1.3.1.77: anthocyanidin reductase [(2R,3R)-flavan-3-ol-forming]
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about anthocyanidin reductase [(2R,3R)-flavan-3-ol-forming], go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 1.3.1.77
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1.3.1.77
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anthocyanidins
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proanthocyanidins
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epicatechins
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camellia
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leucoanthocyanidin
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testa
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+-catechin
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flavan-3-ols
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cslar
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pelargonidin
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molecular biology
- 1.3.1.77
- anthocyanidins
- proanthocyanidins
- epicatechins
-
camellia
-
leucoanthocyanidin
- testa
-
+-catechin
-
flavan-3-ols
- cslar
- pelargonidin
- molecular biology
Reaction
Synonyms
ANR, ANR1, ANR1-2, ANR1-3, ANR2, ANR2a, ANRa, ANRb, anthocyanidin reductase, anthocyanidin reductase 1, anthocyanidin reductase 2, AtANR, BAN, BANYULS, BEN1, BpANR, CsANR, CsANR1, CsANR2, CssANRa, CssANRb, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase-like protein, FeANR, GhANR1, MdLAR1, MtANR, PtrANR1, RrANR, VbANR
ECTree
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Reference on EC 1.3.1.77 - anthocyanidin reductase [(2R,3R)-flavan-3-ol-forming]
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REF. 
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Xie, D.Y.; Sharma, S.B.; Paiva, N.L.; Ferreira, D.; Dixon, R.A.
Role of anthocyanidin reductase, encoded by BANYULS in plant flavonoid biosynthesis
Science
299
396-399
2003
Medicago truncatula (Q84XT1), Medicago truncatula
Xie, D.Y.; Sharma, S.B.; Dixon, R.A.
Anthocyanidin reductases from Medicago truncatula and Arabidopsis thaliana
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
422
91-102
2004
Arabidopsis thaliana, Medicago truncatula
Punyasiri, P.A.; Abeysinghe, I.S.; Kumar, V.; Treutter, D.; Duy, D.; Gosch, C.; Martens, S.; Forkmann, G.; Fischer, T.C.
Flavonoid biosynthesis in the tea plant Camellia sinensis: properties of enzymes of the prominent epicatechin and catechin pathways
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
431
22-30
2004
Camellia sinensis
Sharma, S.B.; Dixon, R.A.
Metabolic engineering of proanthocyanidins by ectopic expression of transcription factors in Arabidopsis thaliana
Plant J.
44
62-75
2005
Arabidopsis thaliana
Xie, D.Y.; Sharma, S.B.; Wright, E.; Wang, Z.Y.; Dixon, R.A.
Metabolic engineering of proanthocyanidins through co-expression of anthocyanidin reductase and the PAP1 MYB transcription factor
Plant J.
45
895-907
2006
Medicago truncatula
Paolocci, F.; Robbins, M.P.; Madeo, L.; Arcioni, S.; Martens, S.; Damiani, F.
Ectopic expression of a basic helix-loop-helix gene transactivates parallel pathways of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis. structure, expression analysis, and genetic control of leucoanthocyanidin 4-reductase and anthocyanidin reductase genes in Lotus corniculatus
Plant Physiol.
143
504-516
2007
Lotus corniculatus (A1XEG2), Lotus corniculatus (A1XEG3), Lotus corniculatus (A1XEG4), Lotus corniculatus (A1XEG5), Lotus corniculatus (A1XEG6), Lotus corniculatus (A1XEG7), Lotus corniculatus (A1XEG8)
Pfeiffer, J.; Kuehnel, C.; Brandt, J.; Duy, D.; Punyasiri, P.A.; Forkmann, G.; Fischer, T.C.
Biosynthesis of flavan 3-ols by leucoanthocyanidin 4-reductases and anthocyanidin reductases in leaves of grape (Vitis vinifera L.), apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) and other crops
Plant Physiol. Biochem.
