EC Number |
Recommended Name |
Source Tissue |
Reference |
---|
1.1.1.1 | alcohol dehydrogenase |
kernel |
- |
285652 |
1.1.1.14 | L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase |
kernel |
isoform Sdh1, specific for kernel and endosperm. Maximaml expression at both mRNA and enzyme activity level during early kernel development |
689569 |
1.11.1.6 | catalase |
kernel |
spadix |
439798 |
1.14.19.2 | stearoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] 9-desaturase |
kernel |
- |
744605, 746527 |
1.15.1.1 | superoxide dismutase |
kernel |
- |
-, 438149 |
1.2.1.19 | aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase |
kernel |
- |
742854 |
1.23.5.1 | violaxanthin de-epoxidase |
kernel |
expression pattern of ZmVDE1 during maize kernel development. ZmVDE1 is mainly expressed in the late stages of the embryo, endosperm and whole seed |
744970 |
1.3.1.42 | 12-oxophytodienoate reductase |
kernel |
- |
390774 |
1.3.2.3 | L-galactonolactone dehydrogenase |
kernel |
- |
745635 |
1.5.99.12 | cytokinin dehydrogenase |
kernel |
- |
288534, 288535, 288538, 288540, 288542, 655490, 656629, 675643, 724253 |
1.5.99.12 | cytokinin dehydrogenase |
kernel |
developing, TaCKX6a |
655490 |
1.5.99.12 | cytokinin dehydrogenase |
kernel |
most abundant in |
-, 656984 |
1.8.1.7 | glutathione-disulfide reductase |
kernel |
- |
394753, 394754 |
1.8.4.2 | protein-disulfide reductase (glutathione) |
kernel |
activity increases to the 3rd week after anthesis |
686037 |
2.1.1.12 | methionine S-methyltransferase |
kernel |
activity does not change significantly during the first 2 d of germination, increases during the 3rd and 4th day |
485145 |
2.1.1.68 | caffeate O-methyltransferase |
kernel |
- |
734390 |
2.1.1.B74 | apigenin 7-O-methyltransferase |
kernel |
- |
643766 |
2.2.1.7 | 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase |
kernel |
yellow kernel |
720127 |
2.3.1.30 | serine O-acetyltransferase |
kernel |
- |
757959 |
2.3.1.41 | beta-ketoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase I |
kernel |
- |
674095 |
2.3.1.72 | indoleacetylglucose-inositol O-acyltransferase |
kernel |
- |
487444, 487445 |
2.3.1.72 | indoleacetylglucose-inositol O-acyltransferase |
kernel |
endosperm |
487446 |
2.3.1.74 | chalcone synthase |
kernel |
low expression |
756166 |
2.3.1.74 | chalcone synthase |
kernel |
very low expression |
756166 |
2.4.1.1 | glycogen phosphorylase |
kernel |
- |
488304 |
2.4.1.10 | levansucrase |
kernel |
- |
736970 |
2.4.1.10 | levansucrase |
kernel |
developing from anthesis until maturity. 1,6-Kestotetraose formation is prominent during the first 13 days after anthesis, and little or no 6-SFT activity is observed later on during maturation |
736970 |
2.4.1.100 | 2,1-fructan:2,1-fructan 1-fructosyltransferase |
kernel |
- |
736970 |
2.4.1.100 | 2,1-fructan:2,1-fructan 1-fructosyltransferase |
kernel |
developing from anthesis until maturity. 1-FFT is almost exclusively active during the first 9 days after anthesis and no 1,1-kestotetraose is produced during the last weeks of kernel development |
736970 |
2.4.1.121 | indole-3-acetate beta-glucosyltransferase |
kernel |
- |
488521, 488522, 488524, 488525 |
2.4.1.121 | indole-3-acetate beta-glucosyltransferase |
kernel |
immature |
487444 |
2.4.1.13 | sucrose synthase |
kernel |
