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EC 2.8.1.8 Details
EC number
2.8.1.8
Accepted name
lipoyl synthase
Reaction
[protein]-N6-(octanoyl)-L-lysine + an [Fe-S] cluster scaffold protein carrying a [4Fe-4S]2+ cluster + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin + 6 H+ = [protein]-N6-[(R)-dihydrolipoyl]-L-lysine + an [Fe-S] cluster scaffold protein + 2 sulfide + 4 Fe3+ + 2 L-methionine + 2 5′-deoxyadenosine + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin
Other name(s)
lipA (gene name), LS, lipoate synthase, protein 6-N-(octanoyl)lysine:sulfur sulfurtransferase, protein N6-(octanoyl)lysine:sulfur sulfurtransferase, protein N6-(octanoyl)lysine:sulfur-(sulfur carrier) sulfurtransferase
Systematic name
[protein]-N6-(octanoyl)-L-lysine:an [Fe-S] cluster scaffold protein carrying a [4Fe-4S]2+ cluster sulfurtransferase
CAS registry number
189398-80-9
Comment
This enzyme catalyses the final step in the de-novo biosynthesis of the lipoyl cofactor, the attachment of two sulfhydryl groups to C6 and C8 of a pendant octanoyl chain. It is a member of the ‘AdoMet radical’ (radical SAM) family, all members of which produce the 5′-deoxyadenosin-5′-yl radical and methionine from AdoMet (S-adenosylmethionine) by the addition of an electron from an iron-sulfur centre. The enzyme contains two [4Fe-4S] clusters. The first cluster produces the radicals, which are converted into 5′-deoxyadenosine when they abstract hydrogen atoms from C6 and C8, respectively, leaving reactive radicals at these positions that interact with sulfur atoms within the second (auxiliary) cluster. Having donated two sulfur atoms, the auxiliary cluster is degraded during catalysis, but is regenerated immediately by the transfer of a new cluster from iron-sulfur cluster carrier proteins [8]. Lipoylation is essential for the function of several key enzymes involved in oxidative metabolism, as it converts apoprotein into the biologically active holoprotein. Examples of such lipoylated proteins include pyruvate dehydrogenase (E2 domain), 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (E2 domain), the branched-chain 2-oxoacid dehydrogenases and the glycine cleavage system (H protein) [1,2]. An alternative lipoylation pathway involves EC 6.3.1.20, lipoate—protein ligase, which can lipoylate apoproteins using exogenous lipoic acid (or its analogues) [4].
History
created 2006, modified 2014, modified 2018
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EC Tree
1 Oxidoreductases
2 Transferases
2.1 Transferring one-carbon groups
2.2 Transferring aldehyde or ketonic groups
2.3 Acyltransferases
2.4 Glycosyltransferases
2.5 Transferring alkyl or aryl groups, other than methyl groups
2.5.1 Transferring alkyl or aryl groups, other than methyl groups (only sub-subclass identified to date)
2.5.1.1 dimethylallyltranstransferase
2.5.1.2 thiamine pyridinylase
2.5.1.3 thiamine phosphate synthase
2.5.1.4 adenosylmethionine cyclotransferase
2.5.1.5 galactose-6-sulfurylase
2.5.1.6 methionine adenosyltransferase
2.5.1.7 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase
2.5.1.8 tRNA isopentenyltransferase
2.5.1.9 riboflavin synthase
2.5.1.10 (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate synthase
2.5.1.11 trans-octaprenyltranstransferase
2.5.1.12 created 1972, deleted 1976
2.5.1.13 created 1972, deleted 1976
2.5.1.14 created 1972, deleted 1976
2.5.1.15 dihydropteroate synthase
2.5.1.16 spermidine synthase
2.5.1.17 corrinoid adenosyltransferase
2.5.1.18 glutathione transferase
2.5.1.19 3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase
2.5.1.20 rubber cis-polyprenylcistransferase
2.5.1.21 squalene synthase
2.5.1.22 spermine synthase
2.5.1.23 sym-norspermidine synthase
2.5.1.24 discadenine synthase
2.5.1.25 tRNA-uridine aminocarboxypropyltransferase
2.5.1.26 alkylglycerone-phosphate synthase
2.5.1.27 adenylate dimethylallyltransferase (AMP-dependent)
2.5.1.28 dimethylallylcistransferase
2.5.1.29 geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase
2.5.1.30 heptaprenyl diphosphate synthase
