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Literature summary extracted from

  • Genenncher, B.; Durdevic, Z.; Hanna, K.; Zinkl, D.; Mobin, M.B.; Senturk, N.; Da Silva, B.; Legrand, C.; Carre, C.; Lyko, F.; Schaefer, M.
    Mutations in cytosine-5 tRNA methyltransferases impact mobile element expression and genome stability at specific DNA repeats (2018), Cell Rep., 22, 1861-1874 .
    View publication on PubMed

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
2.1.1.203 gene NSun2, recombinant expression of wild-type and mutant enzymes Drosophila melanogaster
2.1.1.204 gene Dnmt2, quantitative RT-PCR expression analysis Drosophila melanogaster

Protein Variants

EC Number Protein Variants Comment Organism
2.1.1.203 additional information generation of an insertion mutation in Drosophila NSun2 (NSun2DELTA21.5), which is viable and fertile and loses RNA methylation at known tRNA substrates. RNAi-mediated knockdown of NSun2 in follicle cells. Functional Gypsy retroviral particles can be formed in NSun2 mutants. Specific eccDNAs accumulate in RCMT mutants. RCMT mutants display reduced tRNA stability and tRNA abundance Drosophila melanogaster
2.1.1.204 additional information homozygous Dnmt2-null mutations are viable and fertile, long-term cultivation of Dnmt2 mutant animals might introduce genomic changes accounting for some of the observed phenotypes. Generation of Dnmt2 mutant allele (Dnmt2DELTA5.4), which shows loss of RNA methylation at known tRNA substrates. Catalytically mutant Dnmt2 rescues transposable element (TE) expression changes. Recombinant ectopic expression of the catalytically inactive mutant Dnmt2, which does not reconstitute tRNA methylation, also normalizes TE expression levels. RNAi-mediated knockdown of Dnmt2 in follicle cells. Spliced Gypsy mRNA is significantly elevated in Dnmt2 mutants after heat shock, but not in controls, functional Gypsy retroviral particles can be formed in Dnmt2 mutants. Specific eccDNAs accumulate in RCMT mutants. RCMT mutants display reduced tRNA stability and tRNA abundance Drosophila melanogaster

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
2.1.1.203 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine34 in tRNA precursor Drosophila melanogaster
-
 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine34 in tRNA precursor
-
 ?
2.1.1.204 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine38 in tRNA Drosophila melanogaster
-
 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine38 in tRNA
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
2.1.1.37 Drosophila melanogaster
-
-
-
2.1.1.203 Drosophila melanogaster Q9W4M9
-
-
2.1.1.204 Drosophila melanogaster Q9U6H7
-
-

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
2.1.1.203 ovarian follicle
-
 Drosophila melanogaster
-
2.1.1.204 ovarian follicle
-
 Drosophila melanogaster
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
2.1.1.37 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNAAspGUC
-
 Drosophila melanogaster S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNAAspGUC containing 5-methylcytosine
-
 ?
2.1.1.37 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNAGlyGCC
-
 Drosophila melanogaster S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNAGlyGCC containing 5-methylcytosine
-
 ?
2.1.1.37 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNAValAAC
-
 Drosophila melanogaster S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNAValAAC containing 5-methylcytosine
-
 ?
2.1.1.203 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine34 in tRNA precursor
-
 Drosophila melanogaster S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine34 in tRNA precursor
-
 ?
2.1.1.204 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine38 in tRNA
-
 Drosophila melanogaster S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine38 in tRNA
-
 ?
2.1.1.204 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine38 in tRNA-Asp(GUC)
-
 Drosophila melanogaster S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine38 in tRNA-Asp(GUC)
-
 ?
2.1.1.204 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine38 in tRNAGly(GCC)
-
 Drosophila melanogaster S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine38 in tRNAGly(GCC)
-
 ?
2.1.1.204 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine38 in tRNAVal(AAC)
-
 Drosophila melanogaster S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine38 in tRNAVal(AAC)
-
 ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
2.1.1.37 Dnmt2
-
 Drosophila melanogaster
2.1.1.203 cytosine-5 tRNA methyltransferase
-
 Drosophila melanogaster
2.1.1.203 NSUN2
-
 Drosophila melanogaster
2.1.1.203 RCMT
-
 Drosophila melanogaster
2.1.1.204 (cytosine-5) RNA methyltransferase
-
 Drosophila melanogaster
2.1.1.204 cytosine-5 tRNA methyltransferase
-
 Drosophila melanogaster
2.1.1.204 dDnmt2
-
 Drosophila melanogaster
2.1.1.204 Dnmt2
-
 Drosophila melanogaster
2.1.1.204 RCMT
-
 Drosophila melanogaster