SUS1 is the predominant isoform of SUS associated with microsomes isolated from the base of the maize leaf elongation zone and from kernels at 20 and 30 days after pollination. SUS2 exists predominantly as a hetero-oligomer with SUS1 in kernels |
676470 |
2.4.1.13 | sucrose synthase |
kernel |
SUS2 is particularly abundant in kernels at various pollination stages |
676470 |
2.4.1.13 | sucrose synthase |
kernel |
SUSSH1 is predominant in developing kernels |
676470 |
2.4.1.14 | sucrose-phosphate synthase |
kernel |
- |
659949 |
2.4.1.156 | indolylacetyl-myo-inositol galactosyltransferase |
kernel |
immature |
488623 |
2.4.1.168 | xyloglucan 4-glucosyltransferase |
kernel |
- |
488694 |
2.4.1.18 | 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme |
kernel |
developing |
636927, 737052 |
2.4.1.21 | starch synthase (glycosyl-transferring) |
kernel |
- |
736155 |
2.4.1.215 | cis-zeatin O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase |
kernel |
- |
660220 |
2.4.1.215 | cis-zeatin O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase |
kernel |
lower level of mRNA |
288693 |
2.4.1.242 | NDP-glucose-starch glucosyltransferase |
kernel |
- |
735886 |
2.4.1.243 | 6G-fructosyltransferase |
kernel |
- |
736970 |
2.4.1.243 | 6G-fructosyltransferase |
kernel |
developing from anthesis until maturity. 1+6G-Kestotetraose is formed at 5 days after anthesis with both sucrose and 1-kestotriose as substrate and also with sucrose as a single substrate |
736970 |
2.4.1.25 | 4-alpha-glucanotransferase |
kernel |
- |
489001, 489023 |
2.4.1.25 | 4-alpha-glucanotransferase |
kernel |
kernel endosperm |
489023 |
2.4.1.354 | (R)-mandelonitrile beta-glucosyltransferase |
kernel |
enzyme accumulates to higher levels in the bitter types |
745013 |
2.4.1.99 | sucrose:sucrose fructosyltransferase |
kernel |
- |
736970 |
2.4.1.99 | sucrose:sucrose fructosyltransferase |
kernel |
developing from anthesis until maturity. When sucrose is the sole substrate, 1-kestotriose formation is highest during the first 9 days after anthesis, as well as 1-SST activity for 1-kestotriose formation from sucrose and 6G-kestotriose, after which the latter activity suddenly decreases. Little 1-kestotriose formation is seen in wheat kernels harvested between 9 and 28 days after anthesis whereas no such activity is observed later on during kernel development. 1+6G-kestotetraose formation follows a similar pattern to 1-kestotriose synthesis throughout kernel development although the formed 1+6G-kestotetraose levels are always lower |
736970 |
2.4.2.34 | indolylacetylinositol arabinosyltransferase |
kernel |
immature |
489797 |
2.5.1.112 | adenylate dimethylallyltransferase (ADP/ATP-dependent) |
kernel |
strong expression in developing kernel |
689564 |
2.5.1.116 | homogentisate geranylgeranyltransferase |
kernel |
genotype G37 (red pericarp) shows higher expression than G7 (light brown) and G33 (red pericarp) at milky and mature grain development stages but lower than both parents. The transcript levels are comparatively low in mature grain |
738386 |
2.5.1.116 | homogentisate geranylgeranyltransferase |
kernel |
grain tocotrienol and HGGT levels increase in the early stage and then reach a plateau |
738276 |
2.5.1.116 | homogentisate geranylgeranyltransferase |
kernel |
preferential expression in mesocarp and kernel tissues |
739300 |
2.5.1.27 | adenylate dimethylallyltransferase |
kernel |