2.5.1.31 ditrans,polycis-undecaprenyl-diphosphate synthase [(2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate specific]
2.5.1.32 15-cis-phytoene synthase
2.5.1.33 trans-pentaprenyltranstransferase
2.5.1.34 4-dimethylallyltryptophan synthase
2.5.1.35 aspulvinone dimethylallyltransferase
2.5.1.36 trihydroxypterocarpan dimethylallyltransferase
2.5.1.37 created 1989, deleted 2004
2.5.1.38 isonocardicin synthase
2.5.1.39 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase
2.5.1.40 created 1992, deleted 1999
2.5.1.41 phosphoglycerol geranylgeranyltransferase
2.5.1.42 geranylgeranylglycerol-phosphate geranylgeranyltransferase
2.5.1.43 nicotianamine synthase
2.5.1.44 homospermidine synthase
2.5.1.45 homospermidine synthase (spermidine-specific)
2.5.1.46 deoxyhypusine synthase
2.5.1.47 cysteine synthase
2.5.1.48 cystathionine γ-synthase
2.5.1.49 O-acetylhomoserine aminocarboxypropyltransferase
2.5.1.50 zeatin 9-aminocarboxyethyltransferase
2.5.1.51 β-pyrazolylalanine synthase
2.5.1.52 L-mimosine synthase
2.5.1.53 uracilylalanine synthase
2.5.1.54 3-deoxy-7-phosphoheptulonate synthase
2.5.1.55 3-deoxy-8-phosphooctulonate synthase
2.5.1.56 N-acetylneuraminate synthase
2.5.1.57 N-acylneuraminate-9-phosphate synthase
2.5.1.58 protein farnesyltransferase
2.5.1.59 protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I
2.5.1.60 protein geranylgeranyltransferase type II
2.5.1.61 hydroxymethylbilane synthase
2.5.1.62 chlorophyll synthase
2.5.1.63 adenosyl-fluoride synthase
2.5.1.64 2-succinyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylate synthase
2.5.1.65 O-phosphoserine sulfhydrylase
2.5.1.66 N2-(2-carboxyethyl)arginine synthase
2.5.1.67 chrysanthemyl diphosphate synthase
2.5.1.68 (2Z,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate synthase
2.5.1.69 lavandulyl diphosphate synthase
2.5.1.70 naringenin 8-dimethylallyltransferase
2.5.1.71 leachianone-G 2′′-dimethylallyltransferase
2.5.1.72 quinolinate synthase
2.5.1.73 O-phospho-L-seryl-tRNA:Cys-tRNA synthase
2.5.1.74 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate polyprenyltransferase
2.5.1.75 tRNA dimethylallyltransferase
2.5.1.76 cysteate synthase
2.5.1.77 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin synthase
2.5.1.78 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine synthase
2.5.1.79 thermospermine synthase
2.5.1.80 7-dimethylallyltryptophan synthase
2.5.1.81 geranylfarnesyl diphosphate synthase
2.5.1.82 hexaprenyl diphosphate synthase [geranylgeranyl-diphosphate specific]
2.5.1.83 hexaprenyl diphosphate synthase [(2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate specific]
2.5.1.84 all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate synthase [geranyl-diphosphate specific]
2.5.1.85 all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate synthase [geranylgeranyl-diphosphate specific]
2.5.1.86 trans,polycis-decaprenyl diphosphate synthase
2.5.1.87 ditrans,polycis-polyprenyl diphosphate synthase [(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate specific]
2.5.1.88 trans,polycis-polyprenyl diphosphate synthase [(2Z,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate specific]
2.5.1.89 tritrans,polycis-undecaprenyl diphosphate synthase [geranylgeranyl-diphosphate specific]
2.5.1.90 all-trans-octaprenyl-diphosphate synthase
2.5.1.91 all-trans-decaprenyl-diphosphate synthase
2.5.1.92 (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate synthase
2.5.1.93 4-hydroxybenzoate geranyltransferase
2.5.1.94 adenosyl-chloride synthase
2.5.1.95 xanthan ketal pyruvate transferase
2.5.1.96 4,4′-diapophytoene synthase
2.5.1.97 pseudaminic acid synthase
2.5.1.98 Rhizobium leguminosarum exopolysaccharide glucosyl ketal-pyruvate-transferase
2.5.1.99 all-trans-phytoene synthase
2.5.1.100 fumigaclavine A dimethylallyltransferase
2.5.1.101 N,N′-diacetyllegionaminate synthase
2.5.1.102 geranyl-pyrophosphate—olivetolic acid geranyltransferase
2.5.1.103 presqualene diphosphate synthase
2.5.1.104 N1-aminopropylagmatine synthase
2.5.1.105 7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl-methyl-4-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)aminobenzene 5′-phosphate synthase
