EC Number | Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|---|
2.7.7.23 | gene mmy, quantitative RT-PCR expression analysis | Drosophila melanogaster |
EC Number | Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2.7.7.23 | UTP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate | Drosophila melanogaster | - |
diphosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine | - |
? |
EC Number | Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
2.7.7.23 | Drosophila melanogaster | - |
- |
- |
2.7.7.23 | Drosophila melanogaster | Q9Y0Z0 | - |
- |
EC Number | Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
2.7.7.23 | embryo | expression early in embryogenesis, expression occurs ubiquitously and uniformly in the cellular blastoderm and accumulates in the developing mesoderm, gut primordia, and trachea | Drosophila melanogaster | - |
2.7.7.23 | embryo | temporal profile of mmy transcription in early embryogenesis, overview | Drosophila melanogaster | - |
2.7.7.23 | epidermal cell | - |
Drosophila melanogaster | - |
EC Number | Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2.7.7.23 | UTP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate | - |
Drosophila melanogaster | diphosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine | - |
? |
EC Number | Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
2.7.7.23 | Mmy | - |
Drosophila melanogaster |
2.7.7.23 | mummy | - |
Drosophila melanogaster |
2.7.7.23 | UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase | - |
Drosophila melanogaster |
EC Number | General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
2.7.7.23 | evolution | organization andexpression of the mmy gene in Drosophila species, overview | Drosophila melanogaster |
2.7.7.23 | malfunction | independently-derived mmy mutants exhibit a variety of highly penetrant phenotypes, ranging from cuticle defects associated with a failure to synthesize chitin to cuticle defects associated with well-characterized Dpp-dependent closure abnormalities (dorsal closure and head involution). In particular, the mmy-associated cuticle defects are identical to those resulting from loss-of-function mutations in raw and anterior-open | Drosophila melanogaster |
2.7.7.23 | metabolism | the mmy-encoded N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase impacts multiple Drosophila developmental events via the action of several different downstream transferases, some of which modify proteins and lipids with GlcNAc | Drosophila melanogaster |
2.7.7.23 | physiological function | the mmy gene product isoform RA is an orthologue of the yeast N-acetylglucosamine diphosphorylase QRI1. In Drosophila melanogaster, mmy mutants exhibit a variety of highly penetrant phenotypes, ranging from cuticle defects associated with a failure to synthesize chitin to cuticle defects associated with well-characterized decapentaplegic-dependent closure abnormalities. UDP-N-acetylglucosamine diphosphorylase activity is required to spatially limit decapentaplegic, the Drosophila melanogaster BMP homolog, activity in a JNK/AP-1-independent fashion | Drosophila melanogaster |
2.7.7.23 | physiological function | the JNK/AP-1 signaling cascade transcriptionally activates BMP signaling in leading edge epidermal cells, while the mummy (mmy) gene product is required for dorsal closure, and functions as a BMP signaling antagonist. The evolutionarily conserved JNK/AP-1 (Jun N-terminal kinase/activator protein 1) and BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) signaling cascades are deployed hierarchically to regulate dorsal closure in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. The mmy gene product is a type of epidermal BMP regulator that transforms a BMP ligand from a long to a short range signal. Gene mmy codes for the single UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase in Drosophila, and its requirement for attenuating epidermal BMP signaling during dorsal closure points to another role for glycosylation in defining a highly restricted BMP activity field in the fly. In addition to being the building block of chitin, UDP-GlcNAc is an essential precursor for the synthesis of heparin and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, the former having been shown to play an essential role in modulating the effects of Dpp/BMP, Wingless (Wg)/WNT, and Hedgehog (Hh) morphogen signaling in Drosophila and other eukaryotes, usually as a facilitator of long-range signaling. Crucial role for Mmy in regulating embryonic Dpp signaling. Mmy modulation of Dpp signaling is Dpp-dependent and AP-1-independent | Drosophila melanogaster |