intracellular cholesterol. Its utility is limited by the lack of an efficient temporal control of its activity. A rapamycin-inducible fluorescent cholesterol oxidase from Chromobacterium sp. DS-1 (split GFP-COase) is engineered. Induction by rapamycin allows temporal control over enzyme activity and rapidly leads to an efficient reduction of intracellular cholesterol. It is proposed that this drug-inducible split GFP-COase is a new tool to manipulate the cellular cholesterol content and gain insights into cholesterol-dependent proteins and cholesterol-related cell pathologies |
| 1.1.3.9 | galactose oxidase |
diagnostics |
determination of galactose or lactose concentration in complex biological fluids by immobilized galactose oxidase |
| 1.1.5.2 | glucose 1-dehydrogenase (PQQ, quinone) |
diagnostics |
enzyme is industrially used as glucose sensor with high catalytic activity and insensitivity to oxygen |
| 1.1.5.2 | glucose 1-dehydrogenase (PQQ, quinone) |
diagnostics |
purified enzyme is immobilized on carbon electrodes modified with 4-ferrocenylphenol, 4-(4-ferrocenylimino-methyl)-phenol, or 4-ferrocenylnitrophenol, for use as glucose biosensors, kinetic behaviour during immobilization |
| 1.1.5.2 | glucose 1-dehydrogenase (PQQ, quinone) |
diagnostics |
purified enzyme is immobilized on carbon electrodes modified with 4-ferrocenylphenol, 4-(4-ferrocenylimino-methyl)phenol, or 4-ferrocenylnitrophenol, for use as glucose biosensors, kinetic behaviour during immobilization |
| 1.1.5.2 | glucose 1-dehydrogenase (PQQ, quinone) |
diagnostics |
the enzyme is attractive for application in glucose detection in clinic diagnosis and industrial bioprocess controls |
| 1.1.5.9 | glucose 1-dehydrogenase (FAD, quinone) |
diagnostics |
glucose sensor/glucose determination |
| 1.1.5.9 | glucose 1-dehydrogenase (FAD, quinone) |
diagnostics |
the enzyme can be used as O2-independent biosensor for glucoe detection |
| 1.1.5.9 | glucose 1-dehydrogenase (FAD, quinone) |
diagnostics |
an oxygen insensitive glucose biosensor is developed which comprises FAD-dependent glucose dehydrogenase, dichlorophenol indophenol or 2,3-dichloro-naphthoquinone as redox mediators and polydopamine as a constraining layer. It shows long term bioelectrocatalytic activity for at least 3 days without any additional coating or treatment. The system shows great reproducibility, as well as an easy fabrication methodology that should allow low-cost manufacturing |
| 1.1.99.1 | choline dehydrogenase |
diagnostics |
study of prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer identifies the expression of CHD among three human genes controlled by estrogens, and shows that this is a strong predictor of the outcome of treatment with tamoxifen in early-stage (ER)-positive breast cancer patients |
| 1.1.99.18 | cellobiose dehydrogenase (acceptor) |
diagnostics |
key enzyme in biosensors |
| 1.1.99.18 | cellobiose dehydrogenase (acceptor) |
diagnostics |
the enzyme can be used for constructing biosensors |
| 1.1.99.18 | cellobiose dehydrogenase (acceptor) |
diagnostics |
the enzyme is used in amperometric biosensor |
| 1.1.99.24 | hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase |
diagnostics |
AHDFE1 mRNA expression and DNA methylation can potentially be used as diagnostic markers in cancer and might be of great value in predicting the survival of patients with cancer. High expression of ADHFE1 is positively associated with favorable patient prognosis in breast, colon, and gastric cancers |
| 1.1.99.35 | soluble quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase |
diagnostics |
biosensor |
| 1.1.99.6 | D-lactate dehydrogenase (acceptor) |
diagnostics |
D-lactate content is of great interest for clinical diagnosis. A D-lactate sensing system using a thermostable dye-linked D-lactate dehydrogenase (Dye-DLDH) is developed. The electrode for detection of D-lactate is prepared by immobilizing the thermostable Dye-DLDH and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) within Nafion membrane. The electrocatalytic response of the electrode is clearly observed upon exposure to D-lactate. The electrode response to D-lactate is linear within the concentration range of 0.03-2.5 mM, and it shows little reduction in responsiveness after 50 days |
| 1.11.1.6 | catalase |
diagnostics |
catalase activity is significantly higher in patients with renal cell carcinoma than in controls. The marker catalase might be potentially important as an additional biochemical tool for diagnosing renal cell carcinoma |
| 1.11.1.B2 | chloride peroxidase (vanadium-containing) |
diagnostics |
