EC Number   |
Recommended Name |
Application |
|---|
    1.13.11.27 | 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase |
agriculture |
plant 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) is the molecular target of a range of commercial synthetic beta-triketone herbicides Their mode of action is based on an irreversible inhibition of HPPD |
| 1.13.11.27 | 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase |
agriculture |
the enzyme is a target for herbicides, e.g. triketone inhibitors |
| 1.13.11.27 | 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase |
agriculture |
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase modified at position 336 (HPPD W336) is expressed in MST-FGO72-2 soybean to confer tolerance to 4-benzoyl isoxazole and triketone type of herbicides. No relevant sequence homologies are found with known allergens or toxins, and the absence of hemolytic activity of HPPD W336 is demonstrated in vitro. HPPD W336 degrades rapidly in simulated gastric fluid. Expression of HPPD W336 does not change aromatic amino acid, homogentisate and tocochromanol levels in soybean seed |
| 1.13.11.27 | 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase |
agriculture |
analysis of two waterhemp populations resistant to p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate-dioxygenase herbicides shows that the HPPD-resistance trait is polygenic. The number of genes involved with the herbicide resistance increase at higher herbicide rates, indicating at least one dominant allele at each major locus is required to confer HPPD herbicide resistance in waterhemp |
| 1.13.11.51 | 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase |
agriculture |
it is possible to manipulate abscisic acid levels in plants by overexpressing the key regulatory gene in abscisic acid biosynthesis. Stress tolerance can be improved by increasing abscisic acid level |
| 1.13.11.71 | carotenoid-9',10'-cleaving dioxygenase |
agriculture |
a nonsense mutation c.196C>T in the beta-carotene oxygenase 2 gene is found to strongly associate with the yellow fat phenotype in sheep. The existence of individuals lacking this mutation, but still demonstrating yellow fat, suggests that additional mutations may cause a similar phenotype in this population. Animals homozygous for the mutation are not reported to suffer from any negative health or development traits, pointing towards a minor role of BCO2 in vitamin A formation |
| 1.13.12.19 | 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase (ethene-forming) |
agriculture |
introduction of a gene encoding a chimeric protein consisting of EFE and beta-glucuronidase GUS into the tobacco genome using a binary vector which directs expression of the EFE-beta-glucuronidase fusion protein under the control of constitutive promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S RNA. Transgenic plants produce ethylene at consistently higher rates than the untransformed plant, and their beta-glucuronidase activities are expressed in different tissues. A significant dwarf morphology observed in the transgenic tobacco displaying the highest ethylene production resembles the phenotype of a wild-type plant exposed to excess ethylene |
| 1.14.11.9 | flavanone 3-dioxygenase |
agriculture |
basis for further research on the control of berry skin color and wine quality |
| 1.14.11.9 | flavanone 3-dioxygenase |
agriculture |
the aim is to identify the soybean mosaic virus resistance associated single nucleotide polymorphism in the IFS1, IFS2 and F3H gene by association mapping in order to develop valuable genetic markers for future soybean mosaic virus resistance breeding efforts in soybean |
| 1.14.11.13 | gibberellin 2beta-dioxygenase |
agriculture |
creation of dwarf plants |
| 1.14.11.13 | gibberellin 2beta-dioxygenase |
agriculture |
cryptochromes are required for the transient induction of GA2ox1 expression in etiolated seedlings exposed to blue light, for the sustained elevation of GA2ox1 expression in seedlings grown in continuous blue light, and for maintaining a high amplitude of the circadian rhythm of GA2ox1 expression in seedlings grown in long-day photoperiods |
| 1.14.11.13 | gibberellin 2beta-dioxygenase |
agriculture |