2.5.1.106 tryprostatin B synthase
2.5.1.107 verruculogen prenyltransferase
2.5.1.108 2-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)histidine synthase
2.5.1.109 brevianamide F prenyltransferase (deoxybrevianamide E-forming)
2.5.1.110 12α,13α-dihydroxyfumitremorgin C prenyltransferase
2.5.1.111 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate 3-dimethylallyltransferase
2.5.1.112 adenylate dimethylallyltransferase (ADP/ATP-dependent)
2.5.1.113 [CysO sulfur-carrier protein]-thiocarboxylate-dependent cysteine synthase
2.5.1.114 tRNAPhe (4-demethylwyosine37-C7) aminocarboxypropyltransferase
2.5.1.115 homogentisate phytyltransferase
2.5.1.116 homogentisate geranylgeranyltransferase
2.5.1.117 homogentisate solanesyltransferase
2.5.1.118 β-(isoxazolin-5-on-2-yl)-L-alanine synthase
2.5.1.119 β-(isoxazolin-5-on-4-yl)-L-alanine synthase
2.5.1.120 aminodeoxyfutalosine synthase
2.5.1.121 5,10-dihydrophenazine-1-carboxylate 9-dimethylallyltransferase
2.5.1.122 4-O-dimethylallyl-L-tyrosine synthase
2.5.1.123 flaviolin linalyltransferase
2.5.1.124 6-linalyl-2-O,3-dimethylflaviolin synthase
2.5.1.125 7-geranyloxy-5-hydroxy-2-methoxy-3-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione synthase
2.5.1.126 norspermine synthase
2.5.1.127 caldopentamine synthase
2.5.1.128 N4-bis(aminopropyl)spermidine synthase
2.5.1.129 flavin prenyltransferase
2.5.1.130 2-carboxy-1,4-naphthoquinone phytyltransferase
2.5.1.131 (4-{4-[2-(γ-L-glutamylamino)ethyl]phenoxymethyl}furan-2-yl)methanamine synthase
2.5.1.132 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nonulopyranosonate 9-phosphate synthase
2.5.1.133 bacteriochlorophyll a synthase
2.5.1.134 cystathionine β-synthase (O-acetyl-L-serine)
2.5.1.135 validamine 7-phosphate valienyltransferase
2.5.1.136 2-acylphloroglucinol 4-prenyltransferase
2.5.1.137 2-acyl-4-prenylphloroglucinol 6-prenyltransferase
2.5.1.138 coumarin 8-geranyltransferase
2.5.1.139 umbelliferone 6-dimethylallyltransferase
2.5.1.140 N-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-L-glutamate synthase
2.5.1.141 heme o synthase
2.5.1.142 nerylneryl diphosphate synthase
2.5.1.143 pyridinium-3,5-biscarboxylic acid mononucleotide synthase
2.5.1.144 S-sulfo-L-cysteine synthase (O-acetyl-L-serine-dependent)
2.5.1.145 phosphatidylglycerol—prolipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase
2.5.1.146 3-geranyl-3-[(Z)-2-isocyanoethenyl]indole synthase
2.5.1.147 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil—L-tyrosine 4-hydroxyphenyl transferase
2.5.1.148 lycopaoctaene synthase
2.5.1.149 lycopene elongase/hydratase (flavuxanthin-forming)
2.5.1.150 lycopene elongase/hydratase (dihydrobisanhydrobacterioruberin-forming)
2.5.1.151 alkylcobalamin dealkylase
2.5.1.152 D-histidine 2-aminobutanoyltransferase
2.5.1.153 adenosine tuberculosinyltransferase
2.5.1.154 corrinoid adenosyltransferase EutT
2.5.1.155 phosphoglycerol geranylfarnesyltransferase
2.5.1.156 geranylfarnesylglycerol-phosphate geranylfarnesyltransferase
2.6 Transferring nitrogenous groups
2.7 Transferring phosphorus-containing groups
2.8 Transferring sulfur-containing groups
2.8.1 Sulfurtransferases
2.8.1.1 thiosulfate sulfurtransferase
2.8.1.2 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase
2.8.1.3 thiosulfate—thiol sulfurtransferase
2.8.1.4 tRNA uracil 4-sulfurtransferase
2.8.1.5 thiosulfate—dithiol sulfurtransferase
2.8.1.6 biotin synthase
2.8.1.7 cysteine desulfurase
2.8.1.8 lipoyl synthase
2.8.1.9 molybdenum cofactor sulfurtransferase
2.8.1.10 thiazole synthase
2.8.1.11 molybdopterin synthase sulfurtransferase
2.8.1.12 molybdopterin synthase
2.8.1.13 tRNA-uridine 2-sulfurtransferase
2.8.1.14 tRNA-5-taurinomethyluridine 2-sulfurtransferase
2.8.1.15 tRNA-5-methyluridine54 2-sulfurtransferase
2.8.1.16 L-aspartate semialdehyde sulfurtransferase
2.8.2 Sulfotransferases
2.8.3 CoA-transferases
2.8.4 Transferring alkylthio groups
2.8.5 Thiosulfotransferases
2.9 Transferring selenium-containing groups
2.10 Transferring molybdenum- or tungsten-containing groups
3 Hydrolases
4 Lyases
5 Isomerases
6 Ligases
7 Translocases