the observed bactericidal and virucidal activity of the alkalophilic P395D/L241V/T343A mutant of vanadium chloroperoxidase is an important step forward in the application of this robust enzyme as a component in disinfection formulations |
| 1.13.11.27 | 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase |
diagnostics |
the enzyme can be used for enzyme-based sensors for monitoring herbicides used in agriculture, i.e. mesotrione. Compared to the standard sensors, biosensors have assorted advantages, such as practicality, quick response, low cost, and high sensitivity. A nanobiosensor is developed based on HPPD for mesotrione detection |
| 1.13.11.5 | homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase |
diagnostics |
crude enzyme preparations can be used for a spectrophotometric method for routine, sensitive determination of homogentisate in human urine |
| 1.13.11.63 | beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase |
diagnostics |
genotyping AI rams for c.196C-T can be used in selection against the yellow fat trait |
| 1.13.12.5 | Renilla-type luciferase |
diagnostics |
Renilla Luciferase (RLuc) is a blue light emitter protein which can be applied as a valuable tool in medical diagnosis |
| 1.13.12.5 | Renilla-type luciferase |
diagnostics |
the split Renilla luciferase complementation assay (SRLCA) is one of the techniques that detect protein-protein interactions. The SRLCA is based on the complementation of the LN and LC non-functional halves of Renilla luciferase fused to possibly interacting proteins which after interaction form a functional enzyme and emit luminescence. The SRLCA can specifically detect the BGLF4/Hsp90 interaction and provide a reference to develop inhibitors that disrupt the Epstein-Barr virus kinase BGLF4 and heat shock protein Hsp90 interaction |
| 1.13.12.5 | Renilla-type luciferase |
diagnostics |
the enzyme is a good research tool as a reporter protein and bioimaging probes, yielding blue light using the substrate coelenterazine. However the applications are limited since RLuc is unstable under various conditions |
| 1.13.12.6 | Cypridina-luciferin 2-monooxygenase |
diagnostics |
Cypridina luciferase is used as bioluminescence reporter enzyme in yeast, bacterial, and mammalian cell-based assays, enzyme activity is measured with a luminometer by addition of native or synthetic luciferin, also known as Vargulin, 0.5 microM in 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4 |
| 1.13.12.6 | Cypridina-luciferin 2-monooxygenase |
diagnostics |
far-red luminescence imaging technology to visualize tumor specific antigens on cell surfaces in vitro (human hepato-cellular carcinoma cell line Huh-7) and in living bodies (mice xenografted with human Delta-like protein-positive Huh-7 cells), based on a far-red fluorescent indocyanine derivative conjugated to biotinylated Cypridina luciferase linked to an anti-human Delta-like protein (Dlk-1) monoclonal antibody (embryonic antigens expressed on the surface of many cancer cells) via biotin-avidin interaction |
| 1.13.12.6 | Cypridina-luciferin 2-monooxygenase |
diagnostics |
labeling of prostaglandin E2 with the bioluminescent enzyme Cypridina luciferase linked to monoclonal anti-prostaglandin E2 antibody as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system, detection of 7.8-500 pg/ml prostaglandin E2 |
| 1.13.99.1 | inositol oxygenase |
diagnostics |
the kidney-specific protein myo-inositol oxygenase is a potential biomarker of acute kidney injury, AKI |
| 1.14.11.16 | peptide-aspartate beta-dioxygenase |
diagnostics |
the enzyme may have utility as a prognostic biomarker in breast cancer |
| 1.14.11.18 | phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase |
diagnostics |
assays for Refsums disease should not be based on PAHX activity alone. At least four different types of mutation cause loss of PAHX activity in vivo. Mutations to the peroxisomal targeting sequence do not affect catalytic function but probably affect targeting or degradation of the enzyme. A second group of mutations, including truncation and missense mutations, results in total loss of activity. A third group of mutations results in uncoupling of substrate oxidation from that of 2-oxoglutarate. A fourth group of mutations causes partial inactivation by hindering binding/utilization of the 2-oxoglutarate cosubstrate and/or iron(II) cofactor. From the therapeutic and biochemical view-point the latter two groups are particularly interesting since it may be possible to restore their activity with modified cosubstrates |
| 1.14.11.18 | phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase |
diagnostics |
the substrate phytanoyl-CoA is difficult to handle because of its amphipathic properties. Commercially available alternative substrates, such as hexadecanoyl-CoA or isovaleryl-CoA are potentially usefull |