44
323-334
2006
Persea americana, Coffea arabica, Euphorbia pulcherrima, Malus domestica, Pyrus communis, Taxus baccata, Rosa hybrid cultivar, Hypericum perforatum, Prunus cerasus
Xiao, Y.H.; Zhang, Z.S.; Yin, M.H.; Luo, M.; Li, X.B.; Hou, L.; Pei, Y.
Cotton flavonoid structural genes related to the pigmentation in brown fibers
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
358
73-78
2007
Gossypium hirsutum (A2IBG2)
Almeida, J.R.; DAmico, E.; Preuss, A.; Carbone, F.; de Vos, C.H.; Deiml, B.; Mourgues, F.; Perrotta, G.; Fischer, T.C.; Bovy, A.G.; Martens, S.; Rosati, C.
Characterization of major enzymes and genes involved in flavonoid and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis during fruit development in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa)
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
465
61-71
2007
Fragaria x ananassa
Yuan, T.; Fujioka, S.; Takatsuto, S.; Matsumoto, S.; Gou, X.; He, K.; Russell, S.D.; Li, J.
BEN1, a gene encoding a dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR)-like protein, regulates the levels of brassinosteroids in Arabidopsis thaliana
Plant J.
51
220-233
2007
Arabidopsis thaliana
Griesser, M.; Hoffmann, T.; Bellido, M.L.; Rosati, C.; Fink, B.; Kurtzer, R.; Aharoni, A.; Munoz-Blanco, J.; Schwab, W.
Redirection of flavonoid biosynthesis through the down-regulation of an anthocyanidin glucosyltransferase in ripening strawberry fruit
Plant Physiol.
146
1528-1539
2008
Fragaria x ananassa
Ikegami, A.; Eguchi, S.; Kitajima, A.; Inoue, K.; Yonemori, K.
Identification of genes involved in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis of persimmon (Diospyros kaki) fruit
Plant Sci.
172
1037-1047
2007
Diospyros kaki (A4PB65)
Li, H.; Flachowsky, H.; Fischer, T.C.; Hanke, M.V.; Forkmann, G.; Treutter, D.; Schwab, W.; Hoffmann, T.; Szankowski, I.
Maize Lc transcription factor enhances biosynthesis of anthocyanins, distinct proanthocyanidins and phenylpropanoids in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)
Planta
226
1243-1254
2007
Zea mays
Singh, K.; Rani, A.; Paul, A.; Dutt, S.; Joshi, R.; Gulati, A.; Ahuja, P.S.; Kumar, S.
Differential display mediated cloning of anthocyanidin reductase gene from tea (Camellia sinensis) and its relationship with the concentration of epicatechins
Tree Physiol.
29
837-846
2009
Camellia sinensis (Q6DV46), Camellia sinensis
Auger, B.; Baron, C.; Lucas, M.O.; Vautrin, S.; Berges, H.; Chalhoub, B.; Fautrel, A.; Renard, M.; Nesi, N.
Brassica orthologs from BANYULS belong to a small multigene family, which is involved in procyanidin accumulation in the seed
Planta
230
1167-1183
2009
Brassica napus (D0QXI9), Brassica napus (D0QXJ0), Brassica napus (D0QXJ1), Brassica napus (D0QXJ2), Brassica napus, Brassica oleracea (D0QXJ3), Brassica oleracea (D0QXJ3 and D0QXJ4), Brassica oleracea, Brassica rapa (D0QXJ5), Brassica rapa, Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera (D0QXJ6), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9SEV0), Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica napus Westar (D0QXI9), Arabidopsis thaliana Wassilevskija-2 ecotype (Q9SEV0)
Kovinich, N.; Saleem, A.; Arnason, J.T.; Miki, B.
Identification of two anthocyanidin reductase genes and three red-brown soybean accessions with reduced anthocyanidin reductase 1 mRNA, activity, and seed coat proanthocyanidin amounts
J. Agric. Food Chem.
60
574-584
2012
Glycine max
Zhang, X.; Liu, Y.; Gao, K.; Zhao, L.; Liu, L.; Wang, Y.; Sun, M.; Gao, L.; Xia, T.
