2.3.1.6: choline O-acetyltransferase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about choline O-acetyltransferase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 2.3.1.6
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2.3.1.6
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cholinergic
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acetylcholine
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nerve
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acetylcholinesterase
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hippocampus
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forebrain
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neurotransmitter
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innervation
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alzheimer
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cortical
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axon
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medial
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muscarinic
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striatum
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neurochemical
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spinal
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retrograde
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maze
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ventral
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basalis
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ganglion
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neurotrophic
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septal
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ngf
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diagonal
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gabaergic
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myenteric
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interneurons
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vacht
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motoneuron
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chat-positive
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afferent
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meynert
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magnocellularis
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presynaptic
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varicosity
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parasympathetic
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non-cholinergic
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preganglionic
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benzilate
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somata
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calretinin
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wga-hrp
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intermediolateral
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broca
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analysis
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amacrine
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ache-positive
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pharmacology
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pedunculopontine
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ibotenic
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diagnostics
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tegmentum
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medicine
- 2.3.1.6
-
cholinergic
- acetylcholine
- nerve
- acetylcholinesterase
- hippocampus
- forebrain
-
neurotransmitter
-
innervation
- alzheimer
- cortical
- axon
-
medial
-
muscarinic
- striatum
-
neurochemical
- spinal
-
retrograde
-
maze
-
ventral
-
basalis
- ganglion
-
neurotrophic
- septal
- ngf
-
diagonal
-
gabaergic
- myenteric
-
interneurons
-
vacht
- motoneuron
-
chat-positive
-
afferent
- meynert
-
magnocellularis
-
presynaptic
-
varicosity
-
parasympathetic
-
non-cholinergic
-
preganglionic
- benzilate
-
somata
-
calretinin
-
wga-hrp
-
intermediolateral
- broca
- analysis
-
amacrine
-
ache-positive
- pharmacology
-
pedunculopontine
-
ibotenic
- diagnostics
- tegmentum
- medicine
Reaction
Synonyms
acetyl CoA:choline-O-acetyltransferase, acetyl-CoA:choline-O-acetyltransferase, acetyltransferase, choline, cChAT, chAcT, ChAT, choline acetyl transferase, choline acetylase, choline acetyltransferase, choline-acetyltransferase, pChAT, peripheral type of choline acetyltransferase
ECTree
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Source Tissue
Source Tissue on EC 2.3.1.6 - choline O-acetyltransferase
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developing antenna during larvae development, enzyme detected in neurons, glia and epidermal cells
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pChAT+ nerve fibers are found exclusively in the trigeminal and solitary systems. The ventral portion of the principal sensory nucleus contains many pChAT+ fibers
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ChAT activity is higher in Ts65Dn mice at both 19 and 24 months of age compared to normogenic animals
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impaired spatial working memory and altered choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity and nicotinic receptor binding in rats exposed to intermittent hypoxia during sleep
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afferent varicose fibers are immunopositive for ChAT in the ventral telencephalon, the preoptic area, the hypothalamus and the posterior tuberculum
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strong pChAT signal in intrinsic primary afferent neurons, low immunoreactivity for cChAT
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no significant differences of ChAT activity are measured at both 19 and 24 months of age between Ts65Dn mice and normogenic animals
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no significant differences of ChAT activity are measured at both 19 and 24 months of age between Ts65Dn mice and normogenic animals
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enzyme-containing neuronal cell bodies in only two regions, the cell islands of the optic lobe medulla and the cortical layer of the posterior olfactory lobule. Immunoreactive fibers and probable nerve terminals are found in the plexiform layer of the deep retina, within the stroma of the optic gland, and the neuropils of the optic lobe, peduncle lobe, and olfactory lobe
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enzyme-containing neuronal cell bodies in only two regions, the cell islands of the optic lobe medulla and the cortical layer of the posterior olfactory lobule. Immunoreactive fibers and probable nerve terminals are found in the plexiform layer of the deep retina, within the stroma of the optic gland, and the neuropils of the optic lobe, peduncle lobe, and olfactory lobe
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enzyme-containing neuronal cell bodies in only two regions, the cell islands of the optic lobe medulla and the cortical layer of the posterior olfactory lobule. Immunoreactive fibers and probable nerve terminals are found in the plexiform layer of the deep retina, within the stroma of the optic gland, and the neuropils of the optic lobe, peduncle lobe, and olfactory lobe
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afferent varicose fibers are immunopositive for ChAT in the ventral telencephalon, the preoptic area, the hypothalamus and the posterior tuberculum
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in both young adult and middle-aged animals, oestradiol treatment initiates immediately after ovariectomy significantly increased ChAT levels in the hippocampus but not in the prefrontal cortex compared to cholesterol control treatment. When oestradiol treatment is initiated 5 months after ovariectomy, it fails to significantly increase ChAT levels in the hippocampus, but does so in the prefrontal cortex
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afferent varicose fibers are immunopositive for ChAT in the ventral telencephalon, the preoptic area, the hypothalamus and the posterior tuberculum
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the ganglion neurons possess pChAT, but never cChAT, mRNA and protein. pChAT has enzyme activity enough to supply physiological concentrations of acetylcholine in the ganglion. pChAT contributes both to acetylcholine neurotransmission in physiologically identified cholinergic cells and to functions yet unknown in non-cholinergic neurons
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afferent varicose fibers are immunopositive for ChAT in the ventral telencephalon, the preoptic area, the hypothalamus and the posterior tuberculum
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pChAT occurs in most CGRP+ SP+ ganglion cells, such sparseness of pChAT+ fibers implies poor transportation of pChAT to axon branchlets
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dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve, contains a peripheral-type pChAT, a splice variant that lacks exons 6-9 of the common-type ChAT, cChAT
additional information
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colocalization of nitric oxide synthase and choline acetyltransferase. nNOS/ChAT-positive cells are detected in: the diencephalon (the preoptic and suprachiasmatic nuclei, the habenula, the dorsal thalamus, and the nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus), the mesencephalon (the optic tectum, the mesencephalic portion of the trigeminal nucleus, the oculomotor and trochlear nuclei, and the Edinger-Westphal nucleus) and the rhombencephalon (the secondary gustatory nucleus, the nucleus isthmi, the lateral lemniscus nucleus, the cerebellum, the reticular formation, different nuclei of the octaval column, the motor zone of the vagal lobe, and the trigeminal, facial, abducens, glosso-pharyngeal, vagal, and hypobranchial motor nuclei). Double-labeled cells are also observed in the spinal motor column
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ChAT immunopositive neurons are present in several nuclei of the forebrain, the midbrain, the hindbrain and the spinal cord
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silencing of choline acetyltransferase expression by lentivirus-mediated RNA interference
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ingestion of lower quantity and quality of dietary protein are likely to control the mRNA level and concentration of NGF, and cause a decline in the activity of choline acetyltransferase in the brains of young rats
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silencing of choline acetyltransferase expression by lentivirus-mediated RNA interference
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increased ChAT activity in some brain regions, notably the hippocampus, of patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment
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ChAT activity is increased at 10 and 12 months of age in the hippocampus of Ts65Dn mice compared to normogenic animals
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exposure to enriched environment improves spatial learning performances and enhances cell density but not choline acetyltransferase activity in the hippocampus of ventral subicular-lesioned rats
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in both young adult and middle-aged animals, oestradiol treatment initiates immediately after ovariectomy significantly increased ChAT levels in the hippocampus but not in the prefrontal cortex compared to cholesterol control treatment. When oestradiol treatment is initiated 5 months after ovariectomy, it fails to significantly increase ChAT levels in the hippocampus, but does so in the prefrontal cortex
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ChAt activity in untreated and in pilocarpine-treated hippocampi, overview
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Alzheimers disease/galanin+ cells display a significant upregulation in choline acetyltransferase mRNA expression compared to cognitive impairment and Alzheimers disease/galanin- cells. Galanin fiber hyperinnervation of cholinergic nucleus basalis neurons upregulates the expression of ChAT
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ChAT+/NOS- neurons account for 48% of myenteric neurons and ChAT-/NOS+ neurons accounted for 43%. ChAT+/NOS+ neurons comprised 4% of the total number of neurons. ChAT-/NOS- neurons comprise 5% of all cells
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in addition, to the somatomotor neurons and the intermediolateral column, throughout the spinal cord small ChATir cells are found in the central ventral gray but not in the dorsal gray
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trigeminal neuron, the majority of pChAT-positive neurons has small to medium-sized cell bodies. More than 90% of substance P (SP)-positive trigeminal cells and about 80% of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-positive cells exhibited pChAT-immunoreactivity. pChAT-positive cells form a larger population of neurons than SP-positive or CGRP-positive cells, but they are a different population from calbindin-D28k-positive neurons. pChAT-immunoreactivity is present in a subset of neurons positive for neuronal nitric oxide synthase. pChAT plays roles not only in nociception, but also in other sensory functions such as mechanoreception mediating tactile sensation
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silencing of choline acetyltransferase expression by lentivirus-mediated RNA interference
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enzyme-containing neuronal cell bodies in only two regions, the cell islands of the optic lobe medulla and the cortical layer of the posterior olfactory lobule. Immunoreactive fibers and probable nerve terminals are found in the plexiform layer of the deep retina, within the stroma of the optic gland, and the neuropils of the optic lobe, peduncle lobe, and olfactory lobe
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ChAT protein levels are significantly increased in the dark-reared retina compared to those of the control. Light deprivation increases the expression of ChAT, increasing the apparent density of cholinergic neurons in the developing turtle retina
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ChAT immunopositive neurons are present in several nuclei of the forebrain, the midbrain, the hindbrain and the spinal cord
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in addition, to the somatomotor neurons and the intermediolateral column, throughout the spinal cord small ChATir cells are found in the central ventral gray but not in the dorsal gray
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only a few ChATir neurons are found outside the somatomotor groups in the ventral gray
additional information
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after axotomy pChAT immunoreactivity is apparent in some brainstem nuclei, such as the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve, the nucleus ambiguus, and the hypoglossal nucleus, but not in the brainstem neurons of normal rats