| 1.14.11.2 | procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase |
diagnostics |
activation of NF-kappaB is observed in colon cancer. PHD3 appears to be a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer cells that inhibits IKKbeta/NF-kappaB signaling. Determination of PHD3 status could aid targeted therapy selection for patients with colorectal tumors that have increased NF-kappaB activity |
| 1.14.11.2 | procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase |
diagnostics |
the prolyl-4-hydroxylase alpha subunit 2 is a biomarker for breast cancer progression. Increased mRNA levels of P4HA2 correlate with poor clinical outcome in breast cancer patients, which is independent of estrogen receptor status |
| 1.14.11.4 | procollagen-lysine 5-dioxygenase |
diagnostics |
PLOD expression is associated with human breast cancer progression, PLOD2 expression is specifically prognostic in breast cancer |
| 1.14.11.4 | procollagen-lysine 5-dioxygenase |
diagnostics |
the expression level of the procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase (PLOD) might become a novel biomarker for prognosis and is a potential target for individual treatment decisions in lower-grade glioma (LGG) |
| 1.14.13.1 | salicylate 1-monooxygenase |
diagnostics |
usage of the enzyme in a fluorescence assay that detects 3-hydroxybutyrate and cholesterol in the nanomolar range and is more sensitive than the current SHL-dehydrogenase amperometric sensors, making it applicable to the construction of a fiber-optic fluorescence biosensor for clinical diagnostic uses |
| 1.14.13.9 | kynurenine 3-monooxygenase |
diagnostics |
the upregulation of KMO currently serves as an independent prognostic biomarker to identify certain liver malignancies, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC patients who express increased KMO activity are known to have unfavorable clinical outcomes compared to those who do not. The upregulation of KMO also plays a critical role in triple-negative breast cancer progression and metastasis. The pharmacological inhibition of KMO with GSK180 granted therapeutic protection in acute pancreatitis rodent models preventing multiple organ failures |
| 1.14.14.3 | bacterial luciferase |
diagnostics |
expression of the bacterial luciferase system in mammalian cells for generation of bioreporters for in vivo monitoring and diagnostics technology, method evaluation and optimization, overview |
| 1.14.16.2 | tyrosine 3-monooxygenase |
diagnostics |
tyrosine hydroxylase is frequently used as a marker of dopaminergic neuronal loss in animal models of Parkinsons disease |
| 1.14.17.1 | dopamine beta-monooxygenase |
diagnostics |
genotype-controlled measurement of plasma DBH activity might be used as a potential biological marker of the response to trauma |
| 1.14.19.3 | acyl-CoA 6-desaturase |
diagnostics |
higher delta-6-desaturase activity is associated with a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome |
| 1.14.19.30 | acyl-lipid (8-3)-desaturase |
diagnostics |
a higher serum concentration of the n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid dihomo-gamma-linoleic acid and lower DELTA5-desaturase activity are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, independent of BMI, in Japanese adults |
| 1.14.19.30 | acyl-lipid (8-3)-desaturase |
diagnostics |
higher serum total n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid and arachidonic acid concentrations and delta-5-desaturase activity are associated with a lower risk of developing metabolic syndrome |
| 1.14.99.66 | [histone H3]-N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysine4 FAD-dependent demethylase |
diagnostics |
dimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 in combination with trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 is associated with an activated transcriptional state. An increase of H3K4diMe in neoplastic tissues is predictive of clinical outcome. In particular, tumor recurrence occurs earlier in low-grade prostate carcinoma patients with low H3K4diMe, independently of other clinical and pathologic parameters. Similarly, in large cell and squamous cell carcinomas, low H3K4diMe expression correlates with short survival |
| 1.15.1.1 | superoxide dismutase |
diagnostics |
Cu,Zn-SOD is a urinary marker of hepatic necrosis, but not hepatic fibrosis, overview |
| 1.15.1.1 | superoxide dismutase |
diagnostics |
the enzyme might be used to develop a biosensor for the detection of antioxidants and free radical activity |
| 1.15.1.1 | superoxide dismutase |
diagnostics |
Cu/Zn-SOD might be used as a bioindicator of the aquatic environmental pollution and cellular stress in pearl oyster |