strong expression of isoform IPT2 in developing kernels. At 8-10 days after pollination the endosperm and especially the basal transfer cell layer is a major site of IPT2 expression, this expression persists in the basal transfer cell layer and the developing embryo into later kernel development stages |
689564 |
2.5.1.75 | tRNA dimethylallyltransferase |
kernel |
- |
489962 |
2.7.1.1 | hexokinase |
kernel |
- |
676389 |
2.7.1.4 | fructokinase |
kernel |
- |
641485, 641488 |
2.7.7.27 | glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase |
kernel |
- |
706292 |
2.7.9.1 | pyruvate, phosphate dikinase |
kernel |
- |
691572 |
2.7.9.1 | pyruvate, phosphate dikinase |
kernel |
cytosolic mRNA of OsPPDKB is induced in the reproductive organs after pollination, and greatly increases until about 10 days after fertilization. This mRNA is localized mainly in the endosperm, aleurone, and scutellum of the developing kernel |
663095 |
3.1.2.14 | oleoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydrolase |
kernel |
- |
663566, 716463 |
3.1.2.14 | oleoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydrolase |
kernel |
developing kernel |
716580 |
3.1.3.26 | 4-phytase |
kernel |
- |
94776 |
3.2.1.117 | amygdalin beta-glucosidase |
kernel |
amygdalin contents in different genotypes, i.e. cultivars Ramillete, Marcona, Garrigues, and S3067, the content is high in bitter variants such as S3067, and low in sweet variants such as Ramillete, overview |
706999 |
3.2.1.118 | prunasin beta-glucosidase |
kernel |
- |
751884 |
3.2.1.118 | prunasin beta-glucosidase |
kernel |
amygdalin contents in different genotypes, i.e. cultivars Ramillete, Marcona, Garrigues, and S3067, the content is high in bitter variants such as S3067, and low in sweet variants such as Ramillete, overview |
706999 |
3.2.1.136 | glucuronoarabinoxylan endo-1,4-beta-xylanase |
kernel |
- |
680326 |
3.2.1.153 | fructan beta-(2,1)-fructosidase |
kernel |
- |
753712 |
3.2.1.154 | fructan beta-(2,6)-fructosidase |
kernel |
- |
753712 |
3.2.1.26 | beta-fructofuranosidase |
kernel |
- |
700859 |
3.2.1.26 | beta-fructofuranosidase |
kernel |
the vacuolar isozyme Inv-V is important in kernel development, overview |
666992 |
3.2.1.68 | isoamylase |
kernel |
- |
136814 |
3.2.1.68 | isoamylase |
kernel |
developing |
657126 |
3.2.1.8 | endo-1,4-beta-xylanase |
kernel |
- |
680326 |
3.2.1.8 | endo-1,4-beta-xylanase |
kernel |
largest part of the endoxylanases is located in the outer wheat kernel layers |
680288 |
3.2.1.8 | endo-1,4-beta-xylanase |
kernel |
wheat kernel associated endoxylanases consist of a minority of endogenous endoxylanases |
680326 |
3.2.1.99 | arabinan endo-1,5-alpha-L-arabinanase |
kernel |
the mesocarp promotes the production of the enzyme (71%) when compared to the whole fruit (60.6%) and the other epicarp layers endocarp (26%) and kernel (28%). The mesocarp of Terminalia catappa is a potential and cost effective source for the production of alpha 1,5-L-endo-arabinase |
750846 |
3.2.2.22 | rRNA N-glycosylase |
kernel |
- |
664811, 665864 |
4.1.1.1 | pyruvate decarboxylase |
kernel |
mature |
114285 |
4.1.2.10 | (R)-mandelonitrile lyase |
kernel |
- |
747465 |
4.2.1.31 | maleate hydratase |
kernel |
- |
5642 |
5.4.99.5 | chorismate mutase |
kernel |
- |
3551 |
5.5.1.4 | inositol-3-phosphate synthase |
kernel |
- |
661916 |
7.1.3.1 | H+-exporting diphosphatase |
kernel |
- |
670567 |