The enzyme is part of the modified Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway of the archaeon Thermoproteus tenax. cf. EC 1.2.1.9 [glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+)].
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The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Archaea
The enzyme is part of the modified Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway of the archaeon Thermoproteus tenax. cf. EC 1.2.1.9 [glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+)].
the enzyme is part of the modified glycolytic pathway of Thermoproteus tenax. In the classical EmbdenÂMeyerhofÂParnas glycolysis, as found in Eucarya and Bacteria, the oxidation of D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is coupled to phosphorylation to yield 1,3-diphosphoglycerate, which in turn is utilized by phosphoglycerate kinase giving 3-phosphoglycerate and ATP. These steps are reversible and non-regulated in the common EmbdenÂMeyerhofÂParnas pathway. In contrast, the direct and irreversible oxidation of D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 3-phospho-D-glycerate without production of ATP is catalysed either by non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase or by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (EC 1.2.7.6). The non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ferredoxin oxidoreductase substitution in the catabolic EmbdenÂMeyerhofÂParnas pathway avoids the production of the highly thermolabile compound 1,3-diphosphoglycerate and could minimize the pools of the thermolabile intermediates D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetonphosphate by driving the carbon flow down the pathway and thus reducing the velocity of their heat destruction
the enzyme is able to utilize NAD+ and NADP+ as cofactor. Without activator Vmax of the NADP-dependent reaction is 40% compared to the NAD+-dependent reaction. In presence of activators (D-glucose 1-phosphate, D-fructose 6-phosphate, AMP and ADP) Vmax of the NADP+-dependent reaction increases by a factor of 3
the enzyme is able to utilize NAD+ and NADP+ as cofactor. Without activator Vmax of the NADP-dependent reaction is 40% compared to the NAD+-dependent reaction. In presence of activators (D-glucose 1-phosphate, D-fructose 6-phosphate, AMP and ADP) Vmax of the NADP+-dependent reaction increases by a factor of 3
the enzyme is also active with succinate semialdehyde (SSA), cf. EC 1.2.1.16. Values obtained reflect a 3500 and 87fold higher catalytic efficiency when SSA/NADP+ or SSA/NAD+ pairs, respectively, are used instead of Ga3P/NADP+ or Ga3P/NAD+. When D-Ga3P is the substrate, no significant differences for NADP+ or NAD+ are observed. In addition, recombinant GabD is able to oxidize both D- and L-Ga3P isomers with either NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors with similar apparent Km values for D- or L-Ga3P and twice the kcat with D-Ga3P with both cofactors. No activity with formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, ethanol, and glycerol as substrates
the enzyme is also active with succinate semialdehyde (SSA), cf. EC 1.2.1.16. Values obtained reflect a 3500 and 87fold higher catalytic efficiency when SSA/NADP+ or SSA/NAD+ pairs, respectively, are used instead of Ga3P/NADP+ or Ga3P/NAD+. When D-Ga3P is the substrate, no significant differences for NADP+ or NAD+ are observed. In addition, recombinant GabD is able to oxidize both D- and L-Ga3P isomers with either NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors with similar apparent Km values for D- or L-Ga3P and twice the kcat with D-Ga3P with both cofactors. No activity with formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, ethanol, and glycerol as substrates
the enzyme is also active with succinate semialdehyde (SSA), cf. EC 1.2.1.16. Values obtained reflect a 3500 and 87fold higher catalytic efficiency when SSA/NADP+ or SSA/NAD+ pairs, respectively, are used instead of Ga3P/NADP+ or Ga3P/NAD+. When D-Ga3P is the substrate, no significant differences for NADP+ or NAD+ are observed. In addition, recombinant GabD is able to oxidize both D- and L-Ga3P isomers with either NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors with similar apparent Km values for D- or L-Ga3P and twice the kcat with D-Ga3P with both cofactors. No activity with formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, ethanol, and glycerol as substrates
the enzyme is also active with succinate semialdehyde (SSA), cf. EC 1.2.1.16. Values obtained reflect a 3500 and 87fold higher catalytic efficiency when SSA/NADP+ or SSA/NAD+ pairs, respectively, are used instead of Ga3P/NADP+ or Ga3P/NAD+. When D-Ga3P is the substrate, no significant differences for NADP+ or NAD+ are observed. In addition, recombinant GabD is able to oxidize both D- and L-Ga3P isomers with either NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors with similar apparent Km values for D- or L-Ga3P and twice the kcat with D-Ga3P with both cofactors. No activity with formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, ethanol, and glycerol as substrates
the enzyme is also active with succinate semialdehyde (SSA), cf. EC 1.2.1.16. Values obtained reflect a 3500 and 87fold higher catalytic efficiency when SSA/NADP+ or SSA/NAD+ pairs, respectively, are used instead of Ga3P/NADP+ or Ga3P/NAD+. When D-Ga3P is the substrate, no significant differences for NADP+ or NAD+ are observed. In addition, recombinant GabD is able to oxidize both D- and L-Ga3P isomers with either NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors with similar apparent Km values for D- or L-Ga3P and twice the kcat with D-Ga3P with both cofactors. No activity with formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, ethanol, and glycerol as substrates
the enzyme is also active with succinate semialdehyde (SSA), cf. EC 1.2.1.16. Values obtained reflect a 3500 and 87fold higher catalytic efficiency when SSA/NADP+ or SSA/NAD+ pairs, respectively, are used instead of Ga3P/NADP+ or Ga3P/NAD+. When D-Ga3P is the substrate, no significant differences for NADP+ or NAD+ are observed. In addition, recombinant GabD is able to oxidize both D- and L-Ga3P isomers with either NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors with similar apparent Km values for D- or L-Ga3P and twice the kcat with D-Ga3P with both cofactors. No activity with formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, ethanol, and glycerol as substrates
the enzyme is part of the modified glycolytic pathway of Thermoproteus tenax. In the classical EmbdenÂMeyerhofÂParnas glycolysis, as found in Eucarya and Bacteria, the oxidation of D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is coupled to phosphorylation to yield 1,3-diphosphoglycerate, which in turn is utilized by phosphoglycerate kinase giving 3-phosphoglycerate and ATP. These steps are reversible and non-regulated in the common EmbdenÂMeyerhofÂParnas pathway. In contrast, the direct and irreversible oxidation of D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 3-phospho-D-glycerate without production of ATP is catalysed either by non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase or by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (EC 1.2.7.6). The non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ferredoxin oxidoreductase substitution in the catabolic EmbdenÂMeyerhofÂParnas pathway avoids the production of the highly thermolabile compound 1,3-diphosphoglycerate and could minimize the pools of the thermolabile intermediates D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetonphosphate by driving the carbon flow down the pathway and thus reducing the velocity of their heat destruction
NADP(H), NADH, and ATP reduce the affinity for the cosubstrate, AMP, ADP, D-glucose 1-phosphate, and D-fructose 6-phosphate increase the affinity for NAD+. Additionally, most of the effectors investigated induce cooperativity of NAD+ binding. NADP+ cannot replace NAD+
the enzyme is able to utilize NAD+ and NADP+ as cofactor. Without activator Vmax of the NADP-dependent reaction is 40% compared to the NAD+-dependent reaction. In presence of activators (D-glucose 1-phosphate, D-fructose 6-phosphate, AMP and ADP) Vmax of the NADP+-dependent reaction increases by a factor of 3
the enzyme is able to utilize NAD+ and NADP+ as cofactor. Without activator Vmax of the NADP-dependent reaction is 40% compared to the NAD+-dependent reaction. In presence of activators (D-glucose 1-phosphate, D-fructose 6-phosphate, AMP and ADP) Vmax of the NADP+-dependent reaction increases by a factor of 3
in contrast to other members of the ALDH superfamily, the enzyme from Thermoproteus tenax is regulated by a number of intermediates and metabolites. In the NAD+-dependent oxidation of D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, ATP, NADP, NADPH and NADH decrease the affinity for the cosubstrate leaving, however, the catalytic rate virtually unaltered
in contrast to other members of the ALDH superfamily, the enzyme from Thermoproteus tenax is regulated by a number of intermediates and metabolites. In the NAD+-dependent oxidation of D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, D-glucose 1-phosphate, D-fructose 6-phosphate, AMP and ADP increase the affinity for the cosubstrate. In the NADP+-dependent reaction the presence of activators increases Vmax by a factor of 3. The crystal structure of the enzyme with the activating molecules reveal a common regulatory site able to accommodate the different activators
in contrast to other members of the ALDH superfamily, the enzyme from Thermoproteus tenax is regulated by a number of intermediates and metabolites. In the NAD+-dependent oxidation of D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, D-glucose 1-phosphate, D-fructose 6-phosphate, AMP and ADP increase the affinity for the cosubstrate. In the NADP+-dependent reaction the presence of activators increases Vmax by a factor of 3. The crystal structure of the enzyme with the activating molecules reveal a common regulatory site able to accommodate the different activators
in contrast to other members of the ALDH superfamily, the enzyme from Thermoproteus tenax is regulated by a number of intermediates and metabolites. In the NAD+-dependent oxidation of D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, D-glucose 1-phosphate, D-fructose 6-phosphate, AMP and ADP increase the affinity for the cosubstrate. In the NADP+-dependent reaction the presence of activators increases Vmax by a factor of 3. The crystal structure of the enzyme with the activating molecules reveal a common regulatory site able to accommodate the different activators
in contrast to other members of the ALDH superfamily, the enzyme from Thermoproteus tenax is regulated by a number of intermediates and metabolites. In the NAD+-dependent oxidation of D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, D-glucose 1-phosphate, D-fructose 6-phosphate, AMP and ADP increase the affinity for the cosubstrate. In the NADP+-dependent reaction the presence of activators increases Vmax by a factor of 3. The crystal structure of the enzyme with the activating molecules reveal a common regulatory site able to accommodate the different activators
the saturation with D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate follows classical Michaelis-Menten kinetics, showing half-maximal saturation at 50 mM. A definite Km for the free aldehyde, the presumed substrate of the enzyme, cannot be given because the portion of the free aldehyde in aqueous solution could not be determined at 70 °C