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
2.1.1.203 S-adenosyl-L-methionine
-
 Drosophila melanogaster
2.1.1.204 S-adenosyl-L-methionine
-
 Drosophila melanogaster

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
2.1.1.37 physiological function mutations in two (cytosine-5) RNA methyltransferase Dnmt2 impact the accumulation of mobile element-derived sequences and DNA repeat integrity in Drosophila melanogaster. Loss of Dnmt2 function causes moderate effects under standard conditions, while heat shock exacerbates these effects. Dnmt2 mutants accumulate small RNA pathway substrate RNAs Drosophila melanogaster
2.1.1.203 malfunction mutation in (cytosine-5) RNA methyltransferase NSun2, which targets mostly tRNAs, impacts the expression of mobile element-derived sequences and affects DNA repeat integrity in Drosophila melanogaster. Reduced tRNA stability in the RCMT mutant indicates that tRNA-dependent processes affect mobile element expression and DNA repeat stability. NSun2 function affects mobile element expression and genome integrity in a heat shock-independent fashion. Reduced tRNA stability in both RCMT mutants indicates that tRNA-dependent processes affect mobile element expression and DNA repeat stability. NSun2 mutants show heat-shock-independent transposable element (TE) expression changes Drosophila melanogaster
2.1.1.203 physiological function mutations in two (cytosine-5) RNA methyltransferase NSun2 impact the accumulation of mobile element-derived sequences and DNA repeat integrity in Drosophila melanogaster. NSun2 function affects mobile element expression and genome integrity in a heat shock-independent fashion. Reduced tRNA stability in mutants indicates that tRNA-dependent processes affected mobile element expression and DNA repeat stability Drosophila melanogaster
2.1.1.203 physiological function NSun2 protein is a highly conserved (cytosine-5) methyltransferases that methylate specific tRNAs instead of genomic DNA. NSun2 function affects repeat elements in a heat shock-independent fashion. NSun2, is an RCMT targeting the majority of tRNAs Drosophila melanogaster
2.1.1.204 malfunction mutation in (cytosine-5) RNA methyltransferase Dnmt2, which targets mostly tRNAs, impacts the expression of mobile element-derived sequences and affects DNA repeat integrity in Drosophila melanogaster. Reduced tRNA stability in the RCMT mutant indicates that tRNA-dependent processes affect mobile element expression and DNA repeat stability. Loss of Dnmt2 function causes moderate effects under standard conditions, while heat shock exacerbates these effects. Inefficient silencing of stress-induced transposable elements (TEs) in Dnmt2 mutants, long-lasting TE expression changes in Dnmt2 mutants after heat shock. Dnmt2 mutant phenotype implicated Dnmt2 function in retrotransposon regulation in Drosophila, resulting in silencing defects of long terminal repeat (LTR)-containing transposable elements (TEs) and impaired telomere integrity. P2 expression increases steadily in Dnmt2 mutant males, while expression is only transient in controls (P2). In addition, Dnmt2 mutants displays increasing Inv4 transcript levels (P3). RCMT mutants display genetic changes involving Tag-Inv4. Heat-shock-dependent Inv4 expression is independent of DNA methylation. NSun2 mutants show heat-shock-independent TE expression changes. Dnmt2 mutants accumulate small RNA pathway substrate RNAs, and a catalytically mutant Dnmt2 rescues TE expression changes Drosophila melanogaster
2.1.1.204 physiological function Dnmt2 proteins are highly conserved (cytosine-5) methyltransferases that methylate specific tRNAs instead of genomic DNA. Dnmt2-mediated effects are mostly heat shock dependent. Connection between Dnmt2 and transposable element (TE) silencing Drosophila melanogaster