Characterisation of anthocyanidin reductase from Shuchazao green tea
J. Sci. Food Agric.
92
1533-1539
2012
Camellia sinensis
Pang, Y.; Abeysinghe, I.S.; He, J.; He, X.; Huhman, D.; Mewan, K.M.; Sumner, L.W.; Yun, J.; Dixon, R.A.
Functional characterization of proanthocyanidin pathway enzymes from tea and their application for metabolic engineering
Plant Physiol.
161
1103-1116
2013
Camellia sinensis
Wang, L.; Jiang, Y.; Yuan, L.; Lu, W.; Yang, L.; Karim, A.; Luo, K.
Isolation and characterization of cDNAs encoding leucoanthocyanidin reductase and anthocyanidin reductase from Populus trichocarpa
PLoS ONE
8
e64664
2013
Populus trichocarpa
Kumar, V.; Nadda, G.; Kumar, S.; Yadav, S.
Transgenic Tobacco overexpressing tea cDNA encoding dihydroflavonol 4-reductase and anthocyanidin reductase induces early flowering and provides biotic stress tolerance
PLoS ONE
8
e65535
2013
Camellia sinensis
Zhu, Y.; Peng, Q.; Li, K.; Xie, D.
Molecular cloning and functional characterization of the anthocyanidin reductase gene from Vitis bellula
Planta
240
381-398
2014
Vitis bellula (H9TZS7), Vitis bellula
Kumar, V.; Yadav, S.K.
Pyramiding of tea dihydroflavonol reductase and anthocyanidin reductase increases flavan-3-ols and improves protective ability under stress conditions in tobacco
3 Biotech
7
177
2017
Camellia sinensis (F8V3W3), Camellia sinensis (H9LBK6), Camellia sinensis
Thirugnanasambantham, K.; Muralidaran, S.; Mandal, A.K.
Molecular cloning, computational and expression analysis of anthocyanidin reductase in tea (Camellia sinensis)
Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol.
174
130-145
2014
Camellia sinensis (F4YFD2), Camellia sinensis
Liao, L.; Vimolmangkang, S.; Wei, G.; Zhou, H.; Korban, S.S.; Han, Y.
Molecular characterization of genes encoding leucoanthocyanidin reductase involved in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in apple
Front. Plant Sci.
6
243
2015
Malus sikkimensis, Malus prunifolia, Malus asiatica, Malus domestica (G1E6S8), Malus domestica (Q45VV4), Malus asiatica Nakai
Matsui, K.; Hisano, T.; Yasui, Y.; Mori, M.; Walker, A.R.; Morishita, T.; Katsu, K.
Isolation and characterization of genes encoding leucoanthocyanidin reductase (FeLAR) and anthocyanidin reductase (FeANR) in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum)
J. Plant Physiol.
205
41-47
2016
Fagopyrum esculentum (A0A1B4ZAX4)
Zhao, L.; Jiang, X.L.; Qian, Y.M.; Wang, P.Q.; Xie, D.Y.; Gao, L.P.; Xia, T.
Metabolic characterization of the anthocyanidin reductase pathway involved in the biosynthesis of flavan-3-ols in elite Shuchazao tea (Camellia sinensis) cultivar in the Field
Molecules
22
2241
2017
Camellia sinensis (Q5VLQ4), Camellia sinensis
Zhao, L.; Jiang, X.L.; Qian, Y.M.; Wang, P.Q.; Xie, D.Y.; Gao, L.P.; Xia, T.
Metabolic characterization of the anthocyanidin reductase pathway involved in the biosynthesis of flavan-3-ols in elite Shuchazao tea (Camellia sinensis) cultivar in the Field
Molecules
22
E2241
2017
Camellia sinensis (Q6DV46), Camellia sinensis
Liu, C.; Wang, X.; Shulaev, V.; Dixon, R.A.
A role for leucoanthocyanidin reductase in the extension of proanthocyanidins
Nat. Plants
2
16182
2016
Medicago truncatula (Q84XT1), Medicago truncatula ecotype R108 (Q84XT1)
Kosonen, M.; Laennenpaeae, M.; Ratilainen, M.; Kontunen-Soppela, S.; Julkunen-Tiitto, R.
Decreased anthocyanidin reductase expression strongly decreases silver birch (Betula pendula) growth and alters accumulation of phenolics
Physiol. Plant.
155
384-399
2015
Betula pendula
Luo, P.; Shen, Y.; Jin, S.; Huang, S.; Cheng, X.; Wang, Z.; Li, P.; Zhao, J.; Bao, M.; Ning, G.
Overexpression of Rosa rugosa anthocyanidin reductase enhances tobacco tolerance to abiotic stress through increased ROS scavenging and modulation of ABA signaling
Plant Sci.
245
35-49
2016
Rosa rugosa (A0A0C5DIU7), Rosa rugosa
Zhu, Y.; Peng, Q.Z.; Li, K.G.; Xie, D.Y.
Molecular cloning and functional characterization of the anthocyanidin reductase gene from Vitis bellula
Planta
240
381-398
2014
Vitis bellula (H9TZS7), Vitis bellula
Zhu, Y.; Wang, H.; Peng, Q.; Tang, Y.; Xia, G.; Wu, J.; Xie, D.Y.
Functional characterization of an anthocyanidin reductase gene from the fibers of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
Planta
241
1075-1089
2015
Gossypium hirsutum (A2IBG2)
Kim, Y.B.; Thwe, A.A.; Kim, Y.; Li, X.; Cho, J.W.; Park, P.B.; Valan Arasu, M.; Abdullah Al-Dhabi, N.; Kim, S.J.; Suzuki, T.; Hyun Jho, K.; Park, S.U.
Transcripts of anthocyanidin reductase and leucoanthocyanidin reductase and measurement of catechin and epicatechin in tartary buckwheat
ScientificWorldJournal
2014
726567
2014
Fagopyrum tataricum (V9PJG5)
Valinas, M.A.; Lanteri, M.L.; Ten Have, A.; Andreu, A.B.
Chlorogenic acid, anthocyanin and flavan-3-ol biosynthesis in flesh and skin of Andean potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena)
Food Chem.
229
837-846
2017
Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigenum
Ullah, C.; Unsicker, S.B.; Reichelt, M.; Gershenzon, J.; Hammerbacher, A.
Accumulation of catechin and proanthocyanidins in black poplar stems after infection by Plectosphaerella populi hormonal regulation, biosynthesis and antifungal activity
Front. Plant Sci.
10
1441
2019
Populus nigra
Tan, L.; Wang, M.; Kang, Y.; Azeem, F.; Zhou, Z.; Tuo, D.; Maria Preciado Rojo, L.; Khan, I.A.; Pan, Z.
Biochemical and functional characterization of anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) from Mangifera indica L.
Molecules
23
2876
2018
Mangifera indica (A0A3Q8GZM8), Mangifera indica (A0A3S7R533)
Wang, P.; Liu, Y.; Zhang, L.; Wang, W.; Hou, H.; Zhao, Y.; Jiang, X.; Yu, J.; Tan, H.; Wang, Y.; Xie, D.Y.; Gao, L.; Xia, T.
Functional demonstration of plant flavonoid carbocations proposed to be involved in the biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins
Plant J.
101
18-36
2020
Camellia sinensis
Ullah, C.; Unsicker, S.; Fellenberg, C.; Constabel, C.; Schmidt, A.; Gershenzon, J.; Hammerbacher, A.
Flavan-3-ols are an effective chemical defense against rust infection
Plant Physiol.
175
1560-1578
2017
Populus nigra (A0A1Y0DT44), Populus nigra (A0A1Y0DT45)
Jun, J.H.; Lu, N.; Docampo-Palacios, M.; Wang, X.; Dixon, R.A.
Dual activity of anthocyanidin reductase supports the dominant plant proanthocyanidin extension unit pathway
Sci. Adv.
7
eabg4682
2021
Hordeum vulgare, Medicago truncatula, Zea mays
Liang, C.; Yang, B.; Wei, Y.; Zhang, P.; Wen, P.
SA incubation induced accumulation of flavan-3-ols through activated VvANR expression in grape leaves
Sci. Hortic.
287
110269
2021
Vitis vinifera
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