the enzyme is part of the modified glycolytic pathway of Thermoproteus tenax. In the classical EmbdenÂMeyerhofÂParnas glycolysis, as found in Eucarya and Bacteria, the oxidation of D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is coupled to phosphorylation to yield 1,3-diphosphoglycerate, which in turn is utilized by phosphoglycerate kinase giving 3-phosphoglycerate and ATP. These steps are reversible and non-regulated in the common EmbdenÂMeyerhofÂParnas pathway. In contrast, the direct and irreversible oxidation of D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 3-phospho-D-glycerate without production of ATP is catalysed either by non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase or by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (EC 1.2.1.59). The non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ferredoxin oxidoreductase substitution in the catabolic EmbdenÂMeyerhofÂParnas pathway avoids the production of the highly thermolabile compound 1,3-diphosphoglycerate and could minimize the pools of the thermolabile intermediates D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetonphosphate by driving the carbon flow down the pathway and thus reducing the velocity of their heat destruction
enzyme GabD irreversibly oxidizes D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (Ga3P) to 3-phospho-D-glycerate (3Pglycerate) using NAD+ or NADP+, thus resembling a non-phosphorylating Ga3PDHase. But the enzyme shows about 6fold higher Km value and three orders of magnitude higher catalytic efficiency with succinate semialdehyde (SSA) and NADP+. Indeed, the GabD protein identity corresponds to an SSA dehydrogenase (SSADHase, EC 1.2.1.16)
enzyme GabD irreversibly oxidizes D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (Ga3P) to 3-phospho-D-glycerate (3Pglycerate) using NAD+ or NADP+, thus resembling a non-phosphorylating Ga3PDHase. But the enzyme shows about 6fold higher Km value and three orders of magnitude higher catalytic efficiency with succinate semialdehyde (SSA) and NADP+. Indeed, the GabD protein identity corresponds to an SSA dehydrogenase (SSADHase, EC 1.2.1.16)
enzyme GabD irreversibly oxidizes D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (Ga3P) to 3-phospho-D-glycerate (3Pglycerate) using NAD+ or NADP+, thus resembling a non-phosphorylating Ga3PDHase. But the enzyme shows about 6fold higher Km value and three orders of magnitude higher catalytic efficiency with succinate semialdehyde (SSA) and NADP+. Indeed, the GabD protein identity corresponds to an SSA dehydrogenase (SSADHase, EC 1.2.1.16)
enzyme GabD irreversibly oxidizes D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (Ga3P) to 3-phospho-D-glycerate (3Pglycerate) using NAD+ or NADP+, thus resembling a non-phosphorylating Ga3PDHase. But the enzyme shows about 6fold higher Km value and three orders of magnitude higher catalytic efficiency with succinate semialdehyde (SSA) and NADP+. Indeed, the GabD protein identity corresponds to an SSA dehydrogenase (SSADHase, EC 1.2.1.16)
enzyme GabD irreversibly oxidizes D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (Ga3P) to 3-phospho-D-glycerate (3Pglycerate) using NAD+ or NADP+, thus resembling a non-phosphorylating Ga3PDHase. But the enzyme shows about 6fold higher Km value and three orders of magnitude higher catalytic efficiency with succinate semialdehyde (SSA) and NADP+. Indeed, the GabD protein identity corresponds to an SSA dehydrogenase (SSADHase, EC 1.2.1.16)
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CRYSTALLIZATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
hanging drop vapor diffusion method. Crystal structure of of the complex of the enzyme with its natural inhibitor NADP+. The structure is solved by multiple anomalous diffraction and refined to a resolution of 2.4 A with a crystallographic R-factor of 0.21
hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method, crystal structure of the enzyme in complex with the substrate D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate at 2.3 A resolution, crystal structure of the enzyme in complex with NAD+ at 2.2 A resolution, co-crystal structures with the activating molecules glucose 1-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, AMP and ADP determined at resolutions ranging from 2.3 A to 2.6 A
gene gapD, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons, recombinant expression of N-terminally His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)
The crystal structure of the allosteric non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from the hyperthermophilic archaeum Thermoproteus tenax
Role of two different glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases in controlling the reversible Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway in Thermoproteus tenax: regulation on protein and transcript level
Brunner, N.A.; Brinkmann, H.; Siebers, B., Hensel, R.
NAD+-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Thermoproteus tenax. The first identified archaeal member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily is a glycolytic enzyme with unusual regulatory properties
Lorentzen, E.; Hensel, R.; Knura, T.; Ahmed, H.; Pohl, E.
Structural basis of allosteric regulation and substrate specificity of the non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Thermoproteus tenax
Corregido, M.; Asencion Diez, M.; Iglesias, A.; Piattoni, C.
New pieces to the carbon metabolism puzzle of Nitrosomonas europaea kinetic characterization of glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenases