2.4.1.212: hyaluronan synthase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about hyaluronan synthase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 2.4.1.212
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2.4.1.212
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glycosaminoglycans
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collagen
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polysaccharide
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keratinocytes
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cartilage
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4-methylumbelliferone
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proteoglycans
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hyaluronidases
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chondrocytes
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dermal
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mesenchymal
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pericellular
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pasteurella
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udp-glucuronic
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hyals
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versican
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cumulus
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synovial
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vocal
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articular
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aggrecan
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osteoarthritis
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streptococcal
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udp-n-acetylglucosamine
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multocida
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rhamm
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pyogenes
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udp-sugars
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chondroitin
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glucuronic
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procollagen
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synoviocytes
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cumulus-oocyte
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decorin
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udp-glcua
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photoaging
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filaggrin
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equisimilis
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ha-binding
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temporomandibular
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glcua
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perineuronal
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ophthalmopathy
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zooepidemicus
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uvb-irradiated
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ha-mediated
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tnfaip6
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medicine
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hyaluronan-binding
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fibromodulin
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biglycan
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analysis
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synthesis
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drug development
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biotechnology
- 2.4.1.212
- glycosaminoglycans
- collagen
- polysaccharide
- keratinocytes
- cartilage
- 4-methylumbelliferone
- proteoglycans
- hyaluronidases
- chondrocytes
-
dermal
- mesenchymal
-
pericellular
- pasteurella
-
udp-glucuronic
-
hyals
- versican
-
cumulus
- synovial
-
vocal
-
articular
- aggrecan
- osteoarthritis
- streptococcal
- udp-n-acetylglucosamine
- multocida
-
rhamm
- pyogenes
- udp-sugars
- chondroitin
-
glucuronic
- procollagen
- synoviocytes
-
cumulus-oocyte
- decorin
- udp-glcua
-
photoaging
- filaggrin
- equisimilis
-
ha-binding
-
temporomandibular
-
glcua
-
perineuronal
- ophthalmopathy
- zooepidemicus
-
uvb-irradiated
-
ha-mediated
-
tnfaip6
- medicine
-
hyaluronan-binding
- fibromodulin
- biglycan
- analysis
- synthesis
- drug development
- biotechnology
Reaction
Synonyms
CHAS2, CHAS3, class I hyaluronan synthase, CPS1, DG42 protein, HA synthase, HA synthase 3, HA1, HA2, HA3, HAS, HAS-1, HAS-2, HAS-3, HAS1, Has2, Has3, hasA, HASs, HsHAS1, HuHAS1, HyaD, hyaluronan synthase, hyaluronan synthase 1, hyaluronan synthase 2, hyaluronan synthase 3, hyaluronan synthase-1, hyaluronan synthase-2, hyaluronan synthases 2, hyaluronan synthethase, hyaluronate synthase, hyaluronate synthetase, hyaluronic acid synthase, hyaluronic acid synthetase, More, PmHAS, seHAS, XHAS1, XHAS2, XHAS3
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Application
Application on EC 2.4.1.212 - hyaluronan synthase
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analysis
biotechnology
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optimization of the recombinant enzyme expression in Escherichia coli for large scale production of hyaluronan polymers for usage in basic studies, and for biotechnological creation of functional carbohydrates in medical purposes, engineering of produced product chain length
drug development
medicine
synthesis
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a rapid, continuous, and convenient three-enzyme coupled UV absorption assay is developed to quantitate the glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine transferase activities of hyaluronan synthase. Activity is measured by coupling the UDP produced from the PmHAS-catalyzed transfer of UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-GlcUA to a hyaluronic acid tetrasaccharide primer with the oxidation of NADH. Using a fluorescently labeled primer, the products are characterized by gel electrophoresis. The assay can be used to determine kinetic parameters, inhibition constants, and mechanistic aspects of this enzyme. In addition, it can be used to quantify PmHAS during purification of the enzyme from culture media
analysis
