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Literature summary for 4.3.1.24 extracted from
- Screening of phenylalanine ammonia lyase in plant tissues, and retention of activity during dehydration (2008), J. Sci. Food Agric., 88, 619-625.
Activating Compound
| Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | the enzyme expression is incuced by diverse factors, including pathogenic attack, tissue wounding and UV irradiation, and low temperature | Triticum aestivum |
Application
| Application | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| medicine | PAL activity is able to effect a reduction in phenylalanine levels and hence provide the basis of a unique therapy for human hyperphenylalaninemic patients | Triticum aestivum |
Molecular Weight [Da]
| Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | - |
wheat seedlings contain isozymes of 74 kDa, 83 kDa, and 103 kDa molecular weight | Triticum aestivum |
| 74000 | - |
- |
Triticum aestivum |
| 83000 | - |
- |
Triticum aestivum |
| 103000 | - |
- |
Triticum aestivum |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L-phenylalanine | Triticum aestivum | PAL is a key enzyme in plant stress responses | (E)-cinnamate + NH3 | - |
? |  |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Triticum aestivum | Q43210 | avr. red spring | - |
Posttranslational Modification
| Posttranslational Modification | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| glycoprotein | PAL exhibits three potential sites for N-linked glycosylation | Triticum aestivum |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| endosperm | from seddlings, 74 kDa isozyme | Triticum aestivum | - |
| leaf | from seedlings, three isozymes of 74 kDa, 83 kDa, and 103 kDa molecular weight | Triticum aestivum | - |
| root | from seedlings, 74 kDa isozyme | Triticum aestivum | - |
| seedling | 7-days-old | Triticum aestivum | - |
Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]
| Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | - |
tissue specific enzyme activity per g fresh weight, overview | Triticum aestivum |
Storage Stability
| Storage Stability | Organism |
|---|---|
| effects of freezing temperature on PAL activity of freeze-dried tissues, overview, -18°C results in the best retention of PAL activity | Triticum aestivum |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L-phenylalanine | - |
Triticum aestivum | (E)-cinnamate + NH3 | - |
? | |
| L-phenylalanine | PAL is a key enzyme in plant stress responses | Triticum aestivum | (E)-cinnamate + NH3 | - |
? | |
Subunits
| Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| tetramer | wheat seedlings contain isozymes of 74 kDa, 83 kDa, and 103 kDa molecular weight | Triticum aestivum |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| PAL | - |
Triticum aestivum |
Temperature Optimum [°C]
| Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37 | - |
assay at | Triticum aestivum |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8.8 | - |
assay at | Triticum aestivum |
Cofactor
| Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3,5-dihydro-5-methylidene-4H-imidazol-4-one | prosthetic group | Triticum aestivum | |
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