ectopic expression of gibberllin 2-oxidase in wheat decreases the content of bioactive gibberellins and produces a range of dwarf plants with different degrees of severity. The dwarf phenotype is stably inherited over at least four generations and includes dark-green leaves, increasing tillering and, in severe cases, a prostrate growth habit. Expression of gibberlic acid biosynthesis genens TaGA20ox1 and TaGA3ox2 is up-regulated ant that of two alpha-amylase genes down-regulated in scutella of semi-dwarf lines. The phenotypes are restored to normal by application of gibberellin 3 |
| 1.14.11.13 | gibberellin 2beta-dioxygenase |
agriculture |
expression of isoform PcGA2ox1 in Solanum melanocerasum and Solanum nigrum results in transgenic plants with a range of dwarf phenotypes associated with a severe reduction in the concentrations of biologically active gibberellins 1 and 4. Flowering and fruit development are unaffected. Transgenic plants contain greater concentrations of chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll, although chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents are reduced |
| 1.14.11.13 | gibberellin 2beta-dioxygenase |
agriculture |
breeding plants with reduced height, increased root biomass, normal flowering and seed production by overexpression of C20 gibberellin 2-oxidases: first overexpression of GA2ox9ACT mutant generates semidwarf rice with only slightly reduced grain weight and fertility, increased tiller number (by 22%) compared to wild-type, second overexpression of C20 GA2oxs with defective motif III, such as GA2ox5delta335-341ACT mutant, generates a semidwarf rice variety with reduced grain weight (by 16%) and fertility (by 12%) and twofold increased tiller number, third overexpression of a selected C20 GA2ox gene, such as GA2ox6 with less effect on plant growth under the control of a weak promoter could be beneficial without sacrificing seed production |
| 1.14.11.13 | gibberellin 2beta-dioxygenase |
agriculture |
applications of the SBI(SV14) allele in rice breeding are an efficient strategy to develop elite rice varieties with improved lodging resistance and increased yield |
| 1.14.11.13 | gibberellin 2beta-dioxygenase |
agriculture |
the enzyme (BnGA2ox2) is a new candidate gene for breeding dwarf varieties of rapeseed |
| 1.14.11.60 | scopoletin 8-hydroxylase |
agriculture |
ectopic expression of the peptides IRONMAN (IMA1 and IMA2) improves growth on calcareous soil by inducing biosynthesis and secretion of the catecholic coumarin 7,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin (fraxetin) via increased expression of MYB72 and scopoletin 8-hydrxylase. The response is strictly dependent on elevated environmental pH |
| 1.14.11.61 | feruloyl-CoA 6-hydroxylase |
agriculture |
four of the seven feruloyl CoA 6'-hydroxylase genes are expressed in the storage root. A RNA interference construct, designed to a highly conserved region of these genes, significantly reduces feruloyl CoA 6'-hydroxylase gene expression, scopoletin accumulation and rapid post-harvest physiological deterioration development |
| 1.14.13.212 | 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid 5-monooxygenase |
agriculture |
treatment of coffee waste with caffeine-degrading microorganisms (either wild type or recombinant) may transform the waste into a valuable by-product, rather than a waste stream, because a caffeine concentration in the waste greater than 1% makes it unsuitable as animal feed or as a biofuel feedstock |
| 1.14.13.235 | indole-3-acetate monooxygenase |
agriculture |
coinoculation of roots with strain 1290 and 1 mM of indole-3-acetic acid has a positive effect on root development. In coinoculation experiments on radish roots, strain 1290 is partially able to alleviate the inhibitory effect of bacteria that in culture overproduce indole-3-acetic acid |
| 1.14.14.1 | unspecific monooxygenase |
agriculture |
enzyme expressed in Oryza sativa results in high tolerance to herbicides mefenacet, pyributicarb, amiprofos-methyl, trifluralin, pendimethalin, norflurazon, chlorotoluron and five chloroacetamides |
| 1.14.14.1 | unspecific monooxygenase |
agriculture |
cytochrome P450 monooxygenase as a tool for metabolizing of herbicides in plants |
| 1.14.14.1 | unspecific monooxygenase |
agriculture |
the enzyme is of great importance commercially not only from the point of view of herbicide resistance but also in terms of ecotoxicology |
| 1.14.14.3 | bacterial luciferase |
agriculture |
engineering of broad-host-range Erwinia amylovora virus Y2 to enhance its killing activity and for use as a luciferase reporter phage. The reporter phage Y2::luxAB transduces bacterial luciferase into host cells and induces synthesis of large amounts of a LuxAB luciferase fusion. After the addition of aldehyde substrate, bioluminescence can be monitored, and enables rapid and specific detection of low numbers of viable bacteria |
| 1.14.14.3 | bacterial luciferase |
agriculture |
optimization of fused luxAB expression, quantum yield and application as a reporter gene in plant protoplasts. Luciferase activity is dramatically increased upon use of the optimized gene and the 35S promoter compared to the original luxAB in Arabidopsis and maize cells |
| 1.14.14.B11 | nicotine demethylase |
agriculture |
while the nornicotine content of most commercial burley tobacco is low, a process termed conversion can bestow considerably increased nornicotine levels in a portion of the plants within the population. Transcript accumulation of isoform CYP82E4 is enhanced as much as 80fold in converter vs nonconverter tobacco. An optimized RNAi construct 82E4Ri298 suppresses nicotine to nornicotine conversion from 98% to as low as 0.8% in a strong converter tobacco line, a rate of nornicotine production that is about 3.6fold lower than typically detected in commercial varieties. Greenhouse-grown transgenic plants transformed with the RNAi construct are morphologically indistinguishable from the empty vector or wild-type controls |
| 1.14.14.36 | tyrosine N-monooxygenase |
agriculture |
simultaneous expression of the two multifunctional Sorghum cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP79A1 and CYP71E1 in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and Arabidopsis leads to cyanogenic plants. In transgenic plants expressing CYP79A1 as well as CYP71E1, the activity of CYP79A1 is higher than that of CYP71E1, resulting in the accumulation of several 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime-derived products in the addition to those derived from 4-hydroxymandelonitrile. Transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis plants expressing only CYP79A1 accumulate the same 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime-derived products as transgenic plants expressing both sorghum cytochrome P450 enzymes. The transgenic CYP79A1 Arabidopsis plants accumulate large amounts of 4-hydroxybenzyl glucosinolate |
| 1.14.14.36 | tyrosine N-monooxygenase |
agriculture |
transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing CYP79A1, CYP71E1, and UGT85B1 from Sorghum bicolor, i.e. the entire biosynthetic pathway for the tyrosine-derived cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin, accumulate 4% dry-weight dhurrin with marginal inadvertent effects on plant morphology, free amino acid pools, transcriptome, and metabolome. Plants expressing only CYP79A1 accumulate 3% dry weight of the tyrosine-derived glucosinolate, 4-hydroxybenzylglucosinolate with no morphological pleitropic effects. Insertion of CYP79A1 plus CYP71E1 results in stunted plants, transcriptome alterations, accumulation of numerous glucosides derived from detoxification of intermediates in the dhurrin pathway, and in loss of the brassicaceae-specific UV protectants sinapoyl glucose and sinapoyl malate and kaempferol glucosides. The accumulation of glucosides in the plants expressing CYP79A1 and CYP71E1 is not accompanied by induction of glycosyltransferases |
| 1.14.14.37 | 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime monooxygenase |
agriculture |
simultaneous expression of the two multifunctional sorghum cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP79A1 and CYP71E1 in tobacco and Arabidopsis leads to cyanogenic plants. In transgenic plants expressing CYP79A1 as well as CYP71E1, the activity of CYP79A1 is higher than that of CYP71E1, resulting in the accumulation of several 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime-derived products in the addition to those derived from 4-hydroxymandelonitrile. In transgenic Arabidopsis expressing CYP71E1, this enzyme and the enzymes of the pre-existing glucosinolate pathway compete for the 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime as substrate, resulting in the formation of small amounts of 4-hydroxybenzylglucosinolate |
| 1.14.14.37 | 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime monooxygenase |
agriculture |
transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing CYP79A1, CYP71E1, and UGT85B1 from Sorghum bicolor, i.e. the entire biosynthetic pathway for the tyrosine-derived cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin, accumulate 4% dry-weight dhurrin with marginal inadvertent effects on plant morphology, free amino acid pools, transcriptome, and metabolome. Plants expressing only CYP79A1 accumulate 3% dry weight of the tyrosine-derived glucosinolate, 4-hydroxybenzylglucosinolate with no morphological pleitropic effects. Insertion of CYP79A1 plus CYP71E1 results in stunted plants, transcriptome alterations, accumulation of numerous glucosides derived from detoxification of intermediates in the dhurrin pathway, and in loss of the brassicaceae-specific UV protectants sinapoyl glucose and sinapoyl malate and kaempferol glucosides. The accumulation of glucosides in the plants expressing CYP79A1 and CYP71E1 is not accompanied by induction of glycosyltransferases |
| 1.14.14.38 | valine N-monooxygenase |
agriculture |
expression of CYP79D2 from cassava in Arabidopsis thaliana results in the production of valine- and isoleucine-derived glucosinolates not normally found in this ecotype. The transgenic lines show no morphological phenotype, and the level of endogenous glucosinolates is not affected. The novel glucosinolates constitute up to 35% of the total glucosinolate content in mature rosette leaves and up to 48% in old leaves. At increased concentrations of these glucosinolates, the proportion of Val-derived glucosinolates decreases. As the isothiocyanates produced from the Val- and isoleucine-derived glucosinolates are volatile, metabolically engineered plants producing these glucosinolates have acquired novel properties with great potential for improvement of resistance to herbivorous insects and for biofumigation |
| 1.14.14.43 | (methylsulfanyl)alkanaldoxime N-monooxygenase |
agriculture |
loss of CYP83A1 function leads to dramatically reduced parasitic growth of the biotrophic powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe cruciferarum on Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 1.14.14.82 | flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase |
agriculture |
enzyme expression is under control of pericarp color1, P1. The P1 controlled 3-deoxyanthocyanidin and C-glycosyl flavone defence compounds accumulate at significantly higher levels in Pr1 silks as compared to pr1 silks. By virtue of increased maysin synthesis in Pr1 plants, corn ear worm larvae fed on Pr1/P1 silks show slower growth as compared to pr1/P1 silks |
| 1.14.14.99 | (S)-limonene 3-monooxygenase |
agriculture |
cosuppression of limonene-3-hydroxylase in peppermint promotes accumulation of limonene in the essential oil. Pathway engineering can be employed to significantly alter essential oil composition without adverse metabolic consequences |
| 1.14.14.127 | methyl farnesoate epoxidase |
agriculture |
the enzyme may be useful in the design and screening of selective insect control agents |
| 1.14.14.137 | (+)-abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase |
agriculture |
introduction of drought tolerance in apple seedlings, the 3R-isomer of the abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase inhibitor abscinazole-F1 (3R-(E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8-ol) has no growth-retardant effect on apple seedlings but induces stomatal closure and drought tolerance during dehydration at concentrations of 10, 50, and 100 microM (spray treatment) |
| 1.14.14.143 | (+)-menthofuran synthase |
agriculture |
increasing Cd level in the soil is followed by a reduction in the expression of menthone reductase and pulegone reductase genes, while an increase in the expression of menthofuran synthase is observed |
| 1.14.14.154 | sterol 14alpha-demethylase |
agriculture |
target enzyme for azole antifungal agents. These specific inhibitors are of great importance as plant growth regulators, fungicides and herbicides in the agricultural and medical fields |
| 1.14.14.154 | sterol 14alpha-demethylase |
agriculture |
all known functional sterols lack a 14alpha-methyl group, and therefore the 14alpha-demethylation reaction has received much attention from the pharmaceutical and agriculture-chemical industry as a possible means to specifically control and inhibit sterol biosynthesis in mammals, fungi, and plant |
| 1.14.14.154 | sterol 14alpha-demethylase |
agriculture |
target of important agrochemicals such as fungicides, plant growth regulators and herbicides |
| 1.14.14.154 | sterol 14alpha-demethylase |
agriculture |
silencing of enzyme by potato virus X::Nt CYP51-1 transcripts, accumulation of obtusifoliol and other 14alpha-methyl sterols |
| 1.14.14.154 | sterol 14alpha-demethylase |
agriculture |
the enzyme is a target for antifungal inhibitors in protection of crops against fungal pathogens |
| 1.14.14.178 | steroid 22S-hydroxylase |
agriculture |
it will be possible to control plant growth by engineering DWF4 transcription in plants |
| 1.14.14.179 | brassinosteroid 6-oxygenase |
agriculture |
overexpression in seeds increases the levels of castasterone and brassinolide in seeds. Compared to the wild type, the overexpressing strains produces substantially larger seeds with a high concentration of nutrients due to an enhancement in brassinosteroids signaling. Additionally, it exhibits superior seed germination, seedling and rosette plant growth, and flower and silique formation |
| 1.14.14.180 | brassinolide synthase |
agriculture |
overexpression in seeds increases the levels of castasterone and brassinolide in seeds. Compared to the wild type, the overexpressing strains produces substantially larger seeds with a high concentration of nutrients due to an enhancement in brassinosteroids signaling. Additionally, it exhibits superior seed germination, seedling and rosette plant growth, and flower and silique formation |
| 1.14.15.7 | choline monooxygenase |
agriculture |
enhancing glycine betaine synthesis is one of the most promising ways to improve salt tolerance in cotton |
| 1.14.17.4 | aminocyclopropanecarboxylate oxidase |
agriculture |
plants transformed with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 1 and 2 antisense constructs show a significantly reduced post-harvest ethylene production |
| 1.14.17.4 | aminocyclopropanecarboxylate oxidase |
agriculture |
plants transformed with an 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase antisense constructs show reduced ethylene production and a delayed senescence |
| 1.14.18.1 | tyrosinase |
agriculture |
application of boron at high concentrations (10 and 20 mM) to maize seeds or even application very near to the seeds is not advisable |
| 1.14.18.9 | 4alpha-methylsterol monooxygenase |
agriculture |
enzyme is an antifungal target |
| 1.14.19.1 | stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase |
agriculture |
disease resistance |
| 1.14.19.1 | stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase |
agriculture |
higher enzymic acitivity in Jersey-sired cattle than in Limousin-sired cattle, positive relationship between adipose tissue beta-carotene and desaturation |
| 1.14.19.2 | stearoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] 9-desaturase |
agriculture |
mutant strain showing contents of up to 20% of unusual acyl chains such as 16:1DELTA9, 16:2DDELTA9,12, 18:1DELTA11, increase of enzyme activity in mutant |
| 1.14.19.22 | acyl-lipid omega-6 desaturase (cytochrome b5) |
agriculture |
mutation Ol greatly increases oleic acid and is correlated with greatly reduced expression of enzyme isoform FAD2-1. FAD2-1 gene is duplicated in Ol mutants. Development of dominant INDEL markers diagnostic for presence or absence of the Ol mutation |
| 1.14.19.30 | acyl-lipid (8-3)-desaturase |
agriculture |
DELTA-5 and DELTA-6 desaturase are candidate genes for use in aquaculture, to enhance both disease resistance and fish oil production |
| 1.14.19.35 | sn-2 acyl-lipid omega-3 desaturase (ferredoxin) |
agriculture |
potential of exploiting FAD overexpression as a tool to ameliorate drought tolerance in plants |
| 1.14.19.47 | acyl-lipid (9-3)-desaturase |
agriculture |
DELTA-5 and DELTA-6 desaturase are candidate genes for use in aquaculture, to enhance both disease resistance and fish oil production |
| 1.14.20.4 | anthocyanidin synthase |
agriculture |
basis work for molecular directional breeding of sweet potato |
| 1.15.1.1 | superoxide dismutase |
agriculture |
enzyme is a biochemical marker sufficient to identify a trypanosomatid isolated from a plant as belonging to the genus Phytomonas |
| 1.15.1.1 | superoxide dismutase |
agriculture |
soaking fish larva in enzyme solution protects fish from 100 ppm paraquat-induced oxidative injury |
| 1.15.1.1 | superoxide dismutase |
agriculture |
concomitant expression of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase in potato chloroplast results in enhanced tolerance of plants to 0.25 mM methyl viologen, and visible damage in transgenic plants is one-fourth that of control. In addition, transgenic plants are more resistant to elevated temperatures |
| 1.15.1.2 | superoxide reductase |
agriculture |
expression in Nicotiana tabacum as fusion protein with green fluorescent protein. Enzyme construct localizes to cytosol and nucleus. Enzyme retains its function and heat stability. Plant cells expressing the enzyme show enhanced survival at high temperatures |
| 1.16.1.7 | ferric-chelate reductase (NADH) |
agriculture |
increase in ethylene production is accompanied by increase in enzyme activity. Salicylic acid, methionine and ethephon enhance ethylene production, AgNO3 inhibits. Induction of enzyme activity is accompanied by increase in iron, zinc and phosphorus concentration of explants |
| 1.16.1.7 | ferric-chelate reductase (NADH) |
agriculture |
lower enzyme activity in leaves of seedlings grown on 0.002 mM iron than in plants grown on 0.022 or 0.045 mM iron, lack of iron decreases the leaf chlorophyll index and iron concentration in recently matured leaves. Iron level in nutrient solution has no effect on fresh and dry weight |
| 1.16.1.7 | ferric-chelate reductase (NADH) |
agriculture |
lower enzyme activity in leaves of seedlings grown on 0.002 mM iron than in plants grown on 0.022 or 0.045 mM iron, leaves of plants grown without iron become chlorotic within 6 weeks, lack of iron decreases the leaf chlorophyll index and iron concentration in recently matured leaves |
| 1.16.1.7 | ferric-chelate reductase (NADH) |
agriculture |
main reason for iron deficiency chlorosis of plants grown on calcareous soils is the inhibition of FeIII reduction in the apoplast and hence Fe2+ uptake into the cytosol |
| 1.16.1.7 | ferric-chelate reductase (NADH) |
agriculture |
Vaccinium corymbosum is less efficient in acquiring nitrate than Vaccinium arboreum, possibly due to decreased enzyme activity. This may partially explain the wider soil adaptation of Vaccinium arboreum |
| 1.16.1.7 | ferric-chelate reductase (NADH) |
agriculture |
bicarbonate induced deficiency in iron may cause more severe oxidative stress in the rootstocks, than the absence of iron. Additionally to inhibition of iron-chelate reductase, growth in presence of bicarbonate may lead to decreased activities of peroxidase and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, depending on the subspecies of plant |
| 1.16.1.7 | ferric-chelate reductase (NADH) |
agriculture |
heterologous expression of isoform AtFRO2 in Glycine max significantly enhances Fe3+ reduction in roots and leaves. Root ferric reductase activity is up to tenfold higher in transgenic plants than in control and is not subject to post-transcriptional regulation. In leaves, enzyme activity is threefold higher than in control. Enhanced ferric reductase activity leads to reduced chlorosis, increased chlorophyll concentration and a lessening in biomass loss. However, constitutive heterologous expression of AtFRO2 under non-iron stress conditions may result in decrease in plant productivity |
| 1.16.1.7 | ferric-chelate reductase (NADH) |
agriculture |
enhancing the Fe3+ chelate reductase activity of rice plants that normally have low endogenous levels confers resistance to Fe deficiency |
| 1.16.1.7 | ferric-chelate reductase (NADH) |
agriculture |
ferric reductase oxidase 7 is a chloroplast Fe(III) chelate reductase required for survival under ironlimiting conditions, for efficient photosynthesis, and for proper chloroplast iron acquisition in young seedlings |
| 1.16.1.7 | ferric-chelate reductase (NADH) |
agriculture |
virus-induced gene silencing is used to silence the ferric chelate reductase, virus-induced gene silencing system can be employed to investigate gene function associated with plant nutrient uptake in roots |
| 1.17.1.4 | xanthine dehydrogenase |
agriculture |
treatment of normal fruit in linear phase of growth with enzyme inhibitors allopurinol or adenine arrests fruit growth |
| 1.17.1.8 | 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate reductase |
agriculture |
potential herbicide target, leads for herbicide development are inhibitors: dipicolinic acid, isophthalic acid, and DELTA3-tetrahydroisophthalic acid |
| 1.18.1.2 | ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase |
agriculture |
heterologous expression of enzyme in Nicotiana tabacum shows transgenic protein distribution between thylakoid membranes and chloroplast stroma. Thylakoids of transgenic plants with 5fold increase in enzyme protein show only about 20% increase in electron transport from water to NADP+. transgenic plants fail to show significant differences in CO2 assimilation rates but show enhanced tolerance to photooxidative damage and redox-cycling herbicides |
| 1.18.1.2 | ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase |
agriculture |
design of an in vivo system to optimize flavodoxin reduction and NADP+ regeneration under stress using a version of cyanobacterial ferredoxinNADP+ reductase without the thylakoid-binding domain. Co-expression of the two soluble flavoproteins in the chloroplast stroma of Nicotiana tabacum results in lines displaying maximal tolerance to redox-cycling oxidants, lower damage and decreased reactive oxygen species accumulation |
| 1.18.1.2 | ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase |
agriculture |
expression of full-length cDNA of leaf-type ferredoxin-NADP+-oxidoreductase leads to altered chlorophyll fluorescence and growth in Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa. Overexpression of isoform LFNR1 affects the nitrogen assimilation pathway without inhibition of photosynthesis under normal conditions. The endogenous protein level of Oryz sativa LFNR is suppressed in LFNR1 overexpressing rice plants, leading to changes in the stoichiometry of the two LFNR isoforms within the thylakoid and soluble fractions |
| 1.18.1.2 | ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase |
agriculture |
expression of full-length cDNA of leaf-type ferredoxin-NADP+-oxidoreductase leads to altered chlorophyll fluorescence and growth in Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa. Overexpression of isoform LFNR2 leads to the impairment of photosynthetic linear electron transport as well as ferredoxin-dependent cyclic electron flow around photosystem I. The endogenous protein level of Oryza sativa LFNR is suppressed in LFNR2 overexpressing rice plants, leading to changes in the stoichiometry of the two LFNR isoforms within the thylakoid and soluble fractions |
| 1.18.6.1 | nitrogenase |
agriculture |
enzyme activity increases with increasing concentration of O2 in the root zone. Photosynthetic rate, plant dry mass, leaf N content, and nodule fresh mass are maximal in plants maintained with 15-25% O2 in the root zone |
| 1.19.6.1 | nitrogenase (flavodoxin) |
agriculture |
nitrogenase activity decline due to salinity stress is significantly lower and delayed in plants nodulated by flavodoxin-expressing bacteria than after nodulation by wild-type bacteria. After 3 days of stress, this decrease is approximately 60% for nodules elicited by wild-type bacteria and only 40% for flavodoxin-expressing nodules. Overexpression of flavodoxin in bacteroids has a protective effect on the function and structure of alfalfa nodules subjected to salinity stress conditions |
| 1.21.3.6 | aureusidin synthase |
agriculture |
coexpression of enzyme and chalcone 4-O-glucosyltransferase is sufficient for accumulation of aureusidin 6-O-glucoside in transgenic flowers. Additional down-regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis by RNAi results in yellow flowers |
| 1.21.99.5 | tetrachloroethene reductive dehalogenase |
agriculture |
degradation of lipophilic solvent tetrachloroethene, one of the most abundant halogenated xenobiotic pollutants in the environment |
| 1.21.99.5 | tetrachloroethene reductive dehalogenase |
agriculture |
uesd to decontaminate environment polluntant, tetrachloroethene, by tetrachloroethene bioremediation |
| 1.21.99.5 | tetrachloroethene reductive dehalogenase |
agriculture |
suitable for tetrachloroethene bioremediation |
| 1.21.99.5 | tetrachloroethene reductive dehalogenase |
agriculture |
can play important role in breakdown of perchloroethene and other chlorinated aliphatic compounds in sites contaminated with mixtures of halogenated substances |
| 1.21.99.5 | tetrachloroethene reductive dehalogenase |
agriculture |
bioremediation of chloroethylenes, multiple chlorinated aliphatic molecules, in contaminated sites and water, anaerobic reductive dehalogenation of toxic xenobiotic |
| 2.1.1.41 | sterol 24-C-methyltransferase |
agriculture |
construction of transgenic plants with modified sterol profile via recombinant sterol 24-C-methyltransferase shall protect crops against damage by insect infestation |
| 2.1.1.101 | macrocin O-methyltransferase |
agriculture |
tylosin is used in the swine industry as a growth promotant |
| 2.1.1.104 | caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase |
agriculture |
antisense repression of the enzyme ia an efficient means for genetic engineering of trees with low lignin content |
| 2.1.1.141 | jasmonate O-methyltransferase |
agriculture |
genetic introduction of methyljasmonate-producing gene can be used to achieve fortified resistance of plants against various pathogens |
| 2.1.1.156 | glycine/sarcosine N-methyltransferase |
agriculture |
enzyme can be used in betaine production for improvement of stress tolerance of commercially important microbes in agriculture and industry, and for nutritial improvement of transgenic crop plants, that do not produce betaine naturally |
| 2.1.1.157 | sarcosine/dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase |
agriculture |
enzyme can be used in betaine production for improvement of stress tolerance of commercially important microbes in agriculture and industry, and for nutritial improvement of transgenic crop plants, that do not produce betaine naturally |
| 2.1.1.158 | 7-methylxanthosine synthase |
agriculture |
expression of the caffeine biosynthesis enzymes in transgenic crop plants amay protect against the crop damaging larvae of pests |
| 2.1.1.159 | theobromine synthase |
agriculture |
expression of the caffeine biosynthesis enzymes in transgenic crop plants may protect against the crop damaging larvae of pests |
| 2.1.1.160 | caffeine synthase |
agriculture |
expression of the caffeine biosynthesis enzymes in transgenic crop plants may protect against the crop damaging larvae of pests |
| 2.1.1.280 | selenocysteine Se-methyltransferase |
agriculture |
transgenic expression in arabidopsis thaliana. After high zinc stress, the transgenic plants over-expressing SmtA show higher survival rate than the wild type. Over-expression of SmtA in Arabidopsis increases the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, and enhances the tolerance to zinc stress |
| 2.1.1.280 | selenocysteine Se-methyltransferase |
agriculture |
transgenic expression in Nicotiana tabacum. When plants are watered with 200 microM selenate, overexpression of a selenocysteine methyltransferase transgene causes a 2- to 4fold increase in Se accumulation resulting in increased numbers of leaf lesions and areas of necrosis, production of methylselenocysteine up to 20% of total Se and generation of volatile dimethyl diselenide derived directly from methylselenocysteine. Despite the greatly increased accumulation of total Se, this does not result in increased Se toxicity effects on growth. Overexpression of ATP sulfurylase does not increase Se accumulation from selenate. Lines overexpressing both ATP sulfurylase and selenocysteine methyltransferase do not show a further increase in total Se accumulation or in leaf toxicity symptoms relative to overexpression of selenocysteine methyltransferase alone, but direct a greater proportion of Se into methylselenocysteine |
| 2.1.1.280 | selenocysteine Se-methyltransferase |
agriculture |
Brassica juncea SMT demonstrates its potential applications in crop MeSeCys biofortification and phytoremediation of Se pollution |
| 2.1.1.295 | 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-hydroquinone methyltransferase |
agriculture |
constitutive expression in Zea mays leads to transgenic kernels containing up to 3-times as much gamma-tocopherol as their wild type counterparts whereas other tocopherol isomers remain undetectable |
| 2.1.1.295 | 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-hydroquinone methyltransferase |
agriculture |
seed-specific expression of 2-methyl-6-phytylbenzoquinol methyltransferase VTE3 in transgenic soybean reduces seed delta-tocopherol from 20 to 2%. When VTE3 is coexpressed with VTE4, i.e. gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase, in soybean, the seed accumulates to more than 95% alpha-tocopherol, from the normal 10%, resulting in a greater than eightfold increase of alpha-tocopherol and an up to fivefold increase in seed vitamin E activity |