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quantification of newly synthesized hyaluronan by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of fluorophore-labeled saccharides and high performance liquid chromatography. The method measures HAS activity in the plasma membrane fraction and also in the cytosolic membranes. The technique is used to evaluate the effects of 4-methylumbeliferone, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, interleukin 1, platelet-derived growth factor BB, and tunicamycin on HAS activities
inhibition of hyaluronan synthase 3-dependent synthesis of hyaluronan dampens systemic Th1 cell polarization and reduces plaque inflammation. Hyaluronan synthase 3 might be a promising therapeutic target in atherosclerosis. Because hyaluronan synthase 3 is regulated by IL-1beta, therapeutic anti-IL-1beta antibodies, may exert their beneficial effects on inflammation in post-myocardial infarction patients in part via effects on hyaluronan synthase 3
drug development
the enzyme actively synthesizes hyaluronan in hepatic stellate cells and promotes hepatic stellate cells activation and liver fibrosis through Notch1. Targeted hyaluronan inhibition may have potential to be an effective therapy for liver fibrosis
drug development
the enzyme actively synthesizes hyaluronan in hepatic stellate cells and promotes hepatic stellate cells activation and liver fibrosis through Notch1. Targeted hyaluronan inhibition may have potential to be an effective therapy for liver fibrosis
expression of HAS1Vb, an intronic splice variant, correlates with poor survival in multiple myeloma patients
medicine
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an in vitro model is developed to study the biomechanical effects of excess hyaluronan, which is relevant to many cardiovascular events
medicine
heregulin activation of ErbB2-ERK signaling modulates HAS phosphorylation/activation and hyaluronan production leading to CD-44-mediated oncogenic events and ovarian cancer progression
medicine
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hyaluronan synthase 3 is the most dramatically up-regulated isozyme in metastatic prostate tumor cells
medicine
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the overproduction of hyaluronan in soft connective tissues can transform their biological and biomechanical functionality, the results demonstrate the feasibility of using a tissue-engineering approach with genetically modified cells to study the role of individual extracellular matrix components
medicine
HAS 2 appears to be a major contributor to the baseline levels of hyaluronan. Reduced HAS 2 gene expression and increased excreted urinary hyaluronidase activity during dehydration contribute to the reduced amount of hyaluronan and to antidiuretic response. In hydrated animals, the diuretic response is followed by a 58% elevation in papillary hyaluronan and a 45% reduction in the excreted urinary hyaluronidase activity. No difference is determined in HAS 13 mRNA or HYAL 1, 34 mRNA expression. In dehydrated animals, antidiuresis is followed by a 22% reduction in papillary hyaluronan and a 62% elevation in excreted urinary hyaluronidase activity. Plasma vasopressin is 2.8-fold higher in dehydrated versus hydrated rats
medicine
HAS1 variant Vc is transforming in vitro and tumorigenic in vivo when introduced as a single oncogene to untransformed cells. In co-transfected cells, full length HAS1 and HAS1 variants interact with themselves and with each other to form heteromeric multiprotein assemblies
medicine
in hydrated animals, the diuretic response is followed by a 58% elevation in papillary hyaluronan and a 45% reduction in the excreted urinary hyaluronidase activity. No difference is determined in HAS 13 mRNA or HYAL 1, 34 mRNA expression. In dehydrated animals, antidiuresis is followed by a 22% reduction in papillary hyaluronan and a 62% elevation in excreted urinary hyaluronidase activity. Plasma vasopressin is 2.8-fold higher in dehydrated versus hydrated rats
medicine
in serous epithelial ovarian tumors, expression of HAS1 is low or absent. The levels of HAS2 and HAS3 mRNA are not consistently increased in the carcinomas, and are not significantly correlated with HAS protein or hyaluronan accumulation in individual samples
medicine
somatic HAS1 genetic variations occur in all hematopoietic cells tested, including normal CD34 hematopoietic progenitor cells and T cells, or as tumor-specific genretic variations restricted to malignant B and plasma cells. HAS1 genetic variations direct aberrant HAS1 intronic splicing. Nearly all newly identified inherited and somatic genetic variations in multiple myeloma and/or Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia are absent from B chronic lymphocytic leukemia, nonmalignant disease, and healthy donors
medicine
targeting HAS2 to induce fibroblast senescence can be an attractive approach to resolve tissue fibrosis
medicine
the role of HAS1 as a poor predictor in breast cancer, and is correlated with high relapse rate and short overall survival
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optimization of the recombinant enzyme expression in Escherichia coli for large scale production of hyaluronan polymers for usage in basic studies, and for biotechnological creation of functional carbohydrates in medical purposes, engineering of produced product chain length
synthesis
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it may be possible to generate compounds that will selectively inhibit the binding of hyaluronan to one particular hyaladherin species without perturbing other species. Such sugar molecules may have future utility as selective therapeutics with minimal side effects for diseases such as cancer, autoimmune disease, inflammation, and infection
synthesis
multi-enzyme strategy for the in vitro one-pot synthesis of high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid from substrates sucrose and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) with in situ regeneration of nucleotide sugars. With optimized reaction conditions, hyaluronic acid with a molecular mass above 2 MDa is synthesized from catalytic UDP concentrations and 10 mM GlcNAc in less than 10 h
synthesis
the hasA gene is cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 and the use this recombinant Escherichia coli strain BL21 is used as host in order to explore the biosynthetic capabilities for hyaluronan production (concentration and molecular weight) in batch fermentation using shake flask culture. High hyaluronan production (0.115 g/l) is achieved in nutrient rich media with 50 g/l glucose concentration. With addition of 1.0 mM isopropyl beta-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside, the highest hyaluronan production (0.532 g/l) and molecular weight at 34600 Da is achieved which is around fivefold higher compared to without isopropyl